2020版高考英语大一轮复习第1部分Unit2Cloning教案（含解析）新人教版选修8.docx

Unit 2 Cloning话题单词1argumentn争论2bann&v禁止3advantagen优点disadvantagen缺点4reasonableadj.合乎情理的5affectv影响6disagreev不同意7complainv抱怨；投诉8conflictn冲突9differvi.不同；发生分歧10seriousadj.严重的11effectn影响12boycottvt./n.(联合)抵制；拒绝参与13conversationn对话14spiritualadj.心灵的，精神的15teamworkn协力，配合话题短语1hottopic热点话题2heateddiscussion热烈的讨论3objectto/beagainst反对4agree/be for/infavorof同意/赞成5haveaneffect/impact/influenceon对有影响6beworthconsidering值得考虑7beconcernedabout关心8intermsof从角度9asoundattitude正确的态度10contributetosolvingtheproblemof有助于问题的解决11medicalbreakthrough医学上的突破12scienceandtechnology科学技术13testoutthetheorybyexperiment用实验检验理论14turnout结果是15befacedwithvariedpressures面对各种压力16havesomething/much/little/nothingtodowith与有点/有很大/没有关系话题佳句1Thinktwicebeforeyoudo.三思而后行。2Weshouldweightheadvantagesanddisadvantages.我们应该权衡利弊。3Nowadaysmanycountriesdoresearchoncloning.现在许多国家研究克隆。4Peoplesideasofcloningdiffer.人们对克隆有不同的看法。5Somefeelcastdownbecausetheythinkthatitisnotmorallyreasonableandshouldbeforbidden.有些人很沮丧，他们认为这在伦理上是不合理的，应该被禁止。6Actuallymanycountriesundertakeitandobtaingreatbreakthroughs，andthereforeweareunabletoresistit.实际上许多国家从事这个课题并获得重大的突破，所以我们无法抗拒它。佳作背诵目前，科技的发展如此之快已超出了我们的想象，克隆技术成为世界上最先进的技术之一。针对这一技术，有人支持，有人却反对。根据下面的表格，用英语写一篇文章，并阐述自己的态度和看法。支持1.制造器官挽救生命(如：治愈癌症)。2帮助不能生育的人拥有孩子。3帮助想克隆自己去世的亲人的人。反对1.对人的生命不尊重，生命将不再唯一。2在动物界创造出更多的疾病。3使地球人口激增。你的看法Scienceisdevelopingsofastthatitisbeyondourimagination.Cloningisoneofthemostadvancedtechnologies.Isitgoodorbad？Differentpeoplehavedifferentopinions.Somepeopleareinfavourofcloningtechnology.Theythinkthetechnologyisofgreatbenefit.Firstly，itcanbeusedtoproducevaluabletissuesandorgansthatcouldbeusedtocurediseaseslikecancer.Secondly，itcanhelpthosewhoareunabletohaveababybutwantababygeneticallyrelatedtothemselves.Besides，itcanhelpthosewhowanttoclonetheirdeadrelatives.However，afewpeopleobjecttoit.Theybelievecloningshowsnorespectforhumanlife，andhumanlifewouldnolongerbeunique.Moreseriously，itwouldcreatemorediseasesintheanimalworldandcauseEarthspopulationtoincreasefast.Inmyopinion，althoughthetechniqueisbeneficialtomankindinmanyaspects，cloninghumanbeingswillbeatthecostoftheexistenceofmankinditself.识记思考运用1核心单词castvt.扔；投；掷retirevi.退休；离开obtainvt.获得；赢得merelyadv.仅仅；只不过vainadj.虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的attainvt.获得；到达(水平、年龄、状况等)owevt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于forbid (forbade/forbad，forbidden) vt.禁止；不准strike (struck/struck) vi.&vt.&n打；撞击；罢工retirevi.退休；离开retirementn退休exactadj.精确的；准确的exactlyadv.精确地，准确地castvt.扔；投；掷cast/cast (过去式/过去分词)differvi.不同；相异differentadj.不同的differencen不同；不同之处bothervt.打扰vi.操心n烦扰bothersomeadj.引起麻烦的，困扰人的2阅读单词clawn爪；脚爪operan歌剧turkeyn.火鸡hatchv.(鸟、鸡)孵蛋adorevt.崇拜；爱慕；喜爱correctionn.改正，纠正chorusn合唱；合唱队initialadj.开始的，最初的proceduren程序；步骤；手续accumulatevt.&vi.积累；聚积drawbackn缺点，不利条件reasonableadj.合乎情理的breakthroughn.重大进展，突破constitutionn.宪法，章程，体质commercialadj.商业的；营利的；靠广告收入的arbitraryadj.随心所欲的，独裁的，专断的straightforwardadj.简单的，坦率的undertake (undertook；undertaken) vt.着手；从事；承担conservativeadj.保守的，守旧的；保守主义的；谨慎的n保守的人，保守主义compulsoryn(花样滑冰、竞技体操等的)规定动作adj.义务的；必修的；被强制的mediumn.媒介；手段；工具pl.Mediadecoratev装饰；布置decorationn.装饰；装修commercialadj.商业的；贸易的commercen商业；贸易moraladj.道德(上)的；伦理的morallyadv.道德上地；伦理上地accumulatevt.&vi.积累；聚积accumulationn积累；聚积assumptionn假定；设想assumev以为；设想；承担；呈现regulationn规则，规章；法规regulatev规范；调节regularadj.定期的，有规律的；正规的resistvt.抵抗；对抗resistancen抵抗；对抗resistantadj.有抵抗力的；抵制的objectvi.反对；不赞成objectionn不赞成；反对；异议objectiveadj.真实的；客观的；无偏见的用上面所给单词的适当形式填空1IdidntsaythatIwantedtobuyitbutmerely(mere)askedfortheprice.2Hisexplanationwasnotreasonable(reason)，soallofusdidntacceptit.3JackieChanenjoysgreatpopularity(popular) bothinHongKongandinland.4Thepurposeofeducationisnotonlytheaccumulationofknowledge.Anditalsomeansaccumulatingintelligenceaswellasabilities.(accumulate)5Fromtheappearance，wecannottellthedifferencesbetweenthetwins，thoughtheyalwayshavesomedifferentideas.Andasforthisphenomenon，ideasdifferamongmanypeople.(differ)6Greydecidedtomovetothecountrysideandhismothermadenoobjectiontoit，whilehisfatherobjectedtoit.(object)7Dontassumethatyouareaprincessandstoplivinginassumptionsanymore.(assume)8Nowadaysfewpeoplecanresistthetemptationofmoney，whoeverisresistanttoitisboundtoachievealotintheirlife.(resist)9Heretiredfromthepostasamanager.Afterhisretirement，hesettleddowninaremotevillage.(retire)10WhenyousetupyourpasswordsontheInternet，youdbettercomplicatethem，becausethemorecomplicatedyourpasswordsare，thesaferyourInternetbecomes.(complicate)1“完全地”全掌握altogether总共；完全地entirely彻底地，完全地completely完全地；圆满地，全面地totally完全地；总共2快速掌握“获得”家族receive收到，得到(信、命令、请帖等)；接受(欢迎，请愿等)get获得；赚得；赢得obtain得到，获得；达到(目的)acquire获得；招致；学得；养成(习惯等)gain获得；赢得，打胜(战争、官司)beavailable可以得到的，可以买到的3“职场经历”的高频词速记applyvt.&vi.申请appointvt.任命；委派dismissvt.免的职；解雇；开除firevt.开除；解雇interviewvt.接见；采访；面试promotevt.提升；晋升resignvi.辞职vt.辞去retirevi.退休；离开4带后缀ology的相关词汇集锦sociologyn社会学technologyn技术；工艺zoologyn动物学archaeologyn考古学5resist形容词集锦resistv抵抗insistv坚持assistv协助assistantn助手consistvi.由组成consistentadj.始终如一的识记思考运用1动词介词(副词)payoff得到好结果；取得成功；偿清castdown沮丧；不愉快objectto反对owe.to.把归功于2in名词(of)infavourof赞成；支持invain白费力气；枉费心机ingood/poor condition 状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏3其他形式(be) boundto (do).一定或注定(做)oonesheart使刻骨铭心fromtimetotime不时；偶尔bringbacktolife使复生；使复活用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空1Thehousereallyisinpoorconditionitwouldcostfartoomuchtorepair.2Thedoctordidallhecouldtobringhimbacktolife.3Weareboundtomeetwithdifficultiesincarryingoutthisresearch.4FrankwonthefirstprizeinthenationalEnglishcompetition，andhiseffortsatlastpaidoff.5Ihavetoldheraboutourplan，andsheisinfavourofit.6Hewascastdownbecausehewasscolded.7Trafficaccidentshappenfromtimetotimeonthisroad.8MountainTaistruckitsbeautyintoherheartandshedecidedtovisititagainthenextyear.1“动词副词”回顾再记breakdown坏掉；分解；垮下来breakup打碎；分解bringdown使降低，使下降comeout出现，出版，结果是cutdown砍倒；削减getover克服makeout辨认出putaway收起；储存setaside拨出；置于一旁setoff出发，引爆2“in名词of”常用搭配inhonorof为纪念inchargeof负责，掌管intermsof依据，根据inpraiseof赞扬infavorof支持，赞同inneedof需要在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通背原句学句型练仿写1.ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。then位于句首，句子用全部倒装语序。that引导同位语从句。接着传来了屠呦呦，一位女科学家，获得诺贝尔奖的令人兴奋的消息。ThencametheexcitingnewsthatTuYouyou，awomanscientist，wontheNobelPrize.2.Whatdoyouthinkisthewriterspointofviewinthisreadingpassage?你认为这篇阅读材料中作者的观点是什么？本句结构为“疑问词插入语其他部分”。这本书中你认为哪一部分最有趣？Whichpartofthisbookdoyouthinkisthemostinteresting？3.Theadvantageisthatifthereisanewillnesssomeoftheseanimalsmaydie.其优点是如果发生某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉。Theadvantageisthat.“其优点是”，that引导表语从句。骑自行车上班的优势是我们可以过一种低碳生活。Theadvantageofcyclingtoworkisthatwecanlivealowcarbonlife.3500词汇语境篇先练后背，事半功倍BeCarefulaboutCloningAfteraseriesofinitialexperimentsandcorrections，thescientistshardworkpaid1.offwhenthetwincloneturkeyswerehatchedwithnormalfeatherandclaws.Thisbreakthrough2.possibly (possible) enabledpeopletobringtheiradoredpetsbacktolife.However，itbotheredhimfromtimetotimethattheirhealthwasinpoorconditionbecausetheywereunabletoresist3.illnesses(ill)Thisdrawbackcasthimdown.Merely2weekslater，theclonesandtheircarrierdied,4.whichstruckfrustrationintohisheart.Heretiredbeforeheattainedhisambitionandbecameamemberofanoperachorustorelievehis5depression(depress)Shortlyafterwards，6.themediapublishedaconservativeargumentobjectingtocloningowingtomoralproblems，andsuggestedtheconstitutionincludecompulsoryregulations7.toforbid ( forbid) obtainingcommercialprofitsfromcloning.Wheninterviewed，thescientiststaredatthe8.decorations ( decorate) ontheceiling，thinkingforawhile，andthensaid，“Imnotinfavourofanyarbitraryassumption，but9.undertaking (undertake) cloningdoesdifferfromthestraightforwardprocedureofmakingloafsoutofflour.Untilweaccumulateenoughexactknowledge，anypracticeisinvainandisboundtofail.Altogether，beingmorecarefulisreasonable10.orwemaywalkintoasideroad.”undertakevt.(undertook，undertaken)着手；从事；承担；负责undertakesth.着手/从事/承担某事undertakeanattack发动进攻undertaketodosth.答应，同意做某事undertakefor.为负责undertakethat-clause保证undertakeresponsibility/a task/aproject承担责任/任务/工程(1)Ifyouundertake(undertake) theproject，youareboundtomeetwithdifficulties.如果你承接这项工程的话，免不了会遇到许多困难。(2)Heundertooktodeliver(deliver) usattheairportattennextmorning.他担保第二天上午十点把我们送到机场。(3)单句语法填空Thepolicearesaidtobeundertaking (undertake) detailedinvestigationsintothecaseatpresent.Cooking，traditionallyundertaken (undertake) bymothers，hasbeenoftentakenoverbyfathersnowadays.Whetherornottheconstructionofthebridgewillbeundertaken (undertake) byourcompanyremainstobeseen.objectionn不赞成；反对；异议(教材原句)Ontheotherhand，Dollysappearanceraisedastormofobjectionsandhadagreatimpactonthemediaandpublicimagination.另一方面，多莉的出现引起了一阵强烈的反对，对媒体和公众的想象力也产生了极大的影响。拓展词：objectn物体；目标vi.反对；不赞成objectiveadj.真实的；客观的；无偏见的(1)raiseanobjectiontosth.对某事提出异议make/take/haveanobjectionto(doing)sth.反对(做)某事(2)objecttosb./sth.反对某人/某事objecttodoingsth.反对做某事objectthat.反对要点释疑(1)objectto中的to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。(2)object表示“反对”，为不及物动词，接宾语需加介词to；oppose表示“反对”，为及物动词，接宾语不需加介词。beopposedto.表示“反对，和相反”。(1)Heraisedastrongobjectionto(stronglyobjectedto) theplanbecausehethoughtitwouldbetooexpensive.他强烈反对这个计划，因为他认为这个计划代价太高。(2)Thematchwascancelledbecausemostofthemembersobjected(object) tohavingamatchwithoutastandardcourt.因为大多数成员反对在没有一个标准球场的情况下举行比赛，所以比赛取消了。(3)单句语法填空Ihavenoobjectiontoyourgoing，butyoumustpromisetocomebackbeforeten.Aslongasyoucanguaranteesafetyandlowcost，wehaventanyslightestobjection(object)Doyouhaveanyobjectiontochanging (change)yourworkinghours?(4)写作能力提升一些同学反对这个方案。Somestudentsobjecttotheplan.(object)Somestudentsraiseanobjectionto或have/makeanobjectionto/againsttheplan.(objection)Somestudentsareagainsttheplan.(against)Somestudentsopposetheplan.(oppose)Somestudentsareopposedtotheplan.(opposed)forbidvt.(forbade/forbad，forbidden)禁止；不准(教材原句)Somebegantoreformtheirlegalsystemsandforbaderesearchintohumancloning.有些政府开始改革他们的法律制度，禁止进行克隆人的研究forbiddoingsth.禁止做某事forbidsb.todosth.forbidsb.fromdoingsth.禁止某人做某事beforbiddentodosth.被禁止做某事forbidthat.禁止(从句中常用should动词原形)Itisforbiddentodosth.做某事是禁止的forbid后面不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语，而是跟动名词作宾语，但可以用forbidsb.todosth.。要点释疑类似动词结构：allow/permit/advise/wantsb.todosth.allow/permit/advise/admitdoingsth. (1)AsfarasIcanremember，thisplaceusedtoforbid(forbid) parkingcarsandbikes.在我的记忆中，这个地方曾经禁止停放汽车和自行车。(2)Alcoholactsonthebrain，sodriversareforbidden(forbid) todrinkitwhentheydriveacar.酒精对大脑有影响，因此司机开车时禁止饮酒。(3)语境活用Heforbade (forbid) mefromsmokingintheoffice.Hesaidthelawforbidssmoking (smoke) inpublicplaces.Healsosaidhewouldforbidmetoleave (leave) unlessIapologizedforwhatIhaddone.他禁止我在办公室里抽烟。他说法律禁止在公共场所吸烟。他还说如果我不为所做的事情道歉的话他就不许我离开。(4)写作能力提升Weareforbiddentoplayonthelawnbelongingtohim.(用it作形式主语改写)Itsforbiddenforustoplayonthelawnbelongingtohim.resist vt.抵抗；对抗；抵制；忍耐拓展词：resistancen.抗拒；反对resistantadj.抵抗的，反抗的(1)resistsb./sth. 抵抗/抵制某人/某物resistdoingsth.抵制做某事cant/couldntresistdoingsth.禁不住做某事(2)beresistantto对有抵抗力(1)Theyresisted(resist) myproposalbecausetheythoughttheplanwouldcosttoomuchmoney.他们反对我提出的计划，因为他们认为这个计划花钱太多。(2)Asthecoatwasabargainatsuchalowprice，Icouldntresist(resist) thetemptationtobuyit.因为这件外套售价实在便宜，我抵不住诱惑买了下来。(3)Thepublicarestronglyresistant(resist) to(stronglyresist) thenewlawbeforeitcomesintouse.这项新法规还未实施就已经遭遇公众的强烈抵制。(4)单句语法填空Thisdiseaseissurprisinglydifficulttocatchasmostpeoplehaveanaturalresistancetoit.Wecameupagainstagreatdealofresistance (resist)indealingwiththecase.Thebodymaybelessresistant (resist)ifitiscold.Icouldntresistlaughing (laugh)whenIheardthejoke.payoff得到好结果；取得成功；偿清(教材原句)Butatlastthedeterminationandpatienceofthescientistspaidoffin1996withabreakthroughthecloningofDollythesheep.但是，科学家们的决心和耐心最终得到了回报，这就是1996年具有突破性的克隆羊“多莉”的诞生。paysth.off全部偿还；偿清(债务)paysb.off(给工资后)解雇；打发走payback偿还(欠款)；报复；回报payforsth.付某物的钱；为某事物付出代价paysb.forsth.因某事物给某人报酬；为付钱给某人payavisitto参观；拜访payattentionto注意；留心(1)IalsohopethatthegreateffortIammakingwillpayoff.我也希望我付出的努力能得到回报。(2)Sandrawasdeterminedtobecomeadoctorandherpersistencepaid(pay) off.桑德拉决心成为医生，她的坚持取得了成功。(3)写出下列句子中payoff的汉语意思Itwouldtakehimtherestofhislifetopayoffthatloan.偿清Twohundredworkershavebeenpaidoff.解雇Allthoseweeksofstudyingwillpayoffwhenyoutaketheexam.成功；带来好结果(4)单句语法填空ThatIcanpaybackthehelppeoplegivememakesmehappy.Hehadtoworkpart-timesoastopayforhiseducation.TheeffortsmadebyJackandhisparentspaidoff.Wouldyouliketopayavisittouswhenyouarefree?(5)单句语法填空(2018北京卷)Tothinkheissleepingonthestreetstonightwhenhecouldhavestolenthemoneyandpaidforaplacetostayiningood/poor condition状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏(教材原句)ThedodobecameextinctfairlyrecentlysoitsDNAisstillingoodcondition.渡渡鸟是近期才灭绝的动物，因此它的DNA仍保存完好。拓展词：conditionaladj.有条件的；以为条件的unconditionaladj.无条件的；绝对的outofcondition健康状况欠佳meettheconditions满足条件onnocondition无论如何都不；决不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序)onconditionthat.只要；如果；条件是working/living/studyingconditions工作/生活/学习环境(1)Peaceisanecessaryconditionforeconomicgrowth.和平是经济增长的必要条件。(2)Iwouldconsiderstudyingabroad，ontheconditionthatIgetascholarship.倘若获得奖学金，我会考虑出国学习。(3)用condition的相关短语的适当形式填空WhatIwantyoutorealizeisthateverybodyislikelytobeinpoorcondition.OnnoconditioncanwedenythattheDiaoyuIslandshavebeenanintegralpartofChinasterritoryforcenturies.Theyagreedtolendusthecaronconditionthatwereturneditbeforetheweekend.(4)写作能力提升Youshouldtellhimwhathashappenedonnocondition.(改为倒装句)Onnoconditionshouldyoutellhimwhathashappened.Thefactthatsheseemedtodevelopnormallywasveryencouraging.看来多莉是在正常地成长着，这很令人鼓舞。本句是由that引导的一个同位语从句，用于解释和说明fact的内容。引导词that不能省略。经常跟同位语从句的名词有fact，news，message，doubt，possibility，idea，reason，belief，hope，thought，promise，suggestion，question等。引导词有：连词that，whether；连接代词who，which，what；连接副词where，when，why，how等。要点释疑 (1)一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等)的后面，用于说明该名词所表达的具体内容。有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，这在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。(2)在suggestion，advice，request，order等意为“建议，要求，命令”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should动词原形”，句中的should可以省略。 (1)Iadmiredthefactthathewouldtalktostudentsoutsidetheclassroomortalkwiththemonthetelephone.我羡慕他经常在课外与学生聊天或通过电话与学生聊天。(2)Ihavenoideawhenthemeetingwillbeheld.我不知道这次会议何时举行。(3)单句语法填空Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.Wearenotinvestigatingthequestionwhetherheistrustworthy.Thenewsthatourfootballteamhadwonthematchwasencouraging.Thesuggestioncamefromthechairmanthatthenewrule(should)beadopted.(4)单句语法填空(2018全国卷)Thatisonlyevidencethattraditionsonceexisted.(2018北京卷)Ithinkthefaiththateveryonehasshowninhimhastouchedhim.单词拼写1Whenaskedaboutthesecretofhissuccess，heowed (归功于)ittohisparents.2Heundertook (着手)toimprovetheworkingconditionsandtheworkerswereexpectingit.3Nowadaysmanygraduatesarelookingforwardtoobtaining(获得)employmentinbigcities.4Iwasimpressedbyhisstraightforward (坦率的)intelligentmanner.5Moral (道德的)scienceistaughtasasubjectinmostschoolsbutwithlittleeffect.6Hewasinpoorhealth，sothedoctorforbade (不准) himtodrinkwine.7Hearingthebadnews，hestruck (撞击)thetableaheavyblowwithhisfist.8HadIrealizedyouwerebusy，Iwouldnthavebothered (打扰)youwithmyquestions.单句改错1Youcangoswimminginconditionthatyoudontgotoofarfromtheriverbank.inon2Somerulesshouldbemadetoforbidstudentsofsmoking.offrom3Itsuddenlystrucktomethatweoughttomakeanewplan.去掉第一个to或struckoccurred4MothermadeapromiseifIpassedtheCollegeEntranceExamination，mise后加that5Owetoalackoffunds，theprojectwillnotcontinuenextyear.OweOwing6Johnisstronglyconvincedthatextratimespentstudyingnowwillpayforinthefuture.foroff7Sometimes，somestudentsobjecttheideathatEnglishclassesaretaughtinEnglish.object后加to8Theboycouldntresistshowoffhisbeingpraisedbytheteacheronarrivinghome.showshowing.教材与语法填空Cloningisawayofmakinganexactcopyof1.anotheranimalorplant.2.Ithastwomajoruses.Oneisthatgardenersuseittoproducecommercialquantitiesofplants.Theotheristhatitis3.valuable (value) forresearchonnewplantspeciesandformedicalresearchonanimals.However，theprocessofcloningisdifficult4.toundertake (undertake)Thefirstsuccessfulclone，Dollythesheep,5made (make) thewholescientificworldfollowitsprocess，thoughithad6.more (many) problemsthanthenormalsheep.Butontheotherhand，Dollys7.appearance (appear) raisedastormofobjectionsandhadagreatimpact8.ont