自动化英语--专业词汇的翻译.ppt

专业词汇（glossary）的翻译,Reviews 拉普拉斯变换 零-极点 二极管 三极管（基极、发射基、集电极） 运算放大器 增益 阻抗 振荡器 振幅 幅值 同相 反相 反向（verb） 稳定（性） 功能单元 三角形 马力 带宽 低（高、带）通滤波器 ROM RAM AC DC USB LED CD ID IP,专业词汇的翻译,专业术语的翻译 专业课程名称的翻译 根据上下文选择词义 根据词的搭配来选择词义 根据学科和专业选择词义 词义的引申 词义的转换,a、计量单位名称（一般采用音译） hertz volt ampere newton. b、各种新型材料名词一般用音译 nylon-尼龙， Valve-阀（门） X-ray x光，radar-雷达 vaseline-凡士林，uranium-铀 morphine-吗啡，heroin-海洛因 Penicilliin-盘尼西林（青霉素）,1.专业术语的翻译,c、由人名构成的术语，一般采用音、意混合译法 Faraday constant 法拉第常数(恒量) Lenzs law 楞次定律 Joule-Thomson effect 焦耳-汤姆孙效应 Mason Formula 梅森公式 Routh approximation method 劳思近似判据 Nyquist stability criterion 奈奎斯特稳定判据,1.专业术语的翻译,2.专业课程名称的翻译,自动检测技术 Auto-Measurement Technique 传感器原理 Principle of Sensing Device 电路原理 theory of circuit 模拟电子技术 Analog electronics technique 数字电子技术 Digital electronics technique 电力电子技术 Power electronics technique,电气自动控制 Electrical automatic control 自动控制原理 Automatic control theory 现代控制原理 Modern control theory 微机原理 Principle of microcomputer 计算机控制技术 Computer control technique 过程控制系统 Process control system,2.专业课程名称的翻译,电机学 Theory of electric motors 电力拖动基础 Fundamental of electric drive 电力拖动自动控制系统 Automatic control system for electric drive 单片机应用 application of single-chip computer 可编程逻辑控制器 Programmable logical controller(PLC) 半导体变流技术 Semiconductor converting Technique 计算机接口技术 Computer Interface Technique,2.专业课程名称的翻译,2.专业英语课程名称简介,电工测量 Electric measurement 供电技术： Power supplying technique 楼宇自动化： Building automation 自适应控制： Adaptive control system 电气CAD ： Electrical CAD 多媒体与网络技术： Multimedia and network technique,Trying:,大学英语 College english C语言 C language 计算机操作系统 Computer operating system 数字信号处理 Digital signal processing 系统辨识 system identification 模糊控制 fuzzy control 神经网络 neural network 计算机仿真 computer simulation,A: Which university did you graduate from? B:I graduated from_University. A: What subject did you major in at university? (=Whats your major?) B:I majored in_. A: Tell me about the courses of your major in university. B:I take more than 50 courses in university, including_, and so on. A: How did you get on with your studies in university? B:I did well in university. I was one of the top students in the class. A: What subject did you minor (辅修)in? B:I didnt minor in any subject when I was in university, but I attended _and _ courses.,3. 根据上下文选择词义,1) A car needs a lot of power to go fast. 2) Power can be transmitted a very long distance. 3) The fourth power of three is eighty-one. 4) The combining power of one element in the compound must equal the combining power of the other element.,同一词在不同场合往往有不同含义，应根据上下文,即根据专业特点和具体语境来确定其确切含义。例如：power,汽车高速行驶需要很大的动力。,电力可以传送到很远的地方。,3 的4 次方是81 。,化合物中一种元素的化合价必须等于另一元素的化合价。,This medicine acts well on the heart Work must be done in setting a body in motion. Even though bearings are usually lubricated, there is friction and some wear. Many chemical reaction need heat to make them take place,这种药对心脏疗效很好。,即使经常给轴承润滑，还存在摩擦与一些磨损。,使一个物体运动时，必须做功。,很多化学反应需要热量才能进行。,3.根据上下文选择词义 普通词汇的专业化,4.根据词的搭配来选择词义,1) large current 2) large capacity 3) large loads 4) large-screen TV 5) large growing 6) a large amount of money,不同搭配方式可以产生不同的词义。例如：large,强电流,高容量,重载,宽屏电视,生长快的,一大笔钱,5.根据学科和专业选择词义,医药学 化学 军事 汽车制造 无线电 邮政业,不同搭配方式可以产生不同的词义。例如：carrier：日常用语 “搬运工人、搬运车、搬运船”,“带菌者，媒介物”,“载体”， gas,“航空母舰”,“底盘”,“载波”,“邮递员”,1) The chemical sensor will do most of the things a worker will do. 2) Quantum chemistry is still in its infancy. 3) When polymers are fabricated into useful articles, they are referred to as plastics, rubbers, and fibers.,6.词义的引申,若无法从字典等工具书上找到直接、恰当、准确的解释，可按照汉语的表达习惯，对词义加以引申。,化学传感器能胜任一位工人所能做的大部分工作。,量子化学仍处于发展初期。,当聚合物加工成有用的制品时，就把它称为塑料、橡胶和纤维,1) Despite all the improvements, rubber still has a number of limitations. 2) Boiling point is defined as the temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to that of the atmosphere. Mercury weighs about thirteen times as much as water,7.词义的转换,由于英汉两种语言结构与表达方式的不同， 有些句子在汉译时不能逐词对译，需要作恰当的转换。,尽管改进了很多，但合成橡胶仍有一些缺陷。(n v),沸点的定义就是气压等于大气压时的温度。(v n),水银的重量约为水的13倍。(v n ),Noises may develop in a worn engine. Shorts frequently develop when insulation is worn. Sure enough, 80 percent of the plants developed the disease. Other isolation methods are being developed. In developing the de