《极考试写作》PPT课件.ppt

大学英语四极考试 写作,评分标准 作文满分为15分,写作时间30 分钟， 字数不少于120字。 2分条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，并且多数为严重错误。 5分基本切题，表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差， 有较多的严重错误。 8分基本切题，表达思想比较清楚，文字尚连贯， 但语言错误较多。 11分切题，表达思想清楚，文字连贯， 但有少量语言错误。 14分切题，表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯较好，基本上无语言错误。 0分白卷。,其命题方式： 给出题目 规定情景 给出段落首句续写 给出关键词写短文 看图作文 应用文写作（信件）,过渡性词语(1) 1 “起”的过渡词 now, nowadays, at present, first, firstly, first of all, in the first place, in recent years, recently, it goes without saying that, 2 “承”的过渡词 second, secondly, then, besides, indeed, third, thirdly, moreover, furthermore, certainly, obviously, truly, especially, particularly, in addition, what is more, what is worse, for example, for instance, in fact, in other words, at the same time, +,3 “转”的过渡词 however, nevertheless, otherwise, yet, but, or, whereas, in spite of, instead, on the other hand, in contrast, on the contrary, conversely, 4 “合”的过渡词 therefore, thus, hence, in short, in brief, in a word, in conclusion, as a result, as a consequence, consequently, above all, at last, finally, eventually, after all, to sum up, in general, generally speaking, on the whole, as has been noted(如前所述), as I have said, (如我所述),例句及正确书写方法： Generally speaking, a shorter school day would benefit both students and teachers.,过渡性词语(2)： 1.表示举例(exemplification) : for example, for instance, as an example, as an illustration, such as 2.表示比较(comparison) : similarly, likewise, in the same way, equally important, in common 3. 表示对照(contrast) : on the contrary, on the other hand, otherwise, unlike, in contrast, whereas, conversely, by contrast 4.表示让步(concession) : although, nevertheless, however, but admittedly, even though, in spite of,5. 表示原因(cause) : because, because of, as , since, for, owing to, due to, on account of , as a result of 6. 表示结果(result) : thus, so, consequently, hence, therefore, accordingly, as a result, as a consequence, on that account 7. 表示强调(emphasis) : chiefly, especially, indeed, in fact, certainly, particularly, actually, 8. 表示列举(enumeration) : first, second, in the first place, first of all, to begin with, in the second place, furthermore, moreover, for one thing, for another 9. 表示总结(summary) : in conclusion, in short, in brief, in summary, on the whole,名言及谚语 To open a book is always beneficial. 开卷有益。 Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。 All roads lead to Rome. 条条道路通罗马。 More haste, less speed.（六级） 欲速则不达。 A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。 He who laughs last laughs best. 谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。,Time is money. 一寸光阴一寸金。 Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不等人。 When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗。 Health is wealth. 健康就是财富。 Its never too late to learn. 活到老， 学到老。 Easier side than done. 说来容易做时难。,Reap where one has not sown. 不劳而获。 Pride goes before a fall. 骄者比败。 Practice makes perfect.（四级1997-1） 熟能生巧。 Opportunity knocks at the door only once. 机不可失， 失不再来。 Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。 Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。,A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见知己。 Self- trust is the first secret of success. 自信是成功的第一秘诀。 Never put off until tomorrow what can be done today. 今天的事情今天做。 A friend is easier lost than found. 朋友易失不易得。 A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。 Look before you leap. 三思而后行。,Failure teaches success. 失败是成功之母。 Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 Every coin has two sides. 事情都是一分为二的。（每个硬币都有两面。）,解释和阐述性语句： 1.The change in mainly results from (arises from) the fact that 2. One may trace (attribute) this trend (problem) to, but it doesnt answer the question of 3. One may regard the phenomenon as a sign of (response to) 4. There are many causes (reasons ) for this dramatic growth First, second, Finally,5.A number of factors could lead to (account for) the change in. 6.Another contributory factor of is 7.Why do (did, are) ? For one thing For another Perhaps the primary reason is (one reason is., Another is, Perhaps the primary reason is ) 8. is also responsible for the rise (decrease) in,用于比较的语句： 1.The advantages of A outweigh any benefit we gain from B. 2.Good as A is, it has its own disadvantages. For one thing， it ，For another, it 3.Although A has much (enormous, considerable, a distinct) advantage of, it can not compare with B in 4.As advantage means nothing when Bs advantages are considered.,用于反驳的语句： 1. Although everyone believes that, I wonder （doubt） whether the argument bears much analysis. 2.As opposed to widely held ideas, I believe (argue, think) that 3. Although the popular idea (belief) is that, a current study (survey) indicates that 4. They may be right about, but they seem to neglect (fail) to mention (consider) the fact that 5. Although it is widely accepted that, it is unlikely to be true that,6. It is true that, but it doesnt follow (this is not to say, it doesnt mean) that 7. There is in fact every (absolutely no) reason for us to believe (accept, reject, resist) that 8. What these people fail to consider (understand , mention) is that 9. You may think (argue, say) that It is quite another to say that,描写图片或数据的语句： 1. In 1990, it increased from to 2.The figure has nearly doubled, compared with ( as against) that of last year. 3.By comparison with 1998, it decreased from to 4.It has increased almost twice (six times, two and a half times) , compared with 5.The number is twice (4 times, half) as much as that of 1990. 6. It takes up (accounts for) percent of the total. 7.The number was, less than(more than) a half (third, quarter) of the 1990 total.,文章开头常用的语句： 1.When asked about,(when it comes to, faced with,), most(many) people believe that, but other people regard as(consider differently). 2.When asked about,(when it comes to, faced with,), Some believe that, while others claim that 3.There is a general discussion today about the problem of ., Those who criticize argue that They believe that But people who advocate, on the other hand, argue that,4.Most people are of the opinion that But in spite of , I personally believe that 5.Now people in growing numbers are beginning to realize that 6.Now, it is generally acknowledged that, they believe But I dou