高一英语NelsonMandela课件.ppt

1._fand vt.建立；建设 2._rIpblIk n共和国；共和政体 3_prInspl n法则；原则；原理 4._fi n费(会费、学费等)；酬金 5_li n同盟；联盟；联合会 6._steId n舞台；阶段；时期,7_tk vt.进攻；攻击；抨击 8._IskeIp vi.逃脱；逃走；泄露 n逃跑 9_blkIt n毛毯；毯子 10._be vi.请求；乞求 11_reltIv n亲戚；亲属 12._rIwd n报酬；奖金 vt.酬劳；奖赏 13_pInjn n意见；看法；主张,答案：1.found 2.republic 3.principle 4.fee 5.league 6.stage 7.attack 8.escape 9.blanket 10.beg 11relative 12.reward 13.opinion,1._n质量；品质；性质_n数量 2_adj.积极的；活跃的_adv._n活动 3_adj.慷慨的；大方的_n慷慨；无私_adv.,4_n自我；自身_adj.自私的_adj.无私的；忘我的_adv.无私地；忘我地 5_vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于_adj.忠实的；深爱的_n献身；奉献，忠诚；热心 6_adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的_adv._n. 7_n人类_n(同义词),8_n律师_n法律；法学 9_n指导；领导_vt.& vi._n指导者 10_adj.法律的；依照法律的_adj.(反义词)_adv._n. 11_adj.怀有希望的；有希望的_n_adv._adj.没有希望的；绝望的,12_n青年；青年时期_adj.年青的；年幼的 13_vt.& vi.投票；选举 n投票；选票；表决_n投票人；选举人 14_n暴力；暴行_adj.猛烈的；激烈的；狂暴的；极度的 15_adj.相等的；平等的_adv._n平等 16_adj.乐意的；自愿的_adv._n. 意愿,17_adj.不公正的；不公平的_adv._adj.(反义词) 18_vt.教育；训练_adj._n教育；培养_n教育家 19_n恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动_adj.可怕的；吓人的_adv.,20_n残忍；残酷_adj._adv.残酷地；极，非常,答案：1.quality，quantity 2.active，actively，activity 3.generous，generosity，generously 4.self，selfish，selfless，selflessly 5devote，devoted，devotion 6.peaceful，peacefully，peace 7.mankind，human 8.lawyer，law 9.guidance，guide，guider 10legal，illegal，legally，legality 11.hopeful，hope，hopefully，hopeless 12.youth，young 13.vote，voter,14violence，violent 15.equal，equally，equality 16.willing，willingly，will 17.unfair，unfairly，fair 18educate，educated，education，educator 19.terror，terrible，terribly 20.cruelty，cruel，cruelly,1.失业_ 2.事实上_ 3使充气；爆炸_ 4.在危险、痛苦等的处境中_ 5求助于；致力于_ 6.当权；上台_ 7建立_ 8.被判处(徒刑)_,答案：1.out of work 2.as a matter of fact 3.blow up 4.in trouble 5.turn to 6.come to power 7.set up 8be sentenced to,1.直到他回来后我们才知道真相。(only 置句首) _ 答案：Only when he returned did we find out the truth.,2我每次拜访他，他都很忙。(用each time引导从句) _ 答案：Each time I called on him，he was very busy. 3他已失业六个月了。(用out of work) _ 答案：He has been out of work for six months.,4学生们养成了每天早起的习惯。(用it作形式宾语) _ 答案：The students make it a rule to get up early every morning. 5他们学习比别人困难一些。(用less easily) _ 答案：They learn less easily than others.,一、帮你归纳 1devote vt.把(时间、精力等)贡献给，致力于 devote.to 献身于，专心于 be devoted to 献身于 devote ones attention to 对注意，专心于 devoted adj.忠诚的，忠实的 devotion n献身，忠诚，热心，专心,这样考过 (2009湖北重点联考)Never _ too much time and energy to dressing. Atake Bspend Cdevote Dwaste,解析：这里用devote time and energy to(doing) sth.表示“花时间/精力做某事”，C项在含义和搭配上都符合语境。A项take time to do sth.表示“花时间做某事”，B项搭配应该是spend time(in) doing sth.，D项应该与介词on搭配。 答案：C,2fight vt.& vi.打仗；搏斗；打架 n打仗；打架；争论 fight against.为反对而战 fight for.为争取而战 fight with.与并肩作战；与作斗争 fight over/about.为而争吵 fight back 还击；忍住 fight ones way out/back.打出一条路出去/回去；费力,可能这样考 “We are fighting _ an end to slavery；we wont stop our fight _ slavery until all slaves _，”said Abraham Lincoln. Afor; against; set free Bfor; for; will be set free Cagainst; against; are set free Dfor; against; are set free 答案：D,3out of work 失业(表示状态) out of order 坏了，混乱 out of control 失去控制 out of sight 看不到 out of date 过时/过期 out of patience 失去耐心 out of mind 心不在焉 out of breath 气喘吁吁 out of reach 够不着 out of danger 脱离危险 out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 不可能的,这样考过 (2008天津)At the railway station，the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was _. Aout of sight Bout of reach Cout of order Dout of place,解析：out of sight 意为“看不见，不在视线范围之内”。根据题意“在火车站，妈妈向女儿挥手告别，直到火车看不见了为止”可选择出正确答案。out of reach意为“够不着”；out of order意为“没有秩序的，坏了的”；out of place意为“不在恰当/合适的地方”。 答案：A,4attack n进攻，攻击；抨击，批评；疾病发作；侵袭 vt.& vi. 攻击，抨击，奋力处理(某事) make an attack upon 攻击，向进攻 under attack 遭受袭击,辨析：attack与aggression 作名词时，二者均有“进攻、侵略”之意，具体区别如下： (1)attack 是普通用词，含义广泛，指事先不发警告，主动地向对方发起武力进攻或对言论等进行抨击。 (2)aggression 词义广泛，既可指武装入侵别国领土，又可指文化、经济等方面的侵略，侧重敌意行动和征服的企图。,这样考过 (2009柳州一中)All of us still remember the terrible earthquake that _ Wenchuan. Aattacked Bstruck Cknocked Dexploded 解析：表示自然灾害“侵害”了某地，我们可以用hit或strike，但不可以用attack或knock。attack表示“进攻，袭击”，多表示用武力进攻；knock是“敲打”的意思。 答案：B,5equal adj.相等的；胜任的；平等的；合适的；不相上下的 n相等的事物(或数量)；对手；匹敌 vt.等于；比得上 be equal to 等于，与相等；胜任 be without equal 无比，无敌 feel equal to 能胜任,辨析：same与equal (1)same指“同样的，相同的，实质上不同，但在数量、意义、外表上没有明显区别的”。如： They have the same problem. 他们有同样的问题。 (2)equal 指“在数量、大小、价值、程度等方面不存在差别的”。如： One li is equal to half a kilometer.一里等于半公里。,这样考过 (2009武昌调研)After a month of training，he became_ to the work as a highspeed maglev train driver. Aaddicted Bsensitive Cloyal Dequal 答案：D,6willing adj. 自愿的；愿意的 be willing to do 愿意做 be willing that.(should) 愿意 will n意愿 v决心要做 against ones will 违背某人的意愿 do.with a will 决心做某事 at will 随心所欲 of ones own free will 以自由意愿；自动的 willingly adv.乐意地,辨析：willing，will 与wish willing 是形容词，常作表语或定语，表示“自愿的；乐意的。” will 作为助动词，常作“会，愿”讲；作为名词，意为“意志，决心、愿望或遗嘱”等，侧重表示某人做某事的决心。 wish可作动词或名词，意为“希望，愿望，祝愿”，表示某人希望某事的发生或寄托了某人做某事的希望、愿望或表达祝愿。,这样考过 (2009合肥调研)Their supporters believe in them so deeply that they are _ to go to war in support of them. Awilling Bafraid Canxious Dcurious,解析： 句意为：他们的支持者因为非常信任他们，所以愿意参加战争来支持他们。willing“愿意的”；afraid“害怕的”；anxious“急切的”；curious“好奇的”。故选A。 答案：A,7in trouble 处于困境中；在麻烦中 get into trouble 陷入困境(表动作) ask for trouble 找麻烦 make trouble 闹事；捣乱 spare/save trouble 避免麻烦 have trouble in doing sth.做某事有困难 take great trouble to do sth.费心做某事,8turn to 求助于；致力于 turn back 折回；掉转头 turn down 调低；拒绝 turn into 变成；把变成 turn off 关闭(自来水、煤气等的)开关 turn on 打开(自来水，煤气、灯等的)开关 turn over 打翻；翻身；移交 turn up 调大；出现，到场 in turn 依次；反过来 by turns 依次；轮流,提示：turn to sb. 可以表示为“向某人求助”之意，也可以表示“(把脸)转向(某人)”。turn to sth.“求助于某物”。,这样考过 (2009启东中学)What are you reading，Mike? Im not really reading，just _ the pages. Aturning off Bturning around Cturning over Dturning up 答案：C,(2009河南六市联考)Joe，_ the music.Why _ you dance like crazy at 2 oclock in the morning? Aturn up; could Bturn on; should Cturn down; must Dturn off; would,解析：考查固定短语及情态动词用法。turn up：出现；结果是；turn on：打开；接通；turn down：把关小；把(声音)调低；turn off：关掉；关闭。could：表可能性，常译为“可能”；should：应该(用于表示道义上的责任)；must；必须(用于表示某事必要或应该做)在这是“非要，偏要”的意思；would：将，将会(用于过去将来式)。根据句意可知C项符合题意。 答案：C,9escape vi.逃脱；逃走；泄露 vt.避开；逃避 n逃离；逃脱 escape from/through/over从逃脱 escape (doing) sth.逃脱(做)某事 escape sb.s attention/notice 逃过某人的注意；被某人忽视 theres no escaping (the fact) 不可否认的是；毫无疑问 make ones escape 逃离；溜走,这样考过 (2009郑州预测)The little girl had a lucky _ when the earthquake happened. Achance Bsurprise Chope Descape 解析：语境：当地震发生时，那个小姑娘幸免于难。前面的形容词lucky暗示选escape(逃脱，幸免)。 答案：D,10reward n& v. 报答；报酬；奖赏 as a reward for 作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏 give/offer a reward to sb. for sth.为某事而给某人报酬 in reward of 为酬谢；作为对的奖励 reward sb. with.for sth.为某事而以报答某人 in rewardin return 作为回报/报答 rewarding adj.报答的；有益的,辨析：award，reward与prize (1)award和reward都可以用作名词和动词。作名词时，意义相近，但不是同义词，award意思是“奖品，奖金”，与prize近似，都指因为作出杰出成就而受奖；reward意为“赏金，酬金，奖励，报酬”。如： The Olympic winner received a gold medal as an award. 这个奥运冠军得到了一枚金牌作为奖励。 He won the second award of $2,000. 他获得了第二名，得了2,000美元奖金。,We will offer a reward of $10,000 for information about the case. 如果有人提供有关案件的线索，我们愿意出一万美元赏金。,(2)用作动词时，award意思是“授予，颁发，判给”。reward 则表示“报答，酬谢”，构成的搭配有reward sb. for sth./doing sth.，意思是“因为某事而奖励某人”。如： He was awarded the first prize for Outstanding Industrial Design. 他获得了“杰出工业设计”一等奖。 The judge awarded him $20,000 as damages. 法官判给他两万美元作为赔偿费。,You should reward them according to their devotion. 你应该对他们论功行赏。 Is that how you reward me for my help? 你就这样来报答我对你的帮助吗？ (3)reward 也可以用于比喻义。如： I would feel simply rewarded if my book could be of some help to the readers. 如果我的书对读者有所帮助的话，我就心满意足了。,(4)prize作名词，意为“奖励，奖赏，奖品，奖金”；作动词，意为“珍视，高度重视”；作形容词，意为“优秀的，典范的”。如： We were born in an era when honesty was prized above all other virtues. 我们出生在一个诚实位于一切道德之上的时代。,这样考过 (2009湖北重点联考)You deserve a day off as a(n) _ for working so hard. Areward Baward Creturn Dholiday 解析：语境：你工作这么努力，给你放假一天作为奖励。reward表示做了某事而得到“报酬，奖赏”，award表示“奖励，犒赏”，其他选项的含义：C“回报”；D“假日”。 答案：A,11set up 设立，建立 set about 开始做 set apart 使与众不同；留出，拨出(专用) set aside 把放在一边；省出，留出 set down 写下，记下 set forth 陈述，阐明 set off 出发，动身；使爆炸；引起，激发 set out 出发，动身；摆放，陈列；开始，着手,提示：set about doing sth.set out to do sth.“开始做某事”；set out 和set off 表示“动身，出发”到某目的地，其后用for而不用to。,这样考过 (2009湖北八校联考)The incident _ a chain of events which resulted in the outbreak of World War . Aset off Bset aside Cset about Dset down 答案：A,(2009华师大一附中)In time of war，different parties tend to _ their political differences to fight against foreign invaders shoulder to shoulder. Apick up Brelate to Cset aside Dgive away 解析：set aside 抛在或放在一边，搁置之意。 答案：C,二、帮你解疑 1I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次我向(参观)小组谈论(罗本岛监狱的情况)时，心里觉得很不好受。 提示：the first/second/last time 本是名词短语，但有时可以用做连词词组，引导时间状语从句。 The first time she saw Tom，he was lying in bed. 她第一次看到汤姆的时候，他躺在床上。 可引导时间状语从句的名词短语还有：,every time.每当 the next time.下次的时候 the moment/minute/second/instant.一就 The moment I saw her，I knew she was an honest girl. 我一看见她，就知道她是个诚实的女孩。 The minute I see him，Ill tell him this. 我一看到他，就会告诉他这件事。 提示：该类短语引导的时间状语从句常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。,这样考过 (2009邯郸模拟)The girl still remembers that she was too nervous _ she gave a speech in the face of such a big crowd. Aat the first time Bthe first time Cfor the first time Dat first,解析：the first time“第一次”，用作conj.，引导时间状语从句；for the first time“第一次”，用作时间状语，其后不能加句子；at first“首先”。由句意知其后为时间状语从句，故选B。 答案：B,2The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.近三十年来，通过大量的法律来阻止我们的权利和进步，致使今天我们到了几乎没有任何权利的地步。 see，find，witness 等词可用物作主语，以拟人手法增添语言色彩，see 可译为“(在某段时期)发生(某情况)，经历，经受”。,The city has seen many changes. 城市历经了许多变化。 Dusk saw a little boy crying in the street. 傍晚一个小男孩在街上哭泣。 The following year saw the death of both his sisters. 第二年他的两个姊妹都死了。 They came to the corner which had seen many accidents. 他们来到了那个发生过许多次事故的拐角处。,3only 置于句首的倒装 only 放在句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或从句)时，主句需要部分倒装。 Only in this way can you learn English well. 只有用这种方法你才能学好英语。 Only when he came back from work did I go to bed last night. 昨天晚上直到他下班回来我才上床睡觉。 Only when the war was over was he able to return home.,只有战争结束时他才能够回到家里。 Only recently have I thought of them. 直到最近我才想起他们。 提示：如果置于句首的由only 引导的词语不是状语就不用倒装。 Only some of the children seemed to have understood it. 似乎只有一部分孩子明白。,这样考过 (2009平顶山质检)Only when I failed in the entrance examinations _ I should have followed my teachers advice. Ahad I realized Bhave I realized Crealized I Ddid I realize 解析：此题考查倒装。句意为“只有当我没有通过入学考试时，我才意识到应该听从我的老师的意见”。 答案：D,4less形容词原级than “不像；不是” Joseph is less honest than his brother. 约瑟夫不像他兄弟那样诚实。 less than 少于 none the less 仍然；依旧；尽管如此 more or less 大体上；大约；或多或少,提示：less.than.与not so.as.意思相同，但后者更常用。如： He is less clever than his younger brother. He is not so clever as his younger brother. 他不及他弟弟聪明。,辨析：no less than，not less than与no less.than (1)no less than 不下(与no more than相对)。如： He has no less than 1,000 dollars. 他拥有不下1,000美元。 (2)not less than 至少(与not more than相对)。如： He has not less than 1,000 dollars. 他至少有1,000美元。,这样考过 (2009岳阳一中)_ most people in the west of China are _ than those in the east. ASomeway；less badly off BAnyway; less well off CWhatever；more badly off DAnyhow；well off,解析：本题考查less构成的比较级的用法。句意：不管怎样，中国西部大多数人比东部的穷。第一空用anyway，anyhow都可以，意为“不管怎样”；第二空应用比较级，根据实际情况应用less well off(不富有)。well off 为“富有的”，less well off than.意为“不如富有”。badly off 意为“穷的”。 答案：B,三、语法重点 本单元主要学习关系副词和“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句。where引导的定语从句修饰一个表示地点的名词，where是副词，在从句中作地点状语，其作用相当于“介词关系代词”；when 引导的定语从句修饰一个表示时间的名词，when是副词在从句中作时间状语，其作用相当于“介词关系代词”。 “介词关系代词”引导定语从句主要用于正式文体，关系代词有which，whom和whose；介词的选用取决于其与从句中谓语动词的搭配和介词与先行词的搭配。,这样考过 (2009北京)What do you think of teaching，Bob? I find it fun and challenging.It is a job_ you are doing something serious but interesting. Awhere Bwhich Cwhen Dthat,解析：句意：鲍勃，你认为教书怎么样？我觉得不仅有趣而且具有挑战性。它是一份严谨而有趣的工作。此题考查定语从句。先行词是a job，把先行词带入从句为：in the job you are doing something serious but interesting，此时wherein which，故选A。 答案：A,(2009上海)Mozarts birthplace and the house _ he composed “The Magic Flute” are both museums now. Awhere Bwhen Cthere Dwhich 解析：句意：莫扎特的出生地以及他谱写“The Magic Flute”所使用的房子现在都成了博物馆。本题考查了定语从句引导词的运用。the house 在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用wherein which。 答案：A,(2009四川)Shell never forget her stay there _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. Athat Bwhich Cwhere Dwhen 解析：句意：在那里逗留期间，她找到了失散两年的儿子，那段时光令她难忘。此题考查定语从句，先行词为stay，代入定语从句后为：She found her son who had gone missing two years before during her stay there. 答案：D,(2009江苏)Because of the financial crisis，days are gone _ local 5star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. Aif Bwhen Cwhich Dsince 解析：句意：由于经济危机，在当地五星级酒店住一个晚上就要6,000元的日子一去不复返了。when local 5star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night 作days的定语，关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语。 答案：B,(2009陕西)Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time. Aof which Bwith which Cabout which Dinto which,解析：句意：枪支控制是美国人争论了很长时间的一个话题。此题考查“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句。先行词为subject，带入定语从句后为：Americans have argued about the_subject for a long time.由此可知，先行词在定语从句中作about的宾语，介词about提前，故用关系代词which。 答案：C,(2009苏中四市联考)Our goal is to build a harmonious society _ all people are well educated，workers well paid，patients well treated，elders well tended，and families well accommodated. Awhich Bthat Cin which Din that,解析：考查定语从句。此空缺少一个引导定语从句修饰先行词society的关系词，由句后知定语从句缺少一个作地点状语的关系副词，综合选项in whichwhere，故C为正确选项。 答案：C,(2009湖南十校联考)In the flats Tom was the only man from _ bedroom the thief had stolen much money. Awhose Bwhom Cwho Dwhere 解析：考查定语从句。bedroom与先行词之间存在所属关系，故用表所属关系的whose来引导定语从句，whose本身作定语，修饰bedroom。 答案：A,1(2010合肥168中)Do you mind if I smoke here, madam? _， sir. AOf course not. Its not allowed here BGreat! Id rather do that myself C. Id rather you didnt, actually D. No, you cant 答案：C,2(2010池州七校联考)Youve never been to the village, have you? _.It is the most beautiful village Ive ever seen. ANo, never BNo, I have CNo, only once DYes, only once 答案：D,3(2010长春调研)Hello! Is Mr. Fred available? _ AI am Mr Fred. B. Speaking. CWho are you? D. Who are you looking for? 答案：B,4(2010泰州三校期末)Excuse me，can you show me the way to the Water Cube? Sorry，I am not a native of Beijing，you can ask the volunteer over there. _. ANo problem BIt doesnt matter CThanks anyway DGood idea 答案：C,5(2010抚顺六校二模拟)Thank you ever so much for the present you brought me. _. ANo, thanks BIm glad you like it CPlease dont say so DNo, its not so good 答案：B,(2009全国) One of my fathers favorite sayings as I was growing up was “Try it！” I couldnt say I didnt like _1_，whatever it might be，_2_ I tried it.Over the years Ive come to_3_ how much of my success I owe to my _4_ of those words as one of my values.My _5_ job was just one I decided to try for a couple of years until I _6_ what I wanted to do as a career(职业),_7_ I believed I would work for a few years，get married，stay home and raise a family，so I didnt think the job I took _8_ that much.I couldnt have been more _9_.I mastered the skills of that beginning level position and I was given the opportunity (机会)to _10_ through the company into different _11_.,I accepted each new opportunity with the _12_，“Well，Ill try it; if I dont like it I can always go back to my _13_ position.”But I was with the same company for the past 28 years，and Ive _14_ every career change Ive made.Ive discovered I _15_ a large number of different talents(才能)and skills that I never would have thought were within me had it not been for my being _16_ trying new opportunities.Ive also discovered that if I _17_ what Im doing and work hard at achieving my _18_.I will succeed.,Thats why I am so _19_ to be a part of CareerF.I think _20_ has come and I am determined to make it a success.,1A.everything Bsomething Ceverybody Dsomebody 2A.until after Bever since Cso that Dlong before 3A.consider Bargue Cinclude Drealize 4A.suggestion Bexplanation Cacceptance Ddiscussion 5A.hard Bbest Cextra Dfirst,6A.determined Bexamined Cexperienced Dintroduced 7A.Actually BGradually CFinally DUsually 8A.helped