英语语法系列讲座——比较归类法学习非谓语动词.ppt

比较归类法学习非谓语动词,非谓语动词的定义,非谓语动词的分类,不能单独充当句子谓语，而是担任其它语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。,不定式、动名词和分词（含现在分词和过去分词）。,非谓语动词的形式,非谓语动词的功能,非谓语动词的用法区别,不定式和动名词作主语的区别 不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 不定式和动名词作表语的区别 现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别 动名词和现在分词作表语的区别 现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别 不定式一般被动式、现在分词一般被动式和过去分词作定语的区别 及物动词的过去分词和不及物动词的过去分词作定语的区别 现在分词和动名词作定语的区别 现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别 不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别 现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别 不定式和现在分词作宾补的区别,一、不定式和动名词作主语的区别,表示泛指意义的行为时，多用动名词（也可用不定式）作主语；但表示具体的行为（特别是将来的行为）时，必须用不定式作主语。 eg) Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 To refuse him is not easy this time. （不可用动名词）,二、不定式和动名词作宾语的区别,1. like, love, hate, prefer等后接不定式作宾语时，多指特定或具体的行为；后接动名词做宾语时，多指一般的倾向。 eg) I like playing football. I like to play football after school this afternoon. 2. remember, forget, regret后接不定式作宾语时，这些动词的行为先于动词不定式的行为；后接动名词作宾语时，动名词的行为先于这些动词的行为。,eg) She looked so upset. I regret telling her the bad news. I regret to tell you that you failed in the exam. 3. mean, try, stop等动词后接不定式和动名词时意思完全不同。 mean to do 打算做某事 mean doing 意味着做某事 try to do 尽力做某事 try doing 尝试做某事 stop to do 停下来去做 stop doing 停止做某事 （另一件事）,三、不定式和动名词作表语的区别,不定式和动名词作表语的区别和作主语时一样。表示泛指意义的行为时，多用动名词作表语；表示特定和具体的行为时，常用不定式作表语。 eg) Their task is finding new ways to prevent pollution. Their present task is to find new ways to prevent pollution.,四、现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别,现在分词作表语时，分词所表示的动作与句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系（表示主动）；过去分词作表语时，分词所表示的动作与句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系（表示被动）。 eg) The film is so exciting that we want to see it a second time. We are so excited to see the film that we want to see it again.,五、动名词和现在分词作表语的区别,动名词作表语时，相当于名词，主语和表语的位置可以互换；现在分词作表语时，相当于形容词，不可与主语调换位置。 eg) My job is teaching.（动名词） (=Teaching is my job.) My job is interesting.（现在分词） (Interesting is my job.),六、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别,现在分词（一般式）作定语时，与所修饰的名词或代词之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系（表示主动）；及物动词的过去分词作定语时，与所修饰的名词或代词之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系（表示被动）。 eg) There were a lot of people waiting outside. Whats the language spoken in Australia?,七、不定式一般被动式、现在分词一般被动式和过去分词作定语的区别,不定式一般被动式、现在分词一般被动式和及物动词的过去分词作定语时都表示被动。不定式一般被动式作定语时，表示还未发生的被动动作；现在分词一般被动式作定语时，表示正在进行的被动动作；及物动词的过去分词作定语时，表示已经完成的被动动作。 eg) They are going to discuss the problem at the meeting to be held tomorrow. People are concerned with the meeting being held at present. He didnt turn up at the meeting held last night.,八、及物动词的过去分词和不及物动词的过去分词作定语的区别,及物动词的过去分词作定语时，既表示被动，又表示完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语时，不表示被动，只表示完成。 eg) The book, written in the last century, is still popular now. The ground is covered with fallen leaves. the risen sun boiled water a retired worker a developed country,九、现在分词和动名词作定语的区别,现在分词作定语时，表示动作或性质，可以作前置定语，也可作后置定语；动名词作定语时，表示用途，只能作前置定语。 eg) a sleeping boy（现在分词） = a boy who is sleeping a sleeping car（动名词） = a car for sleeping,十、现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别,现在分词作状语时，分词所表示的动作与句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系（表示主动）；过去分词作状语时，分词所表示的动作与句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系（表示被动）。 eg) Seeing a blind man crossing the street, she rushed up to help him. Seen from the top of the tower, the buildings of the city look like toys.,十一、不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别,不定式作结果状语时，往往表示出乎意料、令人沮丧的结果。而现在分词作结果状语时则没有这一含义。 eg) We went to the theatre in a hurry only to find that the tickets had been sold out. Her husband died last year, leaving her a large sum of money.,十二、现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别,现在分词作宾补时，分词所表示的动作与宾语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系（表示主动）；过去分词作宾补时，分词所表示的动作与宾语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系（表示被动）。 eg) They had the lights burning all night long. They had the wires repaired after the fire.,十三、不定式和现在分词作宾补的区别,see, watch, hear, listen等感官动词后跟不定式作宾补时，表示动作的全过程；跟现在分词作宾补时，表示动作正在进行。 eg) I heard him playing the piano when I returned home. Last night I went to the concert to hear the pianist play some wonderful pieces.,非谓语动词的用法比较归类,第一类（不定式和动名词） 不定式和动名词作主语的区别 不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 不定式和动名词作表语的区别 第二类（现在分词和过去分词） 现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别 现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别 现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别 现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别 第三类（其它） 动名词和现在分词作表语的区别 不定式一般被动式、现在分词一般被动式和过去分词作定语的区别 及物动词的过去分词和不及物动词的过去分词作定语的区别 现在分词和动名词作定语的区别 不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别 不定式和现在分词作宾补的区别,考查非谓语动词的2004年高考试题选录,_ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.（2004北京） A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited 2. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left.（2004福建） Ato tell Bto be told CTelling Dtold,C,B,3. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month ,he had a hard time_ the exam. （2004福 建） Apass Bto pass CPassed Dpassing 4. _ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.（2004广东） A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed,D,C,考查非谓语动词的2004年高考试题选录,5. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes.（2004广西） A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed 6. _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.（2004 湖北） ACompare BWhen comparing CComparing DWhen compared,C,D,考查非谓语动词的2004年高考试题选录,7. You were silly not _ your car.（2004湖南） A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked 8. The old man, _ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. （2004 江苏） A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked,B,D,考查非谓语动词的2004年高考试题选录,9. _ by the beauty of nature , the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.（2004辽宁） AAttracting BAttracted CTo be attracted DHaving attracted 10. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufactur- ing and Mining Company, _ as 3M.（2004 浙江） A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known,B,B,考查非谓语动词的2004年高考试题选录,11. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _.（2004重庆） A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry 12. Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth.（2004天津） A. run B. running C. being run D. to run,A,B,考查非谓语动词的2004年高考试题选录,13. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic g