大学外贸英语第三版第一课电子教案.ppt

Chapter 1 The Global Economic Crisis Definition It refers to world-wide economic slowdown or recession. Some economists also regard global economic crisis as deteriorating economic conditions on a world-wide scale.,1. Global 全球的 globe 地球 Globe, earth和world 的区别： globe: 指我们生活的地球，但强调其实体和圆形。 earth: 指表面有陆地和水，人类所居住行星的名字。有时与“天”相对，泛指地”。 world: 通常相当于earth与globe，现多用指地球，地球上的世界，社会和人。 2. Definition 定义 Define v. 给下定义 How to define the Great Cultural Revolution is difficult,3. Refer to = mean, indicate指的是 Unemployment refers to losing ones job. refer to as = regard as We shouldnt refer to China as a powerful country. 4. Slowdown = recession 衰退 There is sign that the recession has bottomed out. 有迹象表明萧条已达最低点。 经济衰退的指标：如果一年连续两个季度国内生产总值（GDP）出现衰退。,5. Deteriorating a. 恶化的 Deteriorate dtrret v. = worsen 恶化 Deterioration n. 恶化 There are fears that the situation might deteriorate into full-scale war. 人们担心局势会恶化为全面战争。 6. On a world-wide scale 在世界范围内 Scale n. 规模，范围 The scale of urbanization is impressive. 城市化的规模令人印象深刻。,Many people believe the current global slowdown, to a large extent, was of American making, which began first in America in the form of financial crisis in September 2008 then quickly spread to the four corners of the world. 1.To a large extent. 在很大程度上 to a great degree in a large part To a large extent they take what they see to be the world. 在很大程度上，他们全盘接受他们所看到的，认为那就是真实的世界。,2. Of American making = made by America 是美国制造的 of + n. = adj. of very importance = very important The tension of China-Japan relationship is of American making. 3. In the form of 以的形式、方式 He often Experiences life in the form of nature.他经常以自然的形式体验生活。,4. Spread to v. 扩散到，蔓延到 Witnesses said a table caught fire, and flames then spread to the building. 目击者说，一张桌子开始起火，然后火焰蔓延到整幢建筑。 5. The four corners of the world n. 全世界 All over the world adv. 全世界 Spread to the four corners of the world = Spread all over the world,Illustration Plunge in housing industry. Housing markets, esp. those in the U.S. are in deep trouble. There was 16.8% plunge in housing starts in January 2008 in the U.S. 1. Illustration n. 说明，解释 Illustrate v. explain, demonstrate 说明 He explained that he had been cheated. 2. Plunge in v. fall into陷入 The economy has plunged in a deep mire. 经济已经陷入深深的泥潭。,3. Housing industry房屋建筑业 real estate 房地产 Housing 和house的区别 Housing 住房 集合名词 House 房子 个体名词 Housing price 租房价格 House price 房子价格 4. Deep trouble = hot water困境 Syria (叙利亚) is in hot water now. 5. Plunge n. 猛跌 The plunge in house price is a dream of common Chinese.,5. Housing start 房屋建造开工率、新房开工率 新房开工率上升说明经济繁荣、市场兴旺。 Reduced or delayed foreign direct invest-ment Credit crunch in many a country Shrinkage of consumer spending Declining stock markets,1.Reduce v. decrease 减少 Consumption is being reduced by 25 per cent.消费下降了25个百分点。 2. Delay v. put off 推迟 Delaying retirement age is a bad choice.延迟退休年龄一糟糕的选择。 3. Foreign direct investment外国(对外)直接投资： 在投资人以外的国家所经营的企业拥有持续利益的一种投资，其目的在于对该企业的经营管理具有发言权。,对外间接投资：指投资者通过金融渠道向另一国投入资金，以获取利益的活动。投资者不参与对拥有股份或债权的企业的经营管理，对企业经营无控制权。具体方式如：(1)购买外国企业的股票；(2)购买一国政府或企业的债券。 4. Credit crunch 信贷紧缩；信用危机 crunch n.危急情况；经济收缩 The credit crunch almost plunged the world into depression.信用危机几乎让全球都陷入了萧条。,4. Credit crunch 信贷紧缩；信用危机 crunch n.危急情况；经济收缩 The credit crunch almost plunged the world into depression.信用危机几乎让全球都陷入了萧条。 5. Many a country = many countries 意义一样，用法不同。 Many a country is becoming richer and richer. Many countries are poorer and poorer.,6. Shrinkage n. 收缩 7. Declining a.下滑的，下降的 8. Stock market 股票市场 Share 股份 Stock 股票The stock market has a risk, investment wants discretion!,Sharp rises in unemployment rate, particularly in the rate of youth unemployment. In the U.S., unemployment rate is around 10 %. Ballooning budget deficits in the development countries. A much smaller number of international tourists due to the negative impacts of the pandemic of the swine flu or H1N1 flu during 2009. Rich population in the development countries has fallen by 25%. As a result, the sales of luxuries are also on the decline.,1.Sharp rise 迅速上升 The sharp drop spurred the Brazilian authorities into action. 这种急剧下跌促使巴西有关部门采取行动。 2. Ballooning a.膨胀的 Balloon n. 气球 v.膨胀 The budget deficit has ballooned to $25 billion. 预算赤字已经猛增到250亿美元。 3. budget deficit预算赤字 fiscal deficit 财政赤字,4. Negative impact n.消极影响 positive 积极的 5. Pandemic pndemk n. plague pleig 传染病 They feared a new cholera pandemic.他们担心新一轮的霍乱大流行。 6. Swine flu 猪流感 Swine flu is spreading across the world.猪流感正在向全世界蔓延。 Swine 令人讨厌的猪 Hog 贪婪的猪,7. Luxury n.奢侈品 十大顶级名表奢侈品牌排行榜： 欧米茄、积家、伯爵、江诗丹顿、劳力士、卡地亚、爱彼、万国、宝玑、百达翡丽 8. On the decline在衰退中，在减弱中 She is on the decline, and may die soon. 她的健康每况愈下，可能不久于人世。,Slowing down in countries GDP growth. China has stopped enjoying double-digit growth beginning from the second half of 2008. but very likely it would achieve 8% GDP growth by the end of 2009. 1. double-digit growth 双位数的增长 Grow - growth Breathe - breath Die - death True - truth,2. Achieve v. 获得 Achievement n. 获得 Archive n. 档案 A complete archive of all tips is available here. 所有技巧的完整存档可在此处获得。,Causes According to the Statement from G20 Summit released in April 2009, the root causes of the current economic crisis can be summarized into the following. 1.Statement = declaration声明 2. Root cause n. basic reason根本原因 3. Summarize v. 总结 I summarize these discussions by stressing three factors.我用三点来总结这个讨论。,During a period of strong global growth, growing capital flows, and prolonged stability earlier this decade, market participants sought higher yields without an adequate appreciation of risks and failed to exercise proper due diligence. 1.Growing capital flows 日益增长的资本流动 2. Prolonged stability 长期的稳定 a prolonged period of low interest rates. 长期的低利率,3. Participant n.参与者 participate v. 参加 They expected him to participate in the ceremony.他们希望他参加典礼。 You are expected to be an active participant.你应该成为积极的参与者。 4. High yield n.高收益 Instead of high yield, they got water and air pollution. 他们没有得到高产量，却造成了水污染和空气污染。,5. Appreciation n. 评估 Appreciate = assess, estimate 评估 6. Fail to do sth. 未能做某事 7. Exercise v.运用 You can exercise your right as a citizen. 你能行使公民权利。 8. Proper due diligence 恰当的应有的谨慎 Fail to exercise due diligence没能做到应有的谨慎。,At the same time, weak underwriting standards, unsound management practices, increasingly complex and opaque financial products, and consequent excessive leverage combined to create vulnerabilities in the system. 1. underwriting standards承保标准，保险标准，即需多少钱加入保险 2. unsound management practices不健全的管理行为 Greek fiscal policy had been unsound.希腊的财政政策一直都不健全的。,3. increasingly complex and opaque financial products日益增多的、复杂的、不透明的金融理财产品 银行人民币理财产品大致可分为债券型、信托型、挂钩型及QDII型。 QDII型人民币理财产品，简单说，即是客户将手中的人民币资金委托给合格商业银行，由合格商业银行将人民币资金兑换成美元，直接在境外投资，到期后将美元收益及本金结汇成人民币后分配给客户的理财产品。,4. Opaque = not transparent Mainland chinas markets are notoriously opaque and speculative. 中国内地股市的不透明与投机性强是出了名的。 5. consequent excessive leverage 随之发生的过度影响 Excessive 过度的 excess n. 过度 exceed v. 超越 Demand began to exceed supply.开始供不应求。,5. Leverage n. influence The eurozone crisis has only increased chinas leverage. 欧元区危机只会让中国的影响力进一步膨胀。 6. Combine v. 合起来 其前面的并列成分为主语 Two parties will combine to defeat the third. 两党派将联合以击败第三党。 7. Vulnerability n. 弱点、缺陷 Vulnerable a. 有弱点的；脆弱的 Achilles was vulnerable only in his heel. 阿基里斯只有脚后跟会受伤害。,Policy-makers, regulators and supervisors in some advanced countries, did not adequately appreciate and address the risks building up in financial markets, keep pace with financial innovation, or take into account the systemic ramifications of domestic regulatory actions. 1. Policy-makers 政策制定者 decision maker决策者 exam-taker 考生 2. Regulator n.监管机构 3. Supervisor n. 管理者,4. Address v. deal with 处理 Media firms have barely begun to address such Problems. 媒体公司几乎没有着手处理此类问题。 5. Build up v. 逐步建立 6. Keep pace with v.与保持同步 They cant keep pace with the demand. 他们跟不上市场需求的发展。,7. financial innovation 金融创新 对现金的影响 随着电子技术的日益成熟，电子货币的发展将会成为货币的主流。经济体之间的借贷、消费、转帐等将无一不是通过网络进行结算，支票和现金结算将逐步减少。 8. take into account v. consider 考虑 The first to take into account is your own safety, not your money. 首先应考虑的是您自己的安全，而不是金钱。,9. Ramification 后果；衍生物 consequence 10. regulatory actions 管理行为 systemic ramifications of domestic regulatory actions 国内管理行为的系统性的后果 11. Did not 后面出现了三组动词,2. Major underlying factors to the current situation were, among others, inconsistent and insufficiently coordinated macroeconomic policies. Inadequate structural reforms, which led to unsustainable global macroeconomic outcomes. These developments, together, contributed to excesses and ultimately resulted in severe market disruption.,1. Major a. 主要的 2. underlying factors 根本因素 Underlying a. fundamental 根本的 3. among others其中；尤其；除了别的之外 It ( among others) is fast, efficient, and inexpensive. 它尤其的快，有效，而且便宜。 4. Inconsistent a.不一致的，前后矛盾的 5. insufficiently coordinated a.不协调的 6. macroeconomic policies宏观经济政策 Macro economy宏观经济 micro economy 微观经济,7. structural reform 体制改革 结构改革 Economic structural reform 经济结构改革 目前单纯依赖扩大基础设施投资拉动经济，势必加剧结构失衡；而继续吹大房地产泡沫，也只会增加宏观经济的风险。结构改革的迫切性加大。 8. Unsustainable a.不可持续的 Sustainable 可持续的 But dont confuse fast growth with sustainable growth. 但是不能把快速增长和可持续增长混为一谈,9. contribute to v.有助于，加剧 lead to = result in 导致 They may contribute to preventing severe disease . 他们有助于预防严重疾病 That can lead to serious con-sequences.这会导致严重的后果。 3. Negative impacts of swine flu or pandemic of H1N1 Virus on a global scale.,1. Virus vars n.病毒 The virus has infected the operating system of his computer. 病毒已使他的计算机操作系统受到传染。,Ways of Combating the Crisis To stimulate the flagging world economy, since the beginning of 2009 some strong and significant actions have been taken and are to be taken by big developed countries as well as developing countries. 1. combat v. fight against与战斗 We must combat our own shortcomings and errors. 我们必须与自己的缺点和错误做斗争。,2. Flagging a. shrinking 衰退的 3. Take action 采取行动 take defensive action 采取防御性行动 take decisive action 采取果断行动 Those actions, as said in the G20 Summit Statement are: 1. Providing liquidity including helping emerging and developing economies gain access to finance in current difficult financial conditions so as to unfreeze credit markets.,1. 20国集团是一个国际经济合作论坛，于1999年12月16日在德国柏林成立。 20国集团的成员国有：美国、中国、欧盟、英国、法国、德国 、俄罗斯、日本、印度、阿根廷、澳大利亚、巴西、加拿大、印度尼西亚、意大利、韩国、墨西哥、沙特阿拉伯、南非、土耳其。 2. Liquidity 流动性，偿债能力 3. Emerging economy 新兴经济体 新兴经济体，是指某一国家或地区经济蓬勃发展，成为新兴的经济实体。目前并没有一个准确的定义。,英国经济学家将新兴经济体分成两个梯队：第一梯队为中国、巴西、印度和俄罗斯，也称“金砖四国”；第二梯队包括墨西哥、韩国、南非、波兰、土耳其、哈萨克斯坦、埃及等“新钻”国家。 Brics 金砖5国 Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa. Kazakhstan ,ka:za:ksta:n哈萨克斯坦 Belarus belrs 白俄罗斯 Uzbekistan uz,bekist:n乌兹别克斯坦,4. developing economies发展中经济体 也称为发展中国家， 通常是指那些经济社会发展和人民生活水平相对较低，尚处于从传统农业社会向现代工业社会转变过程中的国家。 1995标准：按人均国民生产总值分三类： -765-1000-3000美元 5. gain access to取得使用机会；有接近的权利,6. Unfreeze v.使解冻 7. credit markets 信贷市场 信贷市场的主要功能是调剂暂时性或长期的资金余缺，促进国民经济的发展,2. Strengthening the capital of financial institutions. 3. Protecting savings and deposits of the people and enterprises. 4. Addressing regulatory deficiencies by enhancing sound regulation 1. Strengthen v.加强 Russia still needs to strengthen protection of property rights.俄罗斯仍需加强对财产权的保护。 2. financial institutions金融机构,3. savings and deposits储蓄与存款 saving deposits 储蓄存款 4. regulatory deficiencies监管不足 5. enhance v. 提高，增强 The candlelight enhanced her beauty. 烛光使她显得更美。 6. sound regulation健全的管理,5. Ensuring that international financial institutions can provide critical support for the global economy. 6. Reforming international financial institutions by enabling the poorest countries to have a greater voice and representation.,1. critical support 关键的支持 2. have a greater voice and representation有更大的发言权和更多的代表 Representative 代表，特指representation 代表，泛指 She is the representative of China in the meeting. China has no representation in the meeting.,7. Using both fiscal and monetary measures to stimulate domestic demand while maintaining a policy framework conducive to fiscal stability.,1. Fiscal 国库的，财政的 financial 金融的，财政的 fiscal deficit财政赤字 fiscal taxation财政税收 Financial crisis金融危机 Financial Accounting 财务会计；金融会计 2. policy framework政策框架 3. Be conducive to a.有益于，有助于 Androids open ecosystem is more conducive to malware. 安卓开放的软件生态系统更有助于恶意软件的滋生。,8. Ensuring that the IMF and World Bank and other influential financial institutions have sufficient resources to continue playing their role in overcoming the current world economic cri