《趣谈英语委婉语》PPT课件.ppt

,Warmly Welcome To My lecture,趣谈英语委婉语 ( Euphemism),请同学们先来欣赏下面四个短语： 一位先生从桌子旁站起，彬彬有理地向人们说他得去“see a man about a dog”一位青年人在大白天在大街上闲逛，原因是他们”at liberty”;有个孩子被妈妈关在家里，因为他正“in his birthday suit”某位官员把下属请去作一”polygragh interview”-这里使用的都是委婉语 1。See a man about a dog -go to WC 2. at liberty-out of work 3. in his birthday suit- wear nothing ,have nothing on 4.polygragh interview-测谎试验 I.英文委婉大致可分为 肯定（positive)和否定(negative)两大类,A.肯定 positive 肯地这类委婉语用来夸张，扩大，使其显得比她们 所代表真实事物更体面 ,更重要。 e.g.1. beautician-hairdresser(为顾客做头发的人) 2.automobile engineer-mechanic 3. custodian-engineer-floor-sweeper 4.footwear maintenance engineer- bootblack 5.recreation engineer-sanitary man 6. street walker , pavement princess working girl ,business girl, call girl-whore(妓女),B.否定委婉语（negative) 否定委婉语是起减弱，收缩的做用，尽可能把人们所忌违的词语改头换面,乃至不直接接处它们。 说到语言中的忌违，最大的莫过于病，死，丧 葬，因此，这方面的委婉语也就极多。 e.g. 1.cancer-the big C, or long illness; 2.die-the patient is not doing well. (Doctors or nurses -the patient expires. Often say them) -pass away ,pass beyond, (close family members fade say them) -be laid to rest, fall asleep -bite the dust ,buy the farm (used by soldiers),answer the last muster 在宗教界，表死亡又有： 3.die-be called home ,be called to God. -safe in the arms of Jesus , -be gone to a better land -join the angels, 也有来自中国的语言： 4.die-seeing Marx, seeing confucius e.g .I shall soon be seeing Marx.(出自周恩来总理） 人们也用了许多委婉语来代替graveyard 5. graveyard-cemetery - memorial park -garden of honor -Gods field,要说不能登大雅之堂的词语，“厕所”算一个。 需要上厕所时，人们会说： 1. go to the bank 2.cash a check 3. spend a penny 4. see Johnny 女士们更常说： 5.consult Mrs. Jones 6.I have to power my nose. 因此厕所可称作： power room, 还可为 bath room ,comfort station halfway house, old soldiers home, Miss White,II.委婉说法在交际中的运用 1.在提问或提出要求时，开头先说“Excuse me.,能使口 气婉转一些： e.g. Excuse me, can I ask you a question?就比 Can I ask you a question?更为客气 Excuse me ,would you let me pass?好于 Would you let me pass? 2.在回答别人的问话时，特别是作出否定的答复时用 Im afraid not 或 I dont think 比直接拒绝口气委婉 e.g. Have you ever seen my brother? I dont think I have.或 Im afraid not.就比断然否定 No, I havent.婉转。,3.在提出建议或请求时，用疑问句比用陈述句更婉转 e.g. May I suggest? Could I suggest ? 好于 I suggest that Open the door, please 就不如 Would you please open the door? 4. 在陈述自己的意见时，用should可以使语气委婉。 e.g. I should advise you to do it immediately. 比较: I advise you to do it immediately. I should have thought you were making a mistake. 比较：I think you are making a mistake. 5. 在表达请求和意愿时，用情态动词，特别是情态动词 词的过去式，可使口气更为婉转。,e.g. Would you give me a cup of tea ? Id like a cup of tea . Could I get a cup of tea? 6.用一般过去式代替一般现在式，可使语气更加婉转。因为过去式表示这是说话人原来的想法，现在并不坚持，对方即使不同意，也不会感到难堪。 Did you want to see me?要比 Do you want to see me?客气一些 I hoped you would gibe me a hand .,I hope you would give me a hand . 7。用过去进行式比一般过去式显得客气。 这是因为进行式表示的只是说话人的一 种想法，并不是明确或成熟的意见，对方不比对此感到约束，即使拒绝也不会感到为难。 e.g. I was wondering if you would give me a hand. I was hoping you would look after the baby for us.,8.用委婉语（euphemism)来回避一些 犯忌违的词，或使人不快的， 刺耳的词，避免产生使人尴尬，难堪地场面，同时也可表达自己真挚的感情，收到含蓄，委婉的修辞效果。 e.g. On the 14th of March ,at a quarter to three in the afternoon ,the greatest living thinker ceased to think. He had been left alone for scarcely two minutes, and when we came back we fo