《说明文写作指导》PPT课件.ppt

2009 级高三 说明文写作指导,How To Improve Writing Skills （2）,说明文具有知识性、科学性、实用性以及条理性等特点，它贵在以简明扼要的语句介绍事物，阐明事理。 我们可以按照说明对象与说明目的的不同，把说明文分为事物说明文和事理说明文两大类，常见人物介绍、地点介绍、路线介绍、物体说明等。这类体裁的文章在高考中考查的不是太多，但不排除其可能性。,说明文概述, 注意说明顺序。要特别讲究文章层次和条理，能反映客观事物本身逻辑顺序。对于不同的说明对象，在组织结构上可按时间、空间、结构、计划安排等来写。 注意说明方法。可采用举例、比较、对比分析、叙述的方式来描述，可采取“先举例，后总结”或者“先总结，后举例”的结构模式。在试题未明确要求的情况下，不需要发表个人主张，不需要抒发个人情感。 注意时态、人称：多用第三人称，一般现在时。,一、物体、地点说明之写作技巧, 文章结构多为三部分：主题 - 主体 - 结语 1. 主题：对要说明的事物简要介绍，或给出其定义，以引入下文。 2. 主体：按题目提供的信息分层次，按一定顺序进行说明，做到条理清楚，层次分明，语言简练，一目了然。要特别注意连接词语、过渡词语的使用。 3. 结语：客观收尾，一或二句话足矣。根据内容确定是否需要。,鼠标是计算机时代最佳的人机交互工具之一。它极大的方便了人们的计算机操作。但是守分依赖鼠标的习惯也会带来一些不得影响。请你以鼠标为切入点，根据下表所提示信息，用英语写一篇短文。,训练实例 1,注意： 1对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。 2词数150左右。开头已经写好，不计入总词数。 3作文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。 The mouse is a most effective device used by people to communicate with a computer. _ _,The mouse is a most effective device used by people to communicate with a computer. For most people, its almost impossible to operate a computer without a mouse, let alone surf the Internet. (A well chosen mouse is really handy, flexible and convenient in controlling the screen.) With the functions of inserting, deleting, moving and copying, it enables us to edit text, browse web pages and download what we want. It can also help us email people, shop online and find friends around the world. A simple click can even bring us a flood of music, movies and PC games. (Just imagine, all this can be done with a cute mouse.),Possible Version,A convenient tool can certainly make our work easier, but it doesnt always help in a positive way. Too much ready information on our fingertips leaves little room for knowledge pursuing. Too many ready answers make us less excited in finding truth. Relying too much on mouse (clicking) makes us lazier and less creative both mentally and physically. 词数：152 / 123,请你根据下面一幅图和一首诗，写一篇说明“书的作用”的短文。 注意：可根据小诗的提示适当增加必要的细节，使内容和意思衔接。词数控制在 80 120 之间。,层层宝库找开来， 黑宝纵横一排排。 能记诸般悠悠事， 不分古今和中外。,训练实例 2,A book is a written work published in printed or electronic form. As everyone knows, it is very useful and interesting for us to read books. By reading books, we can learn what is going on both at home and abroad. We can also know what has happened in the past years or will happen in the future. Books help us to enrich our knowledge. Some useful and helpful books often open our minds and give us new ideas. We understand how to live a happy life and learn newer and better ways of doing things through books. As someone says, “A good book is just like a good friend.” There is a proverb which says, “Live and learn！”,Possible Version,假设 Hero 302B 是一种新式书包，阅读下表内容写一篇介绍性短文，词数100左右。 参考词汇：文具盒 stationery boxes,训练实例 3,As you may know, Hero 302B is a kind of newly designed schoolbag. This kind of bag has quite a few functions. First, books, stationery boxes, glasses and handkerchiefs can be kept in it. Besides, it can tell time and serves as a calculator, which is very convenient for users. Whats more, it can play sweet music for us to get relaxed. The bag weighs only 250 grams and measures 50X30X40 cm, and as a result, it is easy for to carry in had or on back. Obviously it is a good gift for primary or middle school students. 100 words,Possible Version,假定你是李华，学生会干部。最近你校有美国学生来访，请根据以下信息用英语介绍学校的周边服务设施。词数100左右。 1. 学校北边有餐馆、超市、邮局和银行，步行10 分钟就到。 2. 营业时间为全天24小时。 3. 校门口的7路公交车直达医院，两站地。如需急救，电话为120。,请你修改 (选做),Hello, everyone, My name is Li Hua. For your convenient, I would like to tell you something about the surroundings around our school. There is a restaurant, a supermarket, a post office and a bank just north of school, all are within ten minutes walk. All of them are opened 24 hours a day. We are also quite close to a hospital. The No. 7 Bus stops at the school gate is the quickest way there - just two stops form the school. Alternatively, you can dial 120 in hurries. Hoping you a happy stay here.,_,_,_,_,_,_,convenience, facilities, al within, open, emergencies, Wish, 人物介绍通常包括出生时间、地点，家庭背景，教育状况，性格习性，人生经历，简要评价等。通常顺序为(如果有)： 1. 介绍人物身份、地位和知名度。 2. 介绍人物成长足迹。 3. 介绍人物的个性品质、业绩。 4. 曾遇到的困难，成功源于永不放弃的精神。 5. 你的简要评价。,二、人物介绍之写作技巧, 人物成长足迹、业绩和曾遇到的困难是过去发生的事，因此这部分应用过去时态；人物个性品质是长期具有的素质，因此多用一般现在时；人物发展前景是对未来的预测，用将来时。 多从范文中找规律性语言，提高语言规范度。 简单模板： As we all know, sb. is a famous (第1段，身份） On, he was born (第2段，足迹、品质、业绩) However, his success (第3段，困难、态度） Such is sb. (第4段，评价),刘翔是我国著名运动员，阅读下表内容写一篇介绍性短文。词数100左右。 参考词汇：110米栏 110m hurdles,训练实例 4,As is known to all, Liu Xiang is a famous player in China. He was born in Shanghai on July 13, 1983. When he was a child, he was crazy about sports and trained hard. In recent years, he has won great honor for our country. In 2004, at the Athens Olympic Games, he won a gold medal in the mens 110m hurdles. Besides, he broke the world record of this event in 2006. In October, 2009, again he won a gold medal at the 11th Chinese National Games, and the next year, in November, he won another gold medal at the Guangzhou Asia Games. In 2008, Liu Xiang dropped out of the 29th Olympic Games due to the injuries in his feet. Fortunately, after several operations and regular exercise, he has completely recovered form the injuries. Such is Liu Siang, a hardworking and confident player.,Possible Version,1. Champion, p44, (二） 2. 阅读下表内容，写一篇介绍著名乒乓球运动张怡宁 的短文，报道其感人事迹。词数100左右。 参考词汇：世乒赛 the World Table Tennis Championship 世界杯 the Table Tennis World Cup,Assignment,Zhang Yining, born in Beijing in 1982, is a famous table tennis player. Aged only six, she began to play tab