《语法与语言点》PPT课件.ppt

Unit 5 Nelson Mandela 语言知识点与运用,Language points for reading I,Ex. 1 of Learning about Language,league,lose heart,out of work,hero,as a matter of fact,Word-consolidation-I (2m),in trouble,put in prison,period,willing,fees,advise,continue,active,fight,gold,accept,break the law,peaceful,Find out all the attributive clauses led by “whenb” in Reading and conclude the rules.,Line 2: The time when I first met Nelson Mendela was a very difficult period of my life Line 12: This was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Jonnesburg Line 15: The day when Nelson when Nelson Mandela helped was one of my happiest. 关系副词when引导的定语从句 当先行词是表示时间的名词且从句中缺状语时，定语从句需要用when引导。例如 I will never forget the day when I joined the army.,Function-II-practice (3m), 引导定语从句的when也可以转换成“介词which”的形式。例如： All the Chinese will forever remember the date when on which the Red Five star Flag was raised in Hong Kong 当表示时间的先行词在从句中不作状语，而作主语、宾语或表语时，必须用关系代词that或which引导定语从句，而不是用when。例如： I will never forget the days that/which I spent with your family.,题1Could you suggest a time it would fit you to visit us 题2. Think of a time you were happiest 题3. There was a time all scientists were willing to share their results A that B when C which D where,Find out all the attributive clauses led by “when” in Reading and conclude the rules.,Line 9: The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometres away Line 20: a stage where we have almost no rights at all Line 22: The parts of town in which /where Line 23: The places outside the town where/ in which Line 25: a position in which,关系副词where引导的定语从句,当先行词是表示地点的名词，同时从句中缺状语时，定语从句需要用关系副词where引导。通常where大都可以转换成“介词which”的形式 注意：where不在从句中作主语或宾语。 What is the name of the town where we stayed last night? Think of a place where we can go for dinner. Please leave the book at the place where it was. 比较： Please leave the book where it was.,Grammar-I (3m), 另外，case, condition situation, position(还有point, job, activity) 等表示“情况“的名词也可接where 从句. 这种用法的where 相当于under /in which, 意为”在这种情况下” There are some cases where this rule doesnt work. He had to face the conditions where pressure was heavy They are in a difficult situation where all efforts seemed useless. We have come to a point where some changes have to be made.,Today, well discuss a number of cases_ beginners of English cant use the language properly. 07 陕西 A. which B. as C. why D. where Were just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. （06山东） A. where B. that C. when D. which I have reached a point in my life I am supposed to make decisions of my own. A which B where C how D why,After graduation she reached a point in her life _she needed to decide what to do. 07 江西 A. that B. what C. which D. where Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing. 07天津 A. when B. whose C. which D. where,当从句中不缺状语，而缺主语、宾语或表语时，必须用关系代词that或which引导定语从句，而不是用where。试比较： Do you have anything to say for yourselves? （06江西） Yes，theres one point _ we must insist on Awhy Bwhere Chow D/,3. why(=for which)表示原因，通常跟在reason后引导定语从句并在从句中做原因状语,且可省略。 I dont know the reason why (= for which) he left here. This is the reason why (= for which) he cried. 比较：The teacher was surprised at the reason (that/which) he explained for being late.,4. That作关系副词引导的定语从句, 常修饰先行词way和reason, 这时that 分别相当于in which 和for which ( why) ,在从句中作状语,常常省略。 The way ( that=in which ) he spoke amused us all. We first broke the law in a way which=that is peaceful (可省吗？） The reason ( that=for which) he died was lack of medical care. The reason ( that=which ) he explained is not convincible(可使信服的),What especially impressed us was the way _ our teacher studied foreign language. A. / B. which C. by which D. what What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it . A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which,5. “介词+关系代词”型定语从句,Mandela was a lawyer to whom I went for advice He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people. We were put into a position in which we had to accept we were less important .,介词选择的依据： 根据先行词来选用介词。 He will never forget the day on which he came to Beijing .The reason for which I came here is that I want to get your help. 根据从句中的谓语动词或形容词来选用介词。 The fellow to whom I spoke made no answer at first. The West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous , is a beautiful place. The dog, of which she used to be afraid, is her favorite animal now. 根据“介词+which/whom” 在定从中作用和含义而定. This is the ship in which my son works. This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai.,表中所列关系词除that外都可引导非限定定从。as 与which引导非限制性定语从句, 可以用整个主句作为其先行词，指代上面或下文所说的一件事 . as从句可以前置,位于中间，或后置。（而which从句不可放句首）。 As you know, this is the day the quake happened thirty years ago. (unit4 p30) She is very patient, as is shown in her work. This kind of computer, as is well known, is out of date. The boy knows three languages, which surprise all the people,As（关系代词）引导定语从句. 在从句中做主、宾语。常用于四种结构 suchas the sameas soas ,asas中。,Such people as were praised were all brave. . Such books as I have read are classic works. I have never seen such a talented young man as he is. Id like to use the same tool as is used here.（如用that 则表示同类同一） He was asked so difficult a question as he had never met with. He is as great a painter as ever lived,These houses are sold at such a low price _ people expected. A. like B. as C. that D. which (00春上海) . - Are his songs wonderful? - Certainly. Ive never heard such good songs _ he sings. A. as B. like C. which D. that, Can you solve such problems _ were raised by the audience? what B. as C. that D. which . Dont trust such men _ over praise you to your face. A. as B. that C. who D. which,As 引导非限定性定语从句 课本中例句 As you know, this is the day the quake happened thirty years ago.(unit4) as引导的从句表示说话人对话语的看法、态度、解释或评论，表示 “正如、象、”， 常与动词see, know, hear, remember, say, tell, show, expect, guess搭配；或用于固定词组： as is often the case(情况常常如此)； as often happens(这种情况常常发生)； as has been pointed out(正如已经指出的)； as is reported（ 正如所报道的那样,1: (01) _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 2: (99上海)_is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing. A. Which B. As C . That D. It 3:._is known to all, China will be an_and powerful country in 20 or 30 years time. A. That ; advancing B. This ; advanced C. As ; advanced D. It ; advancing,某些动词(see, find, witness等)主语有时不是人而是物, 即拟人用法, 使句子生动。 1) This old house has seen good days. 2) Dusk (黄昏) found a boy crying in the street.,17. The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of,3) Oct 1,1949, saw/ witnessed the foundation of the Peoples Republic of China.,18. . until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 考点 定语从句中关系副词where的用法 考例 Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing. (天津 2007) A. when B. whose C. which D. where,点拨 题意为“那些成功的聋人舞蹈家认为舞蹈是一项视觉比听觉更为重要的活动”。先行词activity后跟定语从句，从句中where作地点状语，意为“在那种活动中，在那种情况或场合下”。,19. The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people. 考点 定语从句中in + which的用法。 考例 Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger. A. that B. by which C. which D. in which,点拨 由四个选项可知空格处应填入定语从句的引导词。定语从句意为：people were eaten by the tiger in the scene，所以应选D项。,20. put sb. in (into) prison,把关进监狱,be sent to prison (被送进监狱) be in prison (在监狱里) be thrown into prison (被投入监狱) break prison (越狱),prison表示蹲监狱时, 其前不用冠词,throw sb. into prison= send /take sb. to prison,He had been in prison for 20 years . The man was put in prison for stealing a car. Anyone who breaks the law should be thrown into prison. They all went to the prison to visit the prisoners.,类似: bed, church, class, college, hospital, school, university, market,21. either. or.,(两者之中)或 (之一),You may stay either in a hotel or in a private house. I want to visit either Paris or London. Either you or I am wrong. Either of the boys likes singing. Either day is OK.,neithernor,He has neither money nor social position. Neither parent cares what happens to the child. Neither of the boys likes to play such a game.,bothand,Both he and I are wrong. Both of the boys like singing., accept (接受)表示主观上乐意接受。 receive (收到,得到), 表示客观收到, 还不能断定是否接受。 I received his letter of invitation, but I didnt accept it.,22. accept 与 receive的区别：, accept 还表示“答应”、“同意”、“认同” He asked her to marry him and she accepted. receive 还表示“接待”、“接收”、“欢迎” She was received into the club. ,-Have you_ the invitation to the party? -Yes, I have. And Ive _it. A. accepted, received B. received, accepted C. received, received D. accepted, accepted,23. attack vt.,1). 进攻,袭击 The enemy attacked our airport all night. 敌人彻夜都在攻击我们的机场。,2). (努力地)着手干 He tried to attack the problem from different angles. 他试着从各个角度来着手解决这个问题.,24. as a matter of fact 事实上,As a matter of fact, Ive never been there before. 事实上我从未到过那儿。,25. But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal. 考点 equal相等的、平等的 考例 Fitness is important in sport, but of at least _ importance are skills. (天津 2006) A. fair B. reasonable C. equal D. proper,点拨 本题考查形容词作定语的用法。注意: but后的分句为倒装句, 正常语序为 . but skills are of at least _ importance。实际上是把skills和fitness作对比，强调二者同等重要（equal importance）。句意为“虽然健康的体格是从事体育运动的重要条件，但是掌握技能至少也是同等重要的”。,26. in trouble处于困境 与 get into trouble意思相近。 He is a kind friend to everyone in trouble. 他是每一个患难人的好朋友.,27. be willing to do sth. 愿意干某事,willing adj. 愿意的,乐意的 They are willing to come. 他们愿意来。,28. turn to 求助于;转向,We can turn to him for help. 我们可以求助于他。,turn to还可以相当于一个不及物动词，意为“努力干，加劲干”。 拓展 常见的含turn的其他短语： turn down 拒不接受; 把(音量等)调低 turn off 关上 turn on 打开 turn up 出现,从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. I always _ Frank whenever I am in trouble here. A. turn off B. turn to C. turn down D. turn on 2. He was poor but proud, and _ every offer of help. A. turned on B. turned to C. turned off D. turned down,B,D,3. Father is sleeping in the next room. Would you please _ the radio? A. turn off B. turn to C. turn up D. turn on,A,I. 用所给词组的适当形式填空。（有多余选项） out of work; as a matter of fact; blow up; in trouble; break the law; be willing to; turn to; put in prison; be far from 1. The little girl _ a balloon and threw it into the air. 2. The post office is not _ the library, so you can go to the library after posting the letters.,blew up,far from,练习,3. When I am _, I always ask my friends for help. 4. Mary has been _ for three months, and she is looking for a new job. 5. With no one to _ in the dark street, I felt very frightened. 6. Dont ask me about the matter. _, I know nothing about it.,in trouble,out of work,turn to,As a matter of fact,7. He was _ for attacking a man with a knife. 8. I told them that I _ help them finish the difficult task.,was willing to,put in prison,II. 根据括号内所给的提示翻译下列句子。 女孩应该与男孩一样享有平等受教育的权利。 (equal) 2. 吉姆在公园遭到了一名男子的袭击，幸运的是，他没有受伤。(attack),Girls should enjoy equal rights to be educated as boys.,Jim was attacked by a man in the park. Luckily, he wasnt injured.,3. 在过去的十年里中国农村发生了巨大的变化。(sth. see . ),The last / past ten years have seen great changes happening in the countryside of China.,Translation on Page 70,1. As a matter of fact, parents dont want their children to be in trouble. 2. After Mandela came to power and became president, his government did their best to change the unfair situation for black people.,3. Robert was sentenced to three years in prison for stealing and released a month ago.,4. He begged me to let him join the club we have just set up. 5. As they were out of work, Mr and Mrs Black had to turn to their relatives for help.,6.John wanted to give 100 yuan as a reward to the taxi driver who had found his wallet. 7. If you fail, you shouldnt lose heart but just keep on going. 8. After the attack, her eyes filled with terror every time she saw a dog.,1). 为那些遇到麻烦的穷苦人提供咨询服务 2). 开始上学 3). 三公里远 4). 继续支付学费 5). 担心我是否会失业,Homework,1. Translate the following phrases or sentences into English:,6). 过去的三十年 7). 接受低人一等的事实 8). 只有这时我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。 9). 实际上 10). 被监禁 11). 炸毁一些政府大楼 12). 这是为了实现我们的黑人和白人平等的梦想。,2. P71.Using structures EX.2,2. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evening when we should have been asleep. 在午餐的休息时间和晚上我们本应该睡觉的时候他教授我们。 should do & should have done He should have come earlier. You should come earlier tomorrow. You should have written to your mother. My teacher said I should study harder. I should have studied harder when I was young.,should do 表示应该做，一般指现在或将来的动作，指过去的动作时应站在过去的角度。 should have done 表示本应该做而没有做的。站在现在的角度上评说过去的事情。,asleep, sleep & sleepy,-Is he still sleeping? -Yes, he is fast asleep. I was too sleepy to hear the end of her talk. I usually sleep seven hours a day. asleep 是表语形容词，意为“睡着的”。 sleep 是动词或名词，意为“睡觉”。 sleepy 是形容词，意为“打盹的”。,3. As they were not cleverer than me,