基于高速摄像技术的水稻钵盘精量播种装置投种过程分析.pdf

第 28 卷增刊 2农 业 工 程 学 报Vol.28Supp.2 2012 年10 月Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural EngineeringOct. 2012197 Analysis on dropping processing of precision sowing device in rice seeding bowl by high- speed photography Tao Guixiang1, Yi Shujuan2, Wang Chun1, Mao Xin1 (1. Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University Engineering College, Daqing 163319, China; 2. Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University College of) Abstract: In order to uncover the dropping processing of precision sowing device in rice seeding bowl, the process of dropping and motion manner of rice by the assembled of rice bowl dish precision sowing device was photographed on line by the high- speed photography. By observing and analyzing the reproduction of the photographed pictures, there exist different types of rice movement such as rotation, deflection etc. The trajectory is the quadratic curve, the vertical velocity increases with time but not increase by linear, by fitting the model in line with Yield Density, rice seed horizontal displacement are related to vertical displacement. Considering the rate and efficiency of dropping, 31 mm is determined as the maximum of the vertical displacement. The results provide the theoretic foundation for the dropping rate of precision sowing device in rice seeding bowl. Key words: high speed photography, seed, rice, seed metering devices, dropping process doi：10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.z2.034 CLC number: S23.2Document code: AArticle ID: 1002-6819(2012)-Supp.2-0197-05 Tao Guixiang, Yi Shujuan, Wang Chun, et al. Observation and analysis on rice bowl dish precision sowing device in dropping processing by high- speed photographJ. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2012, 28(Supp.2): 197201. (in English with Chinese abstract) 陶桂香， 衣淑娟， 汪春， 等. 基于高速摄像技术的水稻钵盘精量播种装置投种过程分析J. 农业工程学报， 2012， 28(增刊2)：197201. 0Introduction Sowing devices are the core components of the planter, the quality of their operations directly affect performance of the planter. The sowing device in accordance with its working principle is mainly divided into three kinds: mechanical, pneumatic and vibrating. Mechanical seeding device with stable operating performance, the simple construction, low cost and high productivity has become the most widelymodelsusedintheChinesemarket1- 4. According to agronomic requirements, Seeding device must ensure that the rice seed in a vertical position into seedling tray hole one- to- one correspondence with shaping orifices, however, the actual process of rice- investing exist great randomness and uncertainty5- 6, Received date：2011- 10- 21Revised date：2012- 08- 20 Foundation item：Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education jointly funded subject（No.：305110002）,Heilongjiang Provincial Science and Technology projects(GZ11B109) Biography：Tao Guixiang (1976), Female, PhD, Major in rice sowing device, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University Engineering College, Daqing163319. Email: tgx1996 . Corresponding author：Yi Shujuan (1965), Female, PhD , Major in rice sowing device, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University Engineering College, Daqing163319. Email:yishujuan_2005 . therefore it is still very difficult to reveal the sowing device investment mechanism , to identify the posture affecting rice seed falling into the seedling tray hole, toidentify casttimeandthefactorsoflevel displacement. High- speed photograph technology can be used to take photos of a series of images of the target movement in a very short time interval, by the postion, displacement and time interval of the two images on the same target in a certain interval, the parameters of the target movement was calculated high- speed photograph technology can reproduce the movement of objects in slow motion and thus we can observe the movement in every detail. Domestic and foreign experts have been carried out high- speed photograph technology in agricultural research7- 12, suchas Wang Zaiman used high- speed photography technology to analyze the rice seeds flowing rule13; Yuan Yue- ming observed the actual working of rice seed dropping and uniformity of seed spacing by high- speed photography technology14; Jin Hanxue optimizedthemainstructuralparametersof high- speed photography technology on the gas suction verticaldiscsowingdevice.Byhigh- speed photography technology analysis, he found out the reason for the rice seeds flying out and proposed improvementmeasures15,etal.Applyingthe 农业工程学报2012 年 198 technology of high- speed photography technology indicated that in the study of the seeding cast device, High- speed photograph technology can be used to observe the law of motion in casting seeds16- 18. For this purpose, high- speed photography technique was used to analyze the dropping process rice bowl- seeding nursery tray precision seeding and the effect for seed spacing uniformity with the gesture of seeds, time of rice seed performance. 1 Structural principle of rice bowl dish precision seeder in dropping processing Device of dropping the rice seed is mainly composed of cell plate, flap, tongue of clearing seed, etc(Fig.1). When the filling process is completed, a certain amount of rice seeds filled in cell, flap rotation by shaft, under the action of friction, gravity and inertial force etc. rice seed and flap produce relative motion. When the flap turns at a certain angle, rice seed and flap separate. After the separation, rice seed with a certain initial velocity along a certain falling trajectory fall into the seedling tray hole by its own gravity. 1.Cell plate2.Rice seed3.Flap4.Tongue of Clearing seed5.Shaft 6.seedling tray7. Nutritive soil Fig.1State sketch of dropping process of rice seed 2Experimental materials, equipment and conditions 2.1Experimentalmaterials and equipment Varieties of rice seed is Kongyu131, the length of the bud is 12 mm, moisture content is 24%25%, the mass of 1 000 g rains is 32.44 g; The device is United States V5.1 high- speed camera, framing rate is 500 f/s. 2.2Experimental conditions Flap angular velocity respectively was 13 r/min. Diameter of cell was 10 mm, thickness of cell was 4 mm (Fig.2). Fig.2State sketch ofcell 3Results and analysis 3.1Observation of rice seed movement in dropping processing Under the conditions of a rice seed in shaping orifice, we observe and collect stance and the trajectory of rice seed by high- speed photography technology in dropping processing (Fig.3). Taking six pictures in dropping processing, it can be seen by playing slow image that rice seed in cell is separated under the rotation of the flap. Rice seed at the flap edge separates from flap when the flap rotation angle is small. Rice seed in the flap inside remain stationary under the action of friction when the flap rotation angle is small, with the increase in the flap rotation angle, rice seed begins to move slowly. When the flap rotation angle is greater than the friction angle, the rice seed separates from flap. After separation, rice seed trajectory is quadratic curve. Initially, rice seed moves slowly, then it moves fast with time increasing. Rice seed falls into the lower left of cell. There are different types of movement of rice seeds such as rotation, deflection, et al. 增刊 2陶桂香等：基于高速摄像技术的水稻钵盘精量播种装置投种过程分析 199 Note: 1- 6 is the order of rice seed in dropping processing; a is the rice seed; h is vertical displacement. Fig.3Dropping process of rice seed 3.2Analysis on rice seed motion discipline in the dropping process Fig.4 and Fig.5 shows the relationship between trajectory, velocity and time. Fig.3 shows: the overall trend of the different position rice seed the trajectory is consistent in dropping processing, accelerated motion to the left. After rice seed and flap separate, rice seed trajectory is quadratic curve (Table 1). Rice seedhorizontaldisplacementincreasedwiththe increasing vertical displacement, when the vertical displacement is 26 mm, the minimum value of horizontal displacement is 8.82 mm, the max value of horizontal displacement is 24.78 mm, the difference is15.96 mm ; when the vertical displacement is 31 mm, the minimum value of horizontal displacement is 10.12 mm, the max value of horizontal displacement is 27.81 mm, the difference is 17.69 mm; when the vertical displacement of 32 mm, the minimum value of horizontal displacement is 10.35 mm, the max value of horizontal displacement is 28.79 mm, the difference is 18.44 mm. Vertical displacement is smaller, the gap is the smaller between rice seed horizontal displacement, In practical work, diameter of bowl dish is 17.8 mm, therefore the maximum of vertical displacement is 31 mm. Fig.4Motion trace of rice seed Table 1Motion trace equations of rice seed LocationRegression equationsCorrelation coefficient 1y1=13.6596 0.779526x1+0.090399x120.9953 2y2= 1.1784+2.6917x2+0.044415x220.9962 3y3=38.7480 1.2860x3+0.056130x320.9965 4y4=5.2793 0.233234x4+0.084517x420.9979 5y5= 2.1495+0.367118x5+0.063790x250.9935 6y6=37.5694 2.9007x6+0.110633x620.9918 7y7=104.8785 7.3405x7+0.168256x720.9940 8y8=82.8939 5.9734x8+0.148576x820.9980 9y9=3.8129 0.067489x9+0.051970x920.9980 10y10=58.3129 6.0244x10+0.259221x1020.9967 Fig.5a- 5c shows, 1) when rice seed horizontal velocity is small, the vertical velocity is greater than horizontalvelocity.Theverticalvelocityisa dominant factor of resultant velocity. Vertical velocity determines the time in dropping processing, the greater the vertical velocity, the shorter time in dropping processing; Rice seed horizontal velocity affectshorizontaldisplacement,thegreaterthe horizontal velocity, the greater is the horizontal displacement. 2) The overall velocity trend of ten different rice seed positions is consistent in rice seed dropping processing, Horizontal velocity increased with time and then remain unchanged at the start of the dropping. Before rice seed and flap separating, horizontal speed, vertical speed, resultant velocity slowly increase under the action of friction, inertial force etc. Rice seed velocity is Yield Density model (Table 2). After rice seed and flap separate, movement conservationinhorizontaldirection,horizontal velocity remain unchanged. Vertical velocity and the resultantvelocitylinearlyincreaseswithtime. Relationship between velocity and time presence fluctuate, because there are different types movement of rice seed such as rotation, deflection etc. 农业工程学报2012 年 200 a Relationship between horizon velocity and timeb. Relationship between vertical velocity and time c. Relationship between resultant velocity and time Fig.5Relationships of horizon, vertical and resultant velocities with time Table 2Resultant velocity equations of rice seed LocationRegression equations Correlation coefficient 1v1=1/(164.5661 1212.7034 t1+2238.3843 t12)0.9941 2v2=1/(53.4422 280.6442 t2+370.0262 t22)0.9962 3v3=1/(23.5672 174.9710 t3+328.4520 t32)0.9965 4v4=1/(30.2561 167.9880 t4+234.9286 t42)0.9902 5v5=1/(37.4154 257.4279 t5+445.3893 t52)0.9903 6v6=1/(10.0708 92.8633 t6+219.1880 t62)0.9910 7v7=1/(7.5779 81.5809 t7+226.4630 t72)0.9932 8v8=1/(2.5852 26.3321 t8+72.8235 t82)0.9939 9v9=1/(6.7952 58.1281 t9+128.4421 t92)0.9899 10v10=1/(2.3480 28.0046 t10+91.2253 t102)0.9923 4Conclusion 1) The results showed that after rice seed and flap separate, rice seed trajectory is quadratic curve and there were different types movement of rice seed such as rotation, deflection etc. 2) The horizontal velocity of rice seed falling are related to vertical displacement. 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