2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案.doc

2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题12006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)ThehomelessmakeupagrowingpercentageofAmericaspopulation.大1家homelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthatlocalgovernmentscantpossibly大2家.Tohelphomelesspeople大3家independence,thefederalgovernmentmustsupportjobtrainingprograms,大4家theminimumwage,andfundmorelow-costhousing.大5家everyoneagreesonthenumberofAmericanswhoarehomeless.Estimates大6家anywherefrom600,000to3million.大7家thefiguremayvary,analystsdoagreeonanothermatter:thatthenumberofthehomelessis大8家.Oneofthefederalgovernmentsstudies大9家thatthenumberofthehomelesswillreachnearly19millionbytheendofthisdecade.Findingwaysto大10家thisgrowinghomelesspopulationhasbecomeincreasinglydifficult.大11家whenhomelessindividualsmanagetofinda大12家thatwillgivethemthreemealsadayandaplacetosleepatnight,agoodnumberstillspendthebulkofeachday大13家thestreet.Partoftheproblemisthatmanyhomelessadultsareaddictedtoalcoholordrugs.Andasignificantnumberofthehomelesshaveseriousmentaldisorders.Manyothers,大14家notaddictedormentallyill,simplylacktheeveryday大15家skillsneededtoturntheirlives大16家.BostonGlobereporterChrisReidynotesthatthesituationwillimproveonlywhenthereare大17家programsthataddressthemanyneedsofthehomeless.大18家EdwardZlotkowski,directorofcommunityserviceatBentleyCollegeinMassachusetts,大19家it,“Therehastobe大20家ofprograms.Whatsneededisapackagedeal.”1.AIndeedBLikewiseCThereforeDFurthermore2.AstandBcope2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题2CapproveDretain3.AinBforCwithDtoward4.AraiseBaddCtakeDkeep5.AgenerallyBalmostChardlyDnot6.AcoverBchangeCrangeDdiffer7.ANowthatBAlthoughCProvidedDExceptthat8.AinflatingBexpandingCincreasingDextending2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题39.ApredictsBdisplaysCprovesDdiscovers10.AassistBtrackCsustainDdismiss11.AHenceBButCEvenDOnly12.AlodgingBshelterCdwellingDhouse13.AsearchingBstrollingCcrowdingDwandering14.AwhenBonceCwhileDwhereas15.AlifeBexistence2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题4CsurvivalDmaintenance16.AaroundBoverConDup17.AcomplexBcomprehensiveCcomplementaryDcompensating18.ASoBSinceCAsDThus19.AputsBinterpretsCassumesDmakes20.AsupervisionBmanipulationCregulationDcoordinationSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题5Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,C,orD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Inspiteof“endlesstalkofdifference,”Americansocietyisanamazingmachineforhomogenizingpeople.Thereis“thedemocratizinguniformityofdressanddiscourse,andthecasualnessandabsenceofdeference”characteristicofpopularculture.Peopleareabsorbedinto“acultureofconsumption”launchedbythe19th-centurydepartmentstoresthatoffered“vastarraysofgoodsinanelegantatmosphere.Insteadofintimateshopscateringtoaknowledgeableelite,”thesewerestores“anyonecouldenter,regardlessofclassorbackground.Thisturnedshoppingintoapublicanddemocraticact.”Themassmedia,advertisingandsportsareotherforcesforhomogenization.Immigrantsarequicklyfittingintothiscommonculture,whichmaynotbealtogetherelevatingbutishardlypoisonous.WritingfortheNationalImmigrationForum,GregoryRodriguezreportsthattodaysimmigrationisneitheratunprecedentedlevelsnorresistanttoassimilation.In1998immigrantswere9.8percentofpopulation；in1900,13.6percent.Inthe10yearspriorto1990,3.1immigrantsarrivedforevery1,000residents；inthe10yearspriorto1890,9.2forevery1,000.Now,considerthreeindicesofassimilation-language,homeownershipandintermarriage.The1990Censusrevealedthat“amajorityofimmigrantsfromeachofthefifteenmostcommoncountriesoforiginspokeEnglishwellorverywellaftertenyearsofresidence.”ThechildrenofimmigrantstendtobebilingualandproficientinEnglish.“Bythethirdgeneration,theoriginallanguageislostinthemajorityofimmigrantfamilies.”HencethedescriptionofAmericaasa“graveyard”forlanguages.By1996foreign-bornimmigrantswhohadarrivedbefore1970hadahomeownershiprateof75.6percent,higherthanthe69.8percentrateamongnative-bornAmericans.Foreign-bornAsiansandHispanics“havehigherratesofintermarriagethandoU.S.-bornwhitesandblacks.”Bythethirdgeneration,onethirdofHispanicwomenaremarriedtonon-Hispanics,and41percentofAsian-Americanwomenaremarriedtonon-Asians.RodrigueznotesthatchildreninremotevillagesaroundtheworldarefansofsuperstarslikeArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooks,yet“someAmericansfearthatimmigrantslivingwithintheUnitedStatesremainsomehowimmunetothenationsassimilativepower.”AretheredivisiveissuesandpocketsofseethingangerinAmerica?Indeed.Itisbigenough2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题6tohaveabitofeverything.ButparticularlywhenviewedagainstAmericasturbulentpast,todayssocialindiceshardlysuggestadarkanddeterioratingsocialenvironment.21.Theword“homogenizing”(Line2,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans_.AidentifyingBassociatingCassimilatingDmonopolizing22.Accordingtotheauthor,thedepartmentstoresofthe19thcentury_.AplayedaroleinthespreadofpopularcultureBbecameintimateshopsforcommonconsumersCsatisfiedtheneedsofaknowledgeableeliteDoweditsemergencetothecultureofconsumption23.ThetextsuggeststhatimmigrantsnowintheU.S._.AareresistanttohomogenizationBexertagreatinfluenceonAmericancultureCarehardlyathreattothecommoncultureDconstitutethemajorityofthepopulation24.WhyareArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooksmentionedinParagraph5?AToprovetheirpopularityaroundtheworld.BTorevealthepublicsfearofimmigrants.CTogiveexamplesofsuccessfulimmigrants.DToshowthepowerfulinfluenceofAmericanculture.25.Intheauthorsopinion,theabsorptionofimmigrantsintoAmericansocietyis_.ArewardingBsuccessfulCfruitlessDharmful2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题7Text2Stratford-on-Avon,asweallknow,hasonlyoneindustry-WilliamShakespeare-buttherearetwodistinctlyseparateandincreasinglyhostilebranches.ThereistheRoyalShakespeareCompany(RSC),whichpresentssuperbproductionsoftheplaysattheShakespeareMemorialTheatreontheAvon.Andtherearethetownsfolkwholargelyliveoffthetouristswhocome,nottoseetheplays,buttolookatAnneHathawaysCottage,Shakespearesbirthplaceandtheothersights.TheworthyresidentsofStratforddoubtthatthetheatreaddsapennytotheirrevenue.TheyfranklydisliketheRSCsactors,themwiththeirlonghairandbeardsandsandalsandnoisiness.ItsalldeliciouslyironicwhenyouconsiderthatShakespeare,whoearnstheirliving,washimselfanactor(withabeard)anddidhisshareofnoise-making.Thetouriststreamsarenotentirelyseparate.Thesightseerswhocomebybus-andoftentakeinWarwickCastleandBlenheimPalaceontheside-dontusuallyseetheplays,andsomeofthemareevensurprisedtofindatheatreinStratford.However,theplaygoersdomanagealittlesight-seeingalongwiththeirplaygoing.Itistheplaygoers,theRSCcontends,whobringinmuchofthetownsrevenuebecausetheyspendthenight(someofthemfourorfivenights)pouringcashintothehotelsandrestaurants.Thesightseerscantakeineverythingandgetoutoftownbynightfall.ThetownsfolkdontseeitthiswayandlocalcouncildoesnotcontributedirectlytothesubsidyoftheRoyalShakespeareCompany.Stratfordcriespoortraditionally.Neverthelesseveryhotelintownseemstobeaddinganewwingorcocktaillounge.Hiltonisbuildingitsownhotelthere,whichyoumaybesurewillbedecoratedwithHamletHamburgerBars,theLearLounge,theBanquoBanquetingRoom,andsoforth,andwillbeveryexpensive.Anyway,thetownsfolkcantunderstandwhytheRoyalShakespeareCompanyneedsasubsidy.(Thetheatrehasbrokenattendancerecordsforthreeyearsinarow.Lastyearits1,431seatswere94percentoccupiedallyearlongandthisyeartheylldobetter.)Thereason,ofcourse,isthatcostshaverocketedandticketpriceshavestayedlow.ItwouldbeashametoraisepricestoomuchbecauseitwoulddriveawaytheyoungpeoplewhoareStratfordsmostattractiveclientele.Theycomeentirelyfortheplays,notthesights.Theyallseemtolookalike(thoughtheycomefromallover)-lean,pointed,dedicatedfaces,wearingjeansandsandals,eatingtheirbunsandbeddingdownforthenightontheflagstonesoutsidethetheatretobuythe20seatsand80standing-roomticketsheldforthesleepersandsoldtothemwhentheboxofficeopensat10:30a.m.2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题826.Fromthefirsttwoparagraphs,welearnthat_.AthetownsfolkdenytheRSCscontributiontothetownsrevenueBtheactorsoftheRSCimitateShakespeareonandoffstageCthetwobranchesoftheRSCarenotongoodtermsDthetownsfolkearnlittlefromtourism27.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that_.AthesightseerscannotvisittheCastleandthePalaceseparatelyBtheplaygoersspendmoremoneythanthesightseersCthesightseersdomoreshoppingthantheplaygoersDtheplaygoersgotonootherplacesintownthanthetheater28.Bysaying“Stratfordcriespoortraditionally”(Line2-3,Paragraph4),theauthorimpliesthat_.AStratfordcannotaffordtheexpansionprojectsBStratfordhaslongbeeninfinancialdifficultiesCthetownisnotreallyshortofmoneyDthetownsfolkusedtobepoorlypaid29.Accordingtothetownsfolk,theRSCdeservesnosubsidybecause_.AticketpricescanberaisedtocoverthespendingBthecompanyisfinanciallyill-managedCthebehavioroftheactorsisnotsociallyacceptableDthetheatreattendanceisontherise30.Fromthetextwecanconcludethattheauthor_.AissupportiveofbothsidesBfavorsthetownsfolksviewCtakesadetachedattitudeDissympathetictotheRSC2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题9Text3Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld,somethingstrangehappenedtothelargeanimals.Theysuddenlybecameextinct.Smallerspeciessurvived.Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.WhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafromfisheriesaroundtheworld.Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass(theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter)offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals)inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.Dr.Wormacknowledgesthatthesefiguresareconservative.Onereasonforthisisthatfishingtechnologyhasimproved.Todaysvesselscanfindtheirpreyusingsatellitesandsonar,whichwerenotavailable50yearsago.Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferenceb