《级翻译与写作》PPT课件.ppt

四级翻译与写作指导,由NordriDesign提供 ,四级翻译模拟（一）,87 If you had told us about the new method earlier(如果你们早点把那个办法告诉我们），We would certainly have applied it in our first experiment. 考察虚拟语气的用法，这是四级翻译常考语法点。,虚拟语气常考用法总结：,虚拟语气常考用法总结： 1 If引导的条件状语从句； 2 require或suggest等动词+that引导的建议句型; 3 动词wish后的宾语从句,虚拟语气常考用法总结：,虚拟语气常考用法总结：,历年真题举例： The victim (本来有机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time.（2006年12月89题 ） 解析：答案为would have had a chance to survive/of survival。后半句是条件状语从句，使用了过去完成时，前半句主句应使用would+现在完成时。. If he had returned an hour earlier， Mary (就不会被大雨淋了).(2009年6月88题 ) 解析：答案为wouldnt have been caught by (in) the heavy rain。前半句是条件状语从句，使用了过去完成时，后半句主句应使用would+现在完成时。 You would not have failed if you (按照我的指令去做).(2009年12月87题 ) 解析：答案为had followed my instructions。前半句主句出现了would+现在完成时，后半句条件状语从句应使用过去完成时。,虚拟语气常考用法总结：,小结: 简单来说，从句向后推一个时态，如对现在的虚拟，就用一般过去式，而主句用would+动词原形；从历年真题看，对过去的虚拟考察较多，因此从句用过去完成时，主句则用would have done.,虚拟语气常考用法总结：,require或suggest等动词+that引导的建议句型,后面应使用should+动词原形，should可以省略; 这类动词还包括insist, demand等,虚拟语气常考用法总结：,历年真题举例： The professor required that(我们交研究报告)by Wednesday.（2006年6月89题 ） 解析：答案为we (should) hand in our research report 。前半句使用requeire+that引导的建议句型，属于虚拟语气的一种。后半句应使用should+动词原形，should可以省略。 It is suggested that the air conditioner (要安装在窗户旁边).（2010年6月90题 ） 解析：答案为(should) be fixed/installed beside the window。前半句使用了it is suggested that引导的建议句型，属于特殊虚拟语气的一种，后半句应使用should+动词原形。“安装”应译为fix或install;“在窗户旁边”译为 beside the window也可以用by或next to。,虚拟语气常考用法总结：,动词wish后的宾语从句： 动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。 若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时； 若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时; 若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)动词原形,四级翻译模拟（一）,88 When Snady recovered from cancer, her doctor.(把这归因于她对未来的信念） attributed it to her firm belief in the future 常用词组：尤其是动介词组，如adapt to ., have trouble doing ， be likely to do. , attribute to等类似样式。,四级翻译模拟（一）,89 Since the light was out in their room, they.(一定上床睡觉了）.（考察对过去的肯定推测） must have gone to bed 90 Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used.(习惯了学生迟到）（考察be used to doing 习惯于） to students being late for the class used to do Be used to do,四级翻译模拟（一）,91 Mr Smith made full preparation for the experiment（以便实验能够顺利进行 ） so that it would go on smoothly.,四级翻译模拟（二）,87 (如果他们不曾给我们带来信息），we would not have done it ahead of time . If they had not brought us information 88 He checked out his composition again and again.(以确保没有遗漏要点）。 to make sure that no important points had been omitted. 89 She makes jokes when shes disappointed,(而不是发脾气） rather than losing her temper. 90 They often make preparations for their work(提前几天或几周） days or weeks in advance. 91 Dick was sent to the hospital.(因为在交通事故中受了点伤） because of a minor injury in the traffic accident.,翻译其他常考考点,（一）倒装： 建议：掌握如下常用句型（以倒装方式给出） Not only but also Not until. Neithernor Hardly when No sooner than. Only by /through /in ., 此外，副词so或neither, nor放于句首 ；as引导的让步状语从句： 例如：She is a teacher. So is her mother. Tired as he was, he worked late into the night.,翻译其他常考考点,历年真题举例：1 Not only (他向我收费过高)， but he didnt do a good repair job either. （2006年6月88题 ） 解析：答案为did he charge me too much/overcharge me，本句后半句使用了一般过去时，前半句也应使用一般过去时，not only放在句首引导倒装句。“收费过多”可译为overcharge me或charge me too much. 2 (直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill.（2008年6月91题 ） 解析：答案为Not until he had accomplished/finished his mission，此题后半句使用一般过去时，前半句动作发生在后半句之前，应使用过去完成时。Not until放在句首引导倒装句，“完成使命”应译为accomplish/finished the mission。 3 The manager never laughed; neither (她也从来没有发过脾气). （2010年6月88题 ） 解析：答案为did she (ever) lose her temper，前半句使用一般过去时，后半句也应使用一般过去时。“发脾气”应译为lose ones temper，neither放在句首引导倒装句。,翻译其他常考考点,（二）四级核心词组：例如have difficulty/trouble (in) doing something(做某事有困难)已经考过三次，需要注意的是，in可以省略，后面要使用动词的动名词形式。 1)2006年6月87题：Having spent some time in the city， he had no trouble (找到去历史博物馆的路). 解析：答案为(in) finding the way to the Museum of History，“历史博物馆”最好译为“the Museum of History”，专有名词注意大小写。 2)2009年6月87题：Soon after he transferred to the new school， Ali found that he had (很难跟上班里的同学)in math and English. 解析：答案为much difficulty in catching up with his classmates，此题也考察了catch up with(跟上)这一四级核心词组。 3)2010年6月87题：Because of noise outside， Nancy had great difficulty (集中注意力在实验上). 解析：答案为(in) focusing/concentrating on her/the experiment，此题亦考察focus/concentrate on(集中注意力)这一四级核心词组。,翻译其他常考考点,（三）被动语态：考过六次 1)2006年6月91题：Though a skilled worker，(他被公司解雇了)last week because of the economic crisis. 解析：答案为he was fired by the company，需要注意的是，本句应使用一般过去时。 2)2007年12月91题：Many Americans live on credit， and their quality of life (是用他们能够借到多少来衡量)， not how much they can earn. 解析：答案为is measured by how much (money) they can borrow，“用来衡量”应译为is measured by; by后面接how much引导的宾语从句。 3)2008年6月87题：Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research (能应用于新技术的开发) 解析：答案为can be applied to the development of new technology，“应用于”应译为be applied to.,翻译其他常考考点,4)2008年12月91题：The anti-virus agent was not known (直到一名医生偶然发现了他). 解析：答案为until it was accidentally found by a doctor，本句使用被动语态更加地道，“偶然”可译为accidentally或by accident/chance。(until a doctor discovered it by chance) 5)2009年6月91题：The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is (与缺乏锻炼密切相关). 解析：答案为closely related to the lack of exercise，“与密切相关”应译为be closely related to;“缺乏锻炼”译为the lack of exercise。 6)2010年6月89题：We look forward to (被邀请出席开幕式). 解析：答案为being invited to attend the opening ceremony。本句前半句出现了look forward to，此处的to为介词，后面应使用动名词形式;“被邀请”应译为be invited to;“出席”应译为attend;“开幕式”译为opening ceremony。,有关四级作文,四级写作的评分原则： 评分原则：四级作文的评判以大学英语教学大纲四级教学要求为准则。 评分方法：四级作文采用总体评分法（Global Scoring），阅卷人员就总体印象给出奖励分（Rewarding Scores）。评分标准共计五个档次：2分、5分、8分、11分和14分；各有标准样卷一至两份，阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分。其中14分档次作文的要求是：切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺、连贯，基本无语言错误，仅有个别小错。,有关四级作文,四级写作注意事项： 1、单词拼写、标点符号 2、人称、时态、主谓的一致性 3、词组和短语的固定搭配 对于一些常见的词组和短语，有固定的搭配，不能随意更改，例如：for the sake of意为“为了”，不能把for换成in。 4、句子完整性 在写作过程中，时间紧迫可能导敢出现句子残缺的情况，造成句子不完整，检查时也需注意。 5 避免中式思维 中国学生学习英语摆脱不了汉语思维，通常套用汉语的结构及句式，往往是先拟好中文草稿，然后再译成英文。结果文章中出现许多Chinglish，例如：写到“食堂的菜单字太小，看不清”，很多同学会用这样的表达：Thework of the menu is too small to see it clearly。这显然是囿于中式思维的框框，准确而地道的说法应为The print on the menu is too small to read。,有关四级作文,提示： 不要惧怕题目中的生词，根据其后的汉语进行猜测： 如08年6月份出现的Recreational Activities 1. 娱乐活动多种多样 2. 娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害 3. 作为大学生，我的看法 保持卷面整洁，整体有条有理，逻辑清晰 根据提纲进行文章的布局与写作,例文欣赏,Economic Development and Environmental Protection Recently the issue of relationship between economic development and environmental protection has aroused wide concern in the public. Opinions vary from person to person. Some people argue that economic development should never be at the cost of the environment. They consider behavior of environmental destruction equal to kill the goose that lays golden eggs. From a long-term point of view, our descendants will be threatened by lack of land, resources, etc.,例文欣赏,Economic Development and Environmental Protection However, other people think it unnecessary to consider environmental problems now and our first priority should always be given to economic development. They believe that environmental problems are inevitable and unavoidable in the process of economic development. They are only the by-products of economic development, which can be dealt with later when we have the time and money.,例文欣赏,Economic Development and Environmental Protection After a thorough consideration, for my part, I think we should develop economy while protecting environment. Only in this way can we get a win-win state.,例文欣赏,Volunteer Teachers in China Every year, many college students are encouraged to help students with their study in poverty-stricken areas in China. They have been trying their best to impart knowledge and offer help to those students who are so eager to learn.,例文欣赏,Volunteer Teachers in China This vol