电子信息工程专业外语7.ppt

0,Introduction,Interest in digital image processing methods stems from two principal application areas: improvement of pictorial for human interpretation; and processing of image data for storage, transmission, and representation for autonomous machine perception.,stems from,1,Words,Stem: the main thin part of a plant above the ground from which the leaves or flowers grow. Stem from: be the result of sth. 是的结果；起源于，根源是 e.g. Most peoples insecurities stem from something that happened in their childhood.,2,Introduction,Interest in digital image processing methods stems from two principal application areas: improvement of pictorial for human interpretation; and processing of image data for storage, transmission, and representation for autonomous machine perception.,stems from,interpretation,解释，说明,3,Introduction,Interest in digital image processing methods stems from two principal application areas: improvement of pictorial for human interpretation; and processing of image data for storage, transmission, and representation for autonomous machine perception.,stems from,interpretation,storage,存储,解释，说明,4,Introduction,Interest in digital image processing methods stems from two principal application areas: improvement of pictorial for human interpretation; and processing of image data for storage, transmission, and representation for autonomous machine perception.,stems from,interpretation,storage,transmission,传输，传送,解释，说明,存储,5,Introduction,Interest in digital image processing methods stems from two principal application areas: improvement of pictorial for human interpretation; and processing of image data for storage, transmission, and representation for autonomous machine perception.,stems from,interpretation,storage,transmission,representation,表示，显示,传输，传送,解释，说明,存储,6,Introduction,Interest in digital image processing methods stems from two principal application areas: improvement of pictorial for human interpretation; and processing of image data for storage, transmission, and representation for autonomous machine perception.,stems from,interpretation,storage,transmission,representation,autonomous,存储,表示，显示,传输，传送,解释，说明,7,Words,Autonomous： 1 (of a country, a region or an organization) able to govern itself or control its own affairs; 2 (of a person) able to do things and make decisions without help from anyone else.,2 (of a person) able to do things and make decisions without help from anyone else.,8,Introduction,Interest in digital image processing methods stems from two principal application areas: improvement of pictorial for human interpretation; and processing of image data for storage, transmission, and representation for autonomous machine perception.,stems from,interpretation,storage,transmission,representation,autonomous,perception,知觉，感知,传输，传送,解释，说明,存储,表示，显示,9,Introduction,Interest in digital image processing methods stems from two principal application areas: improvement of pictorial for human interpretation; and processing of image data for storage, transmission, and representation for autonomous machine perception.,Interest,stems from,areas,10,Introduction,Interest in digital image processing methods stems from two principal application areas: improvement of pictorial for human interpretation; and processing of image data for storage, transmission, and representation for autonomous machine perception.,数字图像处理方法的研究源于两个主要应用领域：其一是为了 人们分析而对图像信息进行改进；其二是为使机器自动理解而 对图像数据进行存储、传输及显示。,11,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,An image may be defined as a two-dimensional function, f(x, y), where x and y are spatial coordinates, and the amplitude of f at any pair of coordinates (x, y) is called the intensity or gray level of the image at that point. When x, y and the amplitude values of f are all finite, discrete quantities, we call the image a digital image.,two-dimensional,二维,12,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,An image may be defined as a two-dimensional function, f(x, y), where x and y are spatial coordinates, and the amplitude of f at any pair of coordinates (x, y) is called the intensity or gray level of the image at that point. When x, y and the amplitude values of f are all finite, discrete quantities, we call the image a digital image.,two-dimensional,coordinates,坐标,二维,13,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,An image may be defined as a two-dimensional function, f(x, y), where x and y are spatial coordinates, and the amplitude of f at any pair of coordinates (x, y) is called the intensity or gray level of the image at that point. When x, y and the amplitude values of f are all finite, discrete quantities, we call the image a digital image.,two-dimensional,coordinates,强度,intensity,二维,坐标,14,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,An image may be defined as a two-dimensional function, f(x, y), where x and y are spatial coordinates, and the amplitude of f at any pair of coordinates (x, y) is called the intensity or gray level of the image at that point. When x, y and the amplitude values of f are all finite, discrete quantities, we call the image a digital image.,two-dimensional,coordinates,灰度,intensity,gray level,二维,坐标,强度,15,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,An image may be defined as a two-dimensional function, f(x, y), where x and y are spatial coordinates, and the amplitude of f at any pair of coordinates (x, y) is called the intensity or gray level of the image at that point. When x, y and the amplitude values of f are all finite, discrete quantities, we call the image a digital image.,and,where,when,16,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,An image may be defined as a two-dimensional function, f(x, y), where x and y are spatial coordinates, and the amplitude of f at any pair of coordinates (x, y) is called the intensity or gray level of the image at that point. When x, y and the amplitude values of f are all finite, discrete quantities, we call the image a digital image.,一幅图像可定义为一个二维函数f(x, y)，这里x和y是空间坐 标，而在任何一对空间坐标(x,y)上的幅值f称为该点图像的强度 或灰度。当x,y和幅值f为有限的、离散的数值时，称该图像为 数字图像。,17,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,Vision is the most advanced of our senses, so it is not surprising that images play the single mo- st important role in human perception. Howev-er, unlike humans, who are limited to the visual band of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum, imaging machines cover almost the entire EM spectrum, ranging from gamma to radio waves.,senses,18,Words,sense： 1 one of the five powers (sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch) that your body uses to get information about the world around you; 2 a feeling about sth important; 3 an understanding about sth; an ability to judge sth.,1 one of the five powers (sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch) that your body uses to get information about the world around you;,19,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,Vision is the most advanced of our senses, so it is not surprising that images play the single mo- st important role in human perception. Howev-er, unlike humans, who are limited to the visual band of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum, imaging machines cover almost the entire EM spectrum, ranging from gamma to radio waves.,electromagnetic (EM) spectrum,电磁波谱,senses,20,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,Gamma rays,X-rays,Ultraviolet,Visible,Infrared,Microwaves,Radio waves,21,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,Vision is the most advanced of our senses, so it is not surprising that images play the single mo- st important role in human perception. Howev-er, unlike humans, who are limited to the visual band of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum, imaging machines cover almost the entire EM spectrum, ranging from gamma to radio waves.,电磁波谱,electromagnetic (EM) spectrum,22,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,Vision is the most advanced of our senses, so it is not surprising that images play the single most important role in human perception. However, unlike humans, who are limited to the visual band of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum, imaging machines cover almost the entire EM spectrum, ranging from gamma to radio waves.,视觉是人类最高级的感知器官，所以，毫无疑问图像在人类感 知中扮演着最重要的角色。然而，人类感知只限于电磁波谱的 视觉波段，成像机器则可覆盖几乎全部电磁波谱，从伽马射线 到无线电波。,23,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,They can operate on images generated by sources that humans are not accustomed to associating with images. These include ultrasound, electron microscopy, and computer-generated images. Thus, digital image processing encompasses a wide and varied field of applications.,ultrasound,超声波,24,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,They can operate on images generated by sources that humans are not accustomed to associating with images. These include ultrasound, electron microscopy, and computer-generated images. Thus, digital image processing encompasses a wide and varied field of applications.,ultrasound,electron microscopy,电子显微镜,超声波,25,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,They can operate on images generated by sources that humans are not accustomed to associating with images. These include ultrasound, electron microscopy, and computer-generated images. Thus, digital image processing encompasses a wide and varied field of applications.,ultrasound,electron microscopy,包含，包括，涉及,encompasses,超声波,电子显微镜,26,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,They can operate on images generated by sources that humans are not accustomed to associating with images. These include ultrasound, electron microscopy, and computer-generated images. Thus, digital image processing encompasses a wide and varied field of applications.,27,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,They can operate on images generated by sources that humans are not accustomed to associating with images. These include ultrasound, electron microscopy, and computer-generated images. Thus, digital image processing encompasses a wide and varied field of applications.,它们可以对不是人类习惯的那些图像源进行加工，这些图像源 包括超声波、电子显微镜及计算机产生的图像。因此，数字图 像处理涉及各种各样的应用领域。,28,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,There is no general agreement among authors regarding where image processing stops and other related areas, such as image analysis and computer vision, start. Sometimes a distinction is made by defining image processing as a discipline in which both the input and output of a process are images.,computer vision,计算机视觉,29,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,There is no general agreement among authors regarding where image processing stops and other related areas, such as image analysis and computer vision, start. Sometimes a distinction is made by defining image processing as a discipline in which both the input and output of a process are images.,插入语,30,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,There is no general agreement among authors regarding where image processing stops and other related areas, such as image analysis and computer vision, start. Sometimes a distinction is made by defining image processing as a discipline in which both the input and output of a process are images.,图像处理涉及的范畴或其他相关领域（例如图像分析和计算机 视觉）的界定在初创人之间并没有一致的看法。有时用处理的 输入和输出内容都是图像这一特点来界定图像处理的范围。,31,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,We believe this to be a limiting and somewhat artificial boundary. For example, under this definition, even the trivial task of computing the average intensity of an image would not be considered an image processing operation.,artificial,人为的，人造的,32,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,We believe this to be a limiting and somewhat artificial boundary. For example, under this definition, even the trivial task of computing the average intensity of an image would not be considered an image processing operation.,artificial,不重要的，琐碎的，微不足道的,trivial,33,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,We believe this to be a limiting and somewhat artificial boundary. For example, under this definition, even the trivial task of computing the average intensity of an image would not be considered an image processing operation.,trivial task,34,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,We believe this to be a limiting and somewhat artificial boundary. For example, under this definition, even the trivial task of computing the average intensity of an image would not be considered an image processing operation.,我们认为这一定义仅是人为的界定和限制。例如，在这个定义 下，甚至最普通的计算一幅图像灰度平均值的工作都不能算做 是图像处理。,35,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,On the other hand, there are fields such as computer vision whose ultimate goal is to use computer to emulate human vision, including learning and being able to make inferences and take action based on visual inputs.,such as,whose,including,learning,being able to make inferences,take action based on visual inputs,插入语,36,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,On the other hand, there are fields such as computer vision whose ultimate goal is to use computer to emulate human vision, including learning and being able to make inferences and take action based on visual inputs.,另一方面，有些领域（如计算机视觉）研究的最高目标是用 计算机模拟人类视觉，包括学习、推理，根据视觉输入采取 行动。,37,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,This area itself is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) whose objective is to emulate human intelligence. The area of image analysis (also called image understanding) is in between image processing and computer vision.,38,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,This area itself is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) whose objective is to emulate human intelligence. The area of image analysis (also called image understanding) is in between image processing and computer vision.,这一领域本身是人工智能的分支，其目的是模仿人类智能。 图像分析（也称为图像理解）领域则处在图像处理和计算 机视觉两个学科之间。,39,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,There are no clear-cut boundaries in the continuum from image processing at one end to computer vision at the other. However, one useful paradigm is to consider three types of computerized processes in this continuum: low-, mid-, and high-level processes.,continuum,连续闭区间,40,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,There are no clear-cut boundaries in the continuum from image processing at one end to computer vision at the other. However, one useful paradigm is to consider three types of computerized processes in this continuum: low-, mid-, and high-level processes.,continuum,paradigm,典范，范例,连续闭区间,41,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,There are no clear-cut boundaries in the continuum from image processing at one end to computer vision at the other. However, one useful paradigm is to consider three types of computerized processes in this continuum: low-, mid-, and high-level processes.,从图像处理到计算机视觉这个连续的统一体内并没有明确的 界限。然而，在这个连续的统一体中可以考虑三种典型的计 算处理（即低级、中级和高级处理）来区分其中的各个学科。,42,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,Low-level processes involve primitive operati-ons such as image preprocessing to reduce noise, contrast enhancement, and image sharpening. A low-level process is characterized by the fact that both its inputs and outputs are images.,reduce noise,去噪,43,44,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,Low-level processes involve primitive operati-ons such as image preprocessing to reduce noise, contrast enhancement, and image sharpening. A low-level process is characterized by the fact that both its inputs and outputs are images.,reduce noise,contrast enhancement,增强对比度,去噪,45,46,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,Low-level processes involve primitive operati-ons such as image preprocessing to reduce noise, contrast enhancement, and image sharpening. A low-level process is characterized by the fact that both its inputs and outputs are images.,reduce noise,contrast enhancement,image sharpening,图像锐化,去噪,增强对比度,47,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,Low-level processes involve primitive operations such as image preprocessing to reduce noise, contrast enhancement, and image sharpening. A low-level process is characterized by the fact that both its inputs and outputs are images.,低级处理涉及初级操作，如降低噪声的图像预处理，对比度增强和图像锐化。低级处理是以输入、输出都是图像为特点的处理。,48,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,Mid-level processing on images involves tasks such as segmentation (partitioning an image into regions or objects), description of those objects to reduce them to a form suitable for computer processing, and classification (recognition) of individual objects.,segmentation,分割,49,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,Mid-level processing on images involves tasks such as segmentation (partitioning an image into regions or objects), description of those objects to reduce them to a form suitable for computer processing, and classification (recognition) of individual objects.,中级处理涉及分割（把图像分为不同区域或目标)以及缩减对目标的描述，以使其更适合计算机处理及对不同目标的分类（识别）。,50,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,A mid-level process is characterized by the fact that its inputs generally are image, but its outputs are attributes extracted from those images (e.g., edges, contours, and the identify of individual objects).,attributes,属性,51,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,A mid-level process is characterized by the fact that its inputs generally are image, but its outputs are attributes extracted from those images (e.g., edges, contours, and the identify of individual objects).,中级图像处理是以输入为图像，但输出是从这些图像中提取的特征（如边缘、轮廓及不同物体的标识等）位特点的。,52,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,Finally, higher-level processing involves “make sense” of an ensemble of recognized objects, as in image analysis, and, at the far end of the continuum, performing the cognitive functions normally associated with vision.,sense,make,53,Words,Make sense：to understand sth that is difficult or no clear meaning.,54,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,Finally, higher-level processing involves “make sense” of an ensemble of recognized objects, as in image analysis, and, at the far end of the continuum, performing the cognitive functions normally associated with vision.,as,55,1.1 What Is Digital Image Processing?,Finally, higher-level processing involves “make sense” of an ensemble of recognized objects, as in image analysis, and, at the far end of the continuum, performing the cognitive functions normally associated with vision.,最后，高级处理涉及在图像分析中被识别物体的总体理解，以及执行与视觉相关的识别函数（处在连续统一体边缘）等。,56,