步步高2014化学有机大一轮复习第九章第6讲.ppt

第6讲 生命中的基础有机化学物质,【考纲要求】,1.了解糖类的组成和性质特点，能举例说明糖类在食品加工 和生物能源开发上的应用。 2.了解氨基酸的组成、结构特点和主要化学性质；了解氨基 酸与人体健康的关系。 3.了解蛋白质的组成、结构和性质。 4.了解化学科学在生命科学发展中所起的重要作用。,知识梳理题型构建,知识梳理题型构建,油脂,油,脂肪,高级脂肪酸,甘油,酯,C、H、O,知识梳理题型构建,油脂,知识梳理题型构建,油脂,知识梳理题型构建,油脂,大,【递进题组】,题组一,题组二,知识梳理题型构建,1,2,3,知识梳理题型构建,B,题组一,题组二,1,2,3,知识梳理题型构建,题组一,题组二,1,2,3,知识梳理题型构建,D,题组二 皂化反应实验,题组一,题组二,1,2,3,知识梳理题型构建,糖类,多羟基醛,多羟基酮,多羟基醛或多羟基酮,知识梳理题型构建,糖类,知识梳理题型构建,糖类,知识梳理题型构建,糖类,均为C12H22O11,不含,含有,葡萄糖和果糖,葡萄糖,互为同分异构体,水解,知识梳理题型构建,糖类,知识梳理题型构建,知识梳理题型构建,知识梳理题型构建,【递进题组】,题组一,1,2,题组二,3,4,5,6,7,知识梳理题型构建,D,题组一,1,2,题组二,3,4,5,6,7,知识梳理题型构建,B,题组一,1,2,题组二,3,4,5,6,7,题组一 糖类的概念、组成和性质,知识梳理题型构建,CD,题组一,1,2,题组二,3,4,5,6,7,题组一 糖类的概念、组成和性质,知识梳理题型构建,解题指导 核糖为多羟基醛，具有OH与CHO的性质。,题组一,1,2,题组二,3,4,5,6,7,题组一 糖类的概念、组成和性质,知识梳理题型构建,题组一,1,2,题组二,3,4,5,6,7,题组一 糖类的概念、组成和性质,答案 B,知识梳理题型构建,题组一,1,2,题组二,3,4,5,6,7,知识梳理题型构建,思路点拨 解答本题时要注意两点，一是淀粉和葡萄糖的检验方案，二是葡萄糖的银镜反应要在碱性条件下进行。,题组一,1,2,题组二,3,4,6,7,5,题组二 有关水解的综合考查,知识梳理题型构建,题组一,1,2,题组二,3,4,5,6,7,题组二 有关水解的综合考查,知识梳理题型构建,题组一,1,2,题组二,3,4,5,6,7,题组二 有关水解的综合考查,答案 D,知识梳理题型构建,题组一,1,2,题组二,3,4,5,6,7,题组二 有关水解的综合考查,知识梳理题型构建,题组一,1,2,题组二,3,4,5,6,7,题组二 有关水解的综合考查,答案 AC,知识梳理题型构建,知识梳理题型构建,知识梳理题型构建,知识梳理题型构建,实验现象及结论：,知识梳理题型构建,氨基酸和蛋白质,氨基酸,知识梳理题型构建,氨基酸和蛋白质,酸,碱,氨基,羧基,知识梳理题型构建,氨基酸和蛋白质,C、H、O、N、S,缩聚反应,氨基酸,知识梳理题型构建,氨基酸和蛋白质,可逆,不可逆,苯基,知识梳理题型构建,氨基酸和蛋白质,催化,【递进题组】,知识梳理题型构建,题组一,1,2,题组二,3,4,5,6,7,题组三,知识梳理题型构建,C,题组一,1,2,题组二,3,4,5,6,7,题组三,知识梳理题型构建,D,题组一,1,2,题组二,3,4,5,6,7,题组三,题组一 氨基酸的结构与性质,知识梳理题型构建,解题指导 天然蛋白质都是由氨基酸缩聚而成的,在加热、酸、碱、紫外线、重金属盐的作用下能变性。,C,题组一,1,2,题组二,3,4,5,6,7,题组三,知识梳理题型构建,AB,题组一,1,2,题组二,3,4,5,6,7,题组三,题组二 蛋白质的组成和性质,知识梳理题型构建,D,题组一,1,2,题组二,3,4,5,6,7,题组三,题组二 蛋白质的组成和性质,知识梳理题型构建,题组一,1,2,题组二,3,4,5,6,7,题组三,知识梳理题型构建,加成反应,题组一,1,2,题组二,3,4,5,6,7,题组三,题组三 有关脱水反应综合考查,知识梳理题型构建,题组一,1,2,题组二,3,4,5,6,7,题组三,题组三 有关脱水反应综合考查,知识梳理题型构建,题组一,1,2,题组二,3,4,5,6,7,题组三,题组三 有关脱水反应综合考查,知识梳理题型构建,题组一,1,2,题组二,3,4,5,6,7,题组三,题组三 有关脱水反应综合考查,知识梳理题型构建,题组一,1,2,题组二,3,4,5,6,题组三,7,题组三 有关脱水反应综合考查,知识梳理题型构建,题组一,1,2,题组二,3,4,5,6,题组三,7,题组三 有关脱水反应综合考查,知识梳理题型构建,知识梳理题型构建,知识梳理题型构建,知识梳理题型构建,知识梳理题型构建,知识梳理题型构建,知识梳理题型构建,知识梳理题型构建,探究高考明确考向,1,2,3,【考题训练】,探究高考明确考向,1,2,3,探究高考明确考向,1,2,3,探究高考明确考向,1,2,3,探究高考明确考向,1,2,3,探究高考明确考向,1,2,3,探究高考明确考向,1,2,3,探究高考明确考向,1,2,3,答案 C,探究高考明确考向,D,1,2,3,本讲内容结束 请完成练出高分,练出高分,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,练出高分,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,练出高分,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,答案 B,练出高分,B,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,练出高分,D,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,练出高分,A,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,练出高分,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,练出高分,1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,5,答案 C,练出高分,A,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,练出高分,C,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,练出高分,CD,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,练出高分,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,练出高分,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,答案 A C,练出高分,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,练出高分,HOCH2(CHOH)4CHO,HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH,HOOC(CHOH)4COOH,HOCH2(CHOH)4CH2OH,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,练出高分,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,练出高分,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,练出高分,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,练出高分,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,练出高分,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,练出高分,多,葡萄糖,加成,C(CH2OH)3CHO,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,练出高分,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9