四级写作课件-sunny.ppt

四级写作,评分标准,短文写作要求考生在30分钟内根据提纲写出一篇120词以上的短文，本部分的得分占总分的15%，采用总分评分法（Global Scoring），从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。满分为15分，共分五等：14分、11分、8分、5分及2分（注：四级作文在试卷总分中占15%，改卷时按照作文总分15分来评改，然后经过处理转化为710分中的作文分数）。各个分数档的标准如下：,备注：阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数（如8分）相似，即定为该分数（即8分）；若认为稍优或稍劣于该档次，则可加分（即9分）或减1分（即7分），但不得加或减半分。 字数不足按下表所示酌情扣分：,四级写作基本模式三段式,三、为了便于考生尽快掌握四级作文的写作方法，在此综合历年四级考试作文真题，重点介绍七类常见的写作类型。,I. 对比选择型 II. 现象/原因解释型 III. 问题解决型 IV. 应用型 V. 图表型 VI. 综合叙事型,应用型特点及写作要求,应用文，就是在现实生活中有实际应用功能的文体，比如信函、通知、演讲稿、导游词、见证书等。应用文是大学英语四级考试中常见的考查内容，与议论文、记叙文和说明文相比，应用型作文与生活、社会的联系更加紧密，在格式、行文习惯等方面更讲究规矩。因此，无论写哪些应用型作文，都必须按其各自规范化的、约定俗成的格式来写，不能随意改变格式。( 热点作文6，7，9，10) 下面主要介绍英文信函、通知、演讲稿、导游词的写作模板。,应用型(信函) 句子模板,1. 信函句子模板开头常用表达： 回信 Excuse me for not writing to you for so long a time. Words cannot express my joy of receiving your letter of May 8th. 陈述写信的目的 I am writing to . I am very much delighted to inform you that . I have the pleasure to tell you that .,应用型信函,2. 信函句子模板结尾常用套话： I send you my best wished. Looking forward to hearing from you soon. All the luck in the world to you. Please give my best regards to your family/parents.,. 应用型(信函)作文模板,同学间的日常信件作文模板： 1 Dear , 2 I am glad to know that . 3 As for _ , I suppose that can be a good choice for you. (首先用一句话来回应收到的信，然后进入此次写信的主题。) 4 . 5 . 6 Whats more, . 7 To , you are supposed to . 8 are also of great importance, . (对来信的第二问题进行答复) 9 Now lets talk about . 10 First of all, you should . 11 In addition, . (转至第三个问题) 12 If any further questions come to you, do not hesitate to write to me. 10 . Yours,. 应用型(通知) 作文模板,活动通知作文模板： Volunteer Needed 1 With the approaching of (活动日) , (组织者) is to organize and is now recruiting volunteers. 2 This program is planned to . 3 It aims to . 4 By participating in the activity, volunteers can . 5 Volunteers are expected to . 6 The program will be carried out . 7 are needed. 8 Fellow students who meet the requirements and want to take part in the activity, please call us at or email us at . 9 Come and join us!,应用型(演讲稿)作文模板,竞赛演讲稿作文模板： A Campaign Speech 1 , (选择一个合适的称呼。) 2 Thank you for . 3 , 4 I am delighted to announce that . (演讲词常用开场白套语。) 5 , I have always been considered as . 6 Meanwhile, . 7 . 8 In addition, if I get elected. (层次清楚地陈述自己的优势，突出重点) 9 . 10 If elected, I am confident that . 11 I will . (工作规划的简要陈述，点到为止) 12 Thank you very much for your attention. (结束语套话),应用型(导游词)作文模板,导游解说词作文模板： 1 , 2 Welcome to . 3 First of all, Id like to introduce myself: I am , Its my honor to be here with all of you, and I wish you a wonderful trip today. (表示欢迎，自我介绍，开场白套话。) 4 Here is the schedule of the day. 5 is the first place we are going to visit this morning. 6 Then will be our destination in the afternoon. (简要介绍行程安排，无需赘述。) 7 Now we are on the way . . . . (用三四句话介绍第一景点的概况，突出重点。) 8 Thats the introduction to . 9 If you have any questions, please dont hesitate to ask me. (结束语套话),图表型特点及写作要求,图表型作文要求根据图表上的数据，找出所反映的某个趋势或某一个问题、现象，并对该问题、趋势所产生的原因进行分析。常见的图表型作文有表格（table）、曲线图（line chart）、条形图/柱状图（bar chart）、饼形图（pie chart）和图片（picture）。(热点作文8) 图表型作文的写作误区：有些考生习惯在第一段罗列所有数据，形式单调，没有重点，篇幅又长，容易让人厌倦，而第二、三段受篇幅和时间限制，未能充分展开。,图表型写作注意事项,写图表型作文的注意事项： 1. 看懂并理解图表的含义，这是写好图表型作文的前提； 2. 选择能充分说明图表主题的典型数据； 3. 根据分析结果和文章的题目展开论述。,图表型写作流程,第一段：描述图表反映的总情况。(总体说明图表所反映的趋势、问题、现象，并选用典型数据进行说明。) 第二段：分析原因。(分析该问题或该现象的原因或后果。) 第三段：结论。(提出解决问题的办法、建议或进行展望。),图表型句子模板,1. 图表内容总括性描述： As can be seen from the table, great changes have been taking place in . From the above table it can be seen that . As it is shown in the table, . According to the graph, ., It is clear from the table that . The survey/study shows/suggests that . According to the figures given in the table . As you may see from the diagram, . The two charts above tell us something about .,图表型句子模板,2. 图表内容具体数据变化描述： increase/decrease by 2. increase from to 3. increase steadily from 4. There was a marked increase in 5. There has been a rapid increase in 6. an increase of 7. decline in 8. four times as much as 9. amount to,图表型句子模板,(2) 图表内容具体数据变化描述： 10. fall from to 11. appear stable 12. reach (+数字) 13. continue to grow 14. has been growing faster and faster since 15. less than 16. up to 17. compared with 18. the number of remains the same as ,图表型句子模板,(3) 分析原因： 1. There are many/plenty of/ a number of/ numerous reasons explaining/ for . 2. The reasons of lie in several aspects . 3. Many factors contribute to . 4. There are many reasons that may account for . 5. The reasons for/why are as follows: . 6. There are many reasons for it, but generally, they come down in three major ones.,图表型句子模板,(3) 分析原因： 7. is mainly caused by . 8. What caused these changes? . 9. There are many factors that have stimulated this huge change. 10. The reasons that caused changes are diverse. On the one hand, . On the other hand, . 11. The rapid growth of . owes much to .,图表型句子模板,(4) 总结归纳 / 说明影响 / 表明作者态度 / 以作者个人为例： 1. Through the analysis, we can draw a conclusion that . 2. In short/ In brief, . 3. To solve the problem of , we . 4. From all the facts given above, we can see . 5. Considering all these /Taking all these into consideration/account, I believe . 6. As to/for me, I believe . 7. Take me as an example/In my own case, I .,图表型作文模板,1 According to/As shown in the table/chart/graph, the period from to , increased significant, while_ decreased/ dropped sharply. 2 There are a huge number of reasons behind this phenomenon. /The reasons of the changes lie in several aspects. 3 First of all, (原因1). 4 Secondly, (原因2). 5 Thirdly, (原因3).,6 All in all, we can see that in the past years/months/weeks, has/have been rising/dropping year by year. 7 We can also expect that (展望发展趋势). 6 From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. 7 The trend described in the table/chart/graph will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken).,综合叙事型特点及写作要求,综合叙事型文章是以记人叙事为主要内容、以叙述为主要表达方式的文章。写这类作文要综合记叙、描写和议论等写作方法，既要交代时间、地点、人物、事情的发生、发展和变化，也要分析事情发生的原因或写出个人感受。,综合叙事型写作流程,第一段：引出主题。(交待清楚事情发生的背景，如时间、地点及人物等。) 第二段：主体。(描述事情发生的起因、经过和结果。) 第三段：事件分析。(分析事件发生的原因或者写出个人的感受。),综合叙事型句子模板,1. 表示时间顺序的连接词： Early in the morning/In the early morning In the middle of the day/At noon