主谓一致的练习课件.ppt

Grammar,Agreement,主谓一致的原则：,语法一致，,意义一致，,就近原则,主谓一致的用法：,1. 并列结构作主语时：,1) 由and连接的两个单数形式的名词词组作主语时，谓语动词一般 根据语法一致的原则用复数形式。但如果在意义上指同一个人、同 一件事或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式, A young man and a girl want to go there., The premier and foreign minister was there.,3) 用and连接的不定式短语或主语从句，若构成单一概念时，谓语 动词用单数, Early to rise and early to go to bed is a good habit.,2) 有时用and连接的两个单数主语，谓语动词单复数均可, Three and five makes/ make eight., Time and tide waits/wait for no man.,4)由each and each; every and every; no and no 引导的名词结构,谓语动词用单数,At Christmas, each boy and each girl is given a present.,5)一个单数名词同时被两个不同的形容词修饰，用以表示两个不同 的事物时，谓语动词用复数；若该名词指同一个人或物时，谓语动 词用单数, The Chinese and Japanese language have something in common., The steel and iron industry plays an important role in national economy.,6)由not onlybut also, eitheror, neithernor或or连接的并列 主语，谓语动词采取就近一词原则, Either you or I am mad., Neither the teacher nor the students know the news.,7)当主语后面跟有 as well as, along with, together with, as much as, rather than, no less than, more than等连词引导的词组时；, but, besides, except, in addition to, like, with等介词连接的词组,谓语动词的单复数由主语决定, The captain, as well as the coaches, was disappointed in the team., Tom, along with his friends, goes skating every Saturday., The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the loss.,2.不定代词作主语时,1) all作主语表示人时，谓语动词用复数；表示物时，用单数。, All are eager to reach an agreement., All is ready for the reception.,2) “either/ neither of + 复数名词或代词”作主语时，谓语动词 用单数。, Has either of your parents visited you?, Neither of them wants to come.,3) both作主语，谓语动词用复数。,Both of the answers are correct.,3.分数、百分数作主语时,“percent /几分之几+ of +C.n.pl. /group n.”作主语，用复数； “percent /几分之几+ of +C.n.single /U.n.”作主语，用单数。, 40% of the students in our school are girls., 40% of the work has been done., Two-thirds of the area is covered by trees., Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan.,4.表示“全体、许多、部分、一半”等意义的词语作 主语时,most, the rest, the last, the remainder作主语时，若指的 是复数意义，谓语动词用复数；若指的是单数意义，用单数。, Three of us will go; the rest are to stay here. The rest of the lecture is interesting., The last southward wild geese are gone. The last of the wine is gone.,2) town, city, country, village, school等作主语，分别表示 总称的镇民、全体居民、国民或村民时，谓语动词用单数。 这些名词前常有the或whole修饰。, The whole village is going to the old mans funeral today., The whole school hopes that its football team will win the match.,3) lots of, heaps of, loads of, plenty of, a great deal of, a lot of, half of作主语时，谓语动词取决于 of其后的名词的单复数形式。, Loads of big apples are on the ground., A lot of fresh milk was given to them., Half of work is done. Half of the books are novels., Plenty of the money comes from donations. Plenty of the members are willing to go there.,4) “one and a half +C.n.pl.”作主语，用单数； “one or two +C.n.pl.”作主语，用复数。, One and a half days is all I can spare. One or two days are enough to see the city.,5.名词化的形容词作主语时,1) “the +形容词或过去分词”:指一类人或物,用复数; 指某一个人或抽象概念，用单数。, Only the poor know what poverty means., The departed was a good friend of his.,2) the above, the aforesaid, the below, the former, the latter等表示 前后照应的词组，应根据所指对象决定动词的单复数。, The above is/ are the most important fact/ facts., Of pigs and cows, the former are less valuable.,6.形式为复数、意义为单数的名词作主语,1)表示度量、时间、价格的名词作主语，把其看做一个整体，谓语 动词用单数, Ten dollars is not enough., Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me.,2)以-ics结尾表示学科的名词作主语，通常表示单数意义，谓语 动词用单数, Physics is taught by George Yang., Mathematics is an important subject.,3) trousers, pants, tongs, glasses, scissors, compasses等作主语 时，谓语动词用复数；但这类名词用a pair of时，谓语动词用单数。, Her glasses are new., This pair of scissors was made in Hangzhou.,4)书名、组织名、国家名或格言作主语时，谓语动词用单数； 表示山脉、群岛、瀑布的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。, The Arabian Nights is read all over the world., The Alps rise over four countries.,5) headquarters, means, series, species, works等作主语时，谓语 动词的单复数由主语的意义决定, Every possible means has been tried. All possible means have been tried.,6) arms, contents, fireworks, goods, morals, oats, riches, stairs, suburbs, surroundings, thanks, wages等作主语，谓语动词用复数, The contents of this book are most interesting., The surroundings here are usually quiet.,7. the number of, many a 等作主语时,1) the number of作主语，谓语动词用单数； a number of作主语，谓语动词用复数。, The number of the people who own cars is increasing every year. A large number of people have applied for the job.,2) many a, more than one +C.n.single作主语， 谓语用单数, Many a student has made the mistake. There is more than one answer to your question.,8.集体名词作主语,1) cattle, militia, police, clerk, poultry, vermin等作主语，用复数,2) audience, board, class, crew, committee, family, government, team, group等作主语时，把其看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数； 指集体名词中的各个成员时，用复数。,The committee has considered your request. The committee are divided in their opinion.,3)有些以-ch, -ese, -iss, -sh结尾的表示国家、民族的a.与定冠词the 连用，指整个民族，表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数。,The Chinese are kind and friendly.,9. one of +复数名词+定语从句,谓语动词一般为复数，但one被the only或any等词修饰的时候， 谓语动词用单数,This is one of the rooms that were damaged in the fire. This is the only one of his short stories that is not well written.,10.从句作主语时,1.在“主语+连系动词+表语”的结构中，若what引导的从句作主语， 表语又是单数，谓语动词用单数；若表语是复数，就用复数。,What hed like most for a birthday present is a camera. What his father left him are a few English books