大学英语B讲义201312.pptVIP

统考大学英语考前辅导 北京理工大学远程教育学院 Everybody can make it! 练习做透，一次考够！,大学英语B试卷结构及分值分布,大学英语B必过策略,I 交际英语 II 阅读理解 III 词汇与结构 IV 完形填空 V 英译汉 VI 写 作,第一部分：交际用语应试策略,交际用语应试六字三原则： 礼貌（即使是拒绝，一般也会礼貌地给出原因）如： Could you help me with my physics, please? _. A. No, no way B. No, I couldnt C. No, I cant D. Sorry I cant. I have to go to a meeting right now., 相关（具体问题相关回答，不能答非所问） - You know, I have three kids now. - _ A. Well, Ive grown a mustache. B. Thats terrific! C. Say, youve really changed your hair. D. Well, I gave up drinking.,3 肯定（肯定的回应优于否定的。比如，有人请求帮助时，在既可以答应也可以拒绝时，我们一般选择答应帮忙的选项） -Could you look after my dog for me while I am away? -_ A. Yes, here you are. (喏，给你) B. You are welcome. (不客气) C. With pleasure. (乐意为您效劳) D. I dont want to. (我不愿意),with pleasure 和 my pleasure,答应帮忙： With pleasure. 乐意为您效劳 Sure. Yes, of course. 回应 thank you： My pleasure. You are welcome. Not at all. Dont mention it.,1. 对别人表达的祝贺、祝福，一般要用感谢的话回应。对于别人的好事、喜事要表示恭喜或为对方感到高兴。 Congratulations! You won the first prize in todays speech contest. _. A. Yes, I beat the others. B. No, no, I didnt do it well. C. Thank you. D. Its my pleasure.,常见交际功能,2. 如果愿意接受对方的邀请，就直接表达愿意，有时候还要说thank you；如果不愿意接受，一定要给出原因，有时要说sorry., We are going to have a singing party tonight. Would you like to join us? _ A. Im afraid not, because I have to go to an important meeting. B. Of course not. I have no idea. C. No, I cant D. Thats all set.,3对别人的致歉，一般要原谅，说没关系。,-I am sorry for keeping you waiting so long. ( 对不起，让您久等了） - _. A. Thats all right. B. My pleasure. C. Not at all. D. Dont mention it.,原谅别人,回应 sorry: Thats all right. It doesnt matter. Never mind. Its ok.,4. 对他人提出的劝告或者建议，一般应接受并感谢。, Its rather cold in here. Do you mind if I close the window? （这儿有点冷，你介意我关窗吗?) _ A. Yes, please. B. No, go ahead. C. Sure, please. D. I dont like it.,5. 电话用语：,拨电话的人说： -May I speak to Mr. White ？/ Id like to speak to Mr. White. Is Mr. White there, please ? / Is that Mr. White? （我找White/White在吗？） 接电话的人说： Speaking，please. / This is White speaking. / This is White. (我就是 White） 如果你不是对方要找的人，则可以说： Hold/Hang on please . (请稍等，别挂电话) Sorry, he is not in/available. (抱歉，他不在。) Sorry, he is busy at the moment. (抱歉，他现在正忙。),- Hello! May I speak to Jane, please? - _. A. Speaking, please B. Im Jane speaking C. This is Jane speaking to you D. Im Jane,6. 别人提供给你服务时，如果愿意接受对方的帮助，要表示感谢；如果不需要，要说出理由，有时还需感谢对方的好意。,-May I help you? -_. A. Oh, yes, thank you. B. No, you may not. C. Well, I can manage myself. D. Oh, no.,对于服务行业人员提出的有何可以效劳的帮助，可以直接说出需求。,2. -May I help you? -_. A. Yes, you may B. Not at all C. A bottle of ink, please D. NO, you mustnt,7. 问路：如果知道，就直接告诉对方；如果不知道，一般表示抱歉，再给出理由。,3. -Excuse me, but could you tell me the way to the zoo? -_ A. Sorry，but I am a stranger here myself. B. Ok, its not far from here. C. Yes, you go ahead, and Ill follow you. D. Well, walk first, and youll get there.,8. 问询时间,*询问时刻的表达方式： What time is it now？(现在几点钟了？) Whats the time？ Can you tell me the time? Excuse me, but do you have time? *询问“星期几”的表达方式: What day is it today?（今天星期几？） *询问日期(几月几日）的表达方式： Whats the date today?(今天是几号？),别人询问时间时，如果知道就直接告诉对方，如果不知道，要说抱歉，有时要给出原因。 -Can you tell the time? -Sorry, I have no watch on /with me.,第二部分：阅读理解应试策略,一. 阅读技巧：寻读、略读和细读 1.寻读（scanning） 寻读也叫查读，是快速寻找某一特殊信息的阅读方法。它的目的非常明确，即找到所需要的信息。在寻读时，目光要自上而下，一目数行地寻查与题干相关的词句，与此无关的内容要很快掠过。 当回答who, when, where等有关文章细节时，用这种方法很快就能找到答案。,2.略读（skimming） 略读指不纠缠细节内容，不计较生词、复杂句子，快速浏览全文或文章中每一段的首句和尾句，以求抓住文章的大意和主题思想。阅读时速度要快。 当回答文章主旨及判断选项观点正误时，需用此法。,3. 细读（reading for all understanding） 细读或是详读，是在找到文章中的有关部分以后，在此范围内逐句阅读，不仅要理解其字面的意思，还要弄清字里行间所隐含的意思。 回答词义题和细节题时需用此法。,二阅读理解试题类型及应试策略：,1. 主旨题：考查文章的主题、写作意图等。（适用略读法） 常见的提问形式： （1）What is the main/general idea of the passage? （文章的中心思想是什么？) （2）The main theme / topic of the passage is_? （文章的主题是_?） （3）The passage is mainly about_? （文章主要是关于_?）, 常见的提问形式：,4）Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?（下面哪个可以作为文章的标题？） 5）What is the authors main point? （作者的要点是什么？) 应试策略：找出文章的主题句，*段首；*段末；*段首+段末；*中间。,2细节题：考察文章细节与事实（如时间、地点、原因、结果、特征、方式、数字等）（适用寻读法和细读法） 常见的提问方式： （1）According to the passage, who (what, why, when, where) （2）What does the author say about （3）What does the author think of ,（4）According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? （5）In this passage, how many (how much, how often, how long)? 应试策略：快速锁定相关语句，对锁定的语句细读。,3. 推断题：考查逻辑推理问题。这类问题的答案不会直接出现在文章中，而是文章的字里行间中所蕴含的意思。, 常见的提问方式： （1）Which of the following statements is implied but NOT stated? 下面哪一句话是文章暗示的，但不是直接表达出来的意思？ （2）It can be inferred from the passage that_. 从本文中可以推测出_。 （3）It can be concluded from the passage that_. 从文章中可以得出_。 （4）The passage suggests that _. 本文暗示 。 （5）What can we learn from the passage? 从本文中我们得知 。,4.词汇题：考查某些冷僻词的含义, 常见的提问方式： （1）The word “” in line 5 refers to/ most probably means _. 第五行的“”词语指的是/最有可能的意思是_. （2）By “”, the author means _. 作者说“”的意思是_.,（3）The word “” could best be replaced by which of the following? “”这个词最好由下列中的哪一个来代替？ （4）Which of the following is nearest in meaning to “”？ 下列中的哪一个与“”这个词的意思最相近？ （1）利用文章中对该词语的定义来猜测词义。 例1：Such experiences are not unusual for the amateur conchologists, people who collect shells. (贝壳收藏家) 例2：Jack is now a florist, who keeps a shop for selling flowers. (花店店主),（2）利用文章中对该词语的举例来猜测词义。 例1： Today, young couples who are just starting their households often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color TVs. (家用电器) 例2：Finally the enemy surrendered. They threw down their weapons and walked out of home with their hands over heads. (投降),(3)根据对比关系来猜测词语的意思。, 表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有： unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 例：Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast (相反) is quite humble（卑微的/谦恭的）and modest（谦虚的）. 划线单词可以根据后面的对比得知含义： 傲慢的，目空一切。,4）根据词语的同义词来猜测词语的意思。 例：Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. White was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future. 根据前面的endanger,可以推测该词语和endanger近义：危害,5. 关于作者的语气、态度的题目, 常见的提问方式： （1）The author seems _. 作者似乎_. （2）The authors tone（语气，口气）in this passage is_. 在文中，作者的语气是_.？ （3）The writer probably feels that_. 作者很可能感觉_. （4）In the authors opinion,_. 在作者看来， ., 询问语气态度考题中常出现的重要词： pessimistic 悲观的 optimistic 乐观的 subjective 主观的 objective 客观的 enthusiastic 有热情的 indifferent 冷淡的 friendly 友好的 hostile 敌对的 neutral 中立的 satisfied 满意的 disappointed 失望的 sympathetic 同情 critical 批评的 doubtful 怀疑的 positive 肯定的 negative 否定的,第三部分：词汇与结构应试策略,大纲要求第三部分试题为词汇与结构。 总分为15分，考试时间10分钟。 此题共设5个单句，每句3分，共15分。 目的是测试考生运用词汇、短语及语法结构的能力,语法结构考试重点,大纲要求考生重点掌握的语法知识重点： 一动词的时态和语态： 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在进行时、过去进行时等 do / does /did / have done / had done,The class had begun before I got to the classroom. If the class had begun later, I would not have missed it. Had the class begun later, I would not have missed it.,非谓语动词,(to do/to be done/ doing/having done/being done) _with modern facilities, todays libraries differ greatly from those of the past . A. Equipped B. Equipping C. To equip D. Being equipped _ many books, he gets very knowledgeable. A. Read B. Reading C. To read D. Being read,三各种从句（定语/宾语/状语从句）,No matter _, the little sisters managed to round（集中）the sheep up and drive them back home safely. A. it was snowing hard B. hard it was snowing C. how it was snowing hard D. how hard it was snowing,四主谓一致,(谓语动词的单复数,如：is/are/has/have) Both the kids and their parents _ English, I think. I know it from their accent. A. is B. been C. are D. was,there be/ along with/together with/with,There _ a glass and five computers on the desk. A. are B. is Jack, along with his classmates _ fishing by the river every weekend. A. go B. goes,五强调句（it is/wasthat),It was in our University _ we got to know each other and fell in love. A. Where B. when C. Which D. that,六.倒装 (先说谓语，再说主语;先说助词，再说主谓）,1.否定词或有否定意义的词never/ hardly/ seldom 位于句首时要先说助词再说主谓. Never before _ seen such a terrible car accident on the road! A. I have B. have I C. I did D. did I,2. so/neither放句首表示：也;也不,I was satisfied with her explanation, _. A. so my classmates were B. so were my classmates C. so my classmates did D. so did my classmates,第四部分：完形填空应试策略,完形填空，英文又称Cloze。按照网络教育英语考试大纲的要求，在一篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文中留有5个空白. 完形填空题涉及单词、词组、惯用语、语法知识及逻辑搭配., 完形填空答题三步骤：,第一步：速读全文，了解文章梗概。 第二步：边读边选，瞻前亦顾后。 第三步：再读全文，确定所有答案。,Do you know the story about the fox and the grapes? A fox is _21_ food. He is very hungry. Now, he stands near a wall. The wall is very _22_. The fox is looking up. He sees a lot of fine grapes _23_ the wall. He smiles and says, “How nice they are! I want to eat them.“ The fox jumps and jumps, but the wall is too high. He _24_ get the grapes. The fox says, “I must go now. I dont like those grapes. They are green. They are not _25_ to eat.“ (1)、 A：looking for B：good C：on D：high E：cant (2)、A：looking for B：good C：on D：high E：cant (3)、A：looking for B：good C：on D：high E：cant (4)、A：looking for B：good C：on D：high E：cant (5)、A：looking for B：good C：on D：high E：cant,第五部分：英译汉,目的是测试考生的笔译能力。 10分钟翻译4个英文短句成中文。 要求考生： 1对英语原文有准确的理解； 2做到译文通顺、合乎原意。 评分标准要求：译文达意，无重大语言错误。,微调以贴近自然的汉语表达,1.Whoever disobeys the law will be punished. 无论谁违反了法律都要受到惩罚。 2. With all his savings gone, he started to look for a job. 他把积蓄都用完之后就开始找工作。 3. Would you please help me with my homework? 你能帮我做这个作业吗？,英译汉,In an age of plenty, we feel spiritual hunger. 在这个物质财富充裕的时代，我们精神上感到饥渴 All that glitters is not gold. None is 闪光的未必都是金子。 Transistors are small in size and light in weight.晶体管的体积小、重量轻。 John and his brother differ in personality even if their differences in age are not significant. 尽管约翰和他哥哥在年纪上相差不大，但他们的个性却不尽相同。,Please give this book to whoever comes first. 请把这本书给最先来的人。 Though it was late, they kept on working. 尽管已经很晚了，他们还在继续工作。 Tom （人名有可能变成Fred）was such a hardworking student that he soon came out first in the class. 汤姆是一个学习十分用功的学生，以至于不久他就成了班里学习最好的学生。 The students are encouraged by their teacher to do more listening, reading and writing. 老师鼓励学生多听，多读，多写。,The more passions we have, the more happiness we are likely to experience. 我们的激情越多，我们就有可能体验到越多的快乐。 In no other country in the world can you find such plants as this one. 像这种植物在世界上其他任何一个国家都找不到。 Would you please help me with this heavy box? 你能帮我抬一下这个很重的箱子吗？,第六部分：写作策略,一. 大纲要求 网络统考试题的第六部分是短文写作，测试考生综合运用语言的能力。 30分钟内，写一篇不少于80个词的英语短文，总分为15分。,其要求包括能够正确表达思想，语言连贯，无重大语法错误，,具体表现为： 1用较正确的语法、词汇、拼写、标点进行表达； 2基本做到内容切题，结构严谨，条理清楚； 3根据不同的写作目的进行有针对性的写作。,二英语短文写作得分要领,1仔细阅读题目和提纲。 2把需要用的核心单词和短语按顺序罗列出来。 3写作时选用熟悉的句式、短语和单词； 采用一些意义相近的表达，或者干脆换一个角度表述，以避开生词。 4. 注意不要漏掉提纲中的要点，可以少量添加合乎情理的细节，使文章更饱满。 5短文的字数一定要符合要求，否则会影响得分。,三英语短文写作注意事项,1正确使用标点符号及大小写和空格键，尤其是句号和逗号更应清晰。不正确或不恰当地使用标点，会引起意义的模棱两可和含混不清。 2即使写作难以下手也不要交白卷，不给阅卷人作文打零分的机会！, 应试策略：,第一段 1. 写出自己对所给话题的态度或看法。 第二段 First, 要点1/意见/情况3 Second，要点2/自己的意见2 /情况2 Finally, 要点3/自己的意见3/情况3 第三段 So, you see +自己的态度/意见/感觉,A Book I Like,Well, today I would introduce you a book I like. Its named Super Girl. Why do I like the book? Firstly, the story in the book is very interesting. It often makes me laugh a lot. Secondly, I can learn a lot from the story. The story teaches us how to be honest. Finally, my mother bought this book for me for my 18th birthday. It was very beautiful and I will keep it forever. Super Girl, my super book.,The Year of 2009,The year of 2009! Well, I really have many things to do in the year of 2009. Firstly, I want to go to Beijing with my girlfriend to visit the Great Wall on our national holiday. Secondly, I will probably move into a new house in 2009. Thirdly, I want to find a better job in this year, so that I can make more money. You see I really have too many things to do in the year of 2009.,What happened on last New Years Day?,Well, frankly, I really do not like the day. Firstly, on that day, I lost a lot of money on a bus to my workplace, when I had so much work to do on my holiday. Secondly, I broke up with my girlfriend on that day. Finally, I was fired by my boss on that same day. So, you see on that day I lost many valuable things. It made me sad and mad. I really do not like that day.,Letter,你应邀到一位好友家吃晚饭。事后给朋友写信表示谢意。你的信应包括下列内容：1.表达谢意； 2.表达想回请的意愿； 3.期待朋友的光临。 Dear Amy, Thanks for your invitation (邀请) to your home to have dinner last week. I enjoy the food very much. I will hold a big party for my birthday on November 12th, and I will invite a lot of friends to have dinner at m