福建专升本语法,时态、语态、倒装、主谓一致.ppt

Grammar,If you put your heart into it, you will find it easy.,第一讲. 动词的语态、时态,一、动词的语态（主态、被态） By the end of this month, the new building _. A. is to be built B will have been built C. will be built D. will have built 另一常考语态是主动表被动意义，即 某物 + need /require/want+ Ving The room needs _cleaning_(clean). The room needs to _be cleaned_(clean),二、动词的时态 1. 现在完成时、过去完成时、完成进行时 2. 主从句时态的呼应 1. We began our experiments after we _. A. had read the instructions C. would read the book B. have read the instruction D. were reading the notes 2. Mr. Smith told me that he _ for me for two hours. A. was waiting C. has been waiting B. had been waiting D. is waiting,第二讲. 主谓语倒装,否定词及短语在句首，部分倒装： e.g. never,little, rarely, hardly, scarcely, seldom, nowhere, not , at no time, under no circumstance, by no means, in no case, in vain, not until, not only, only e.g. 1. Little does he realize the danger he is in. 2. Seldom does a man live to be a hundred years old. 3. Rarely does the temperature go above 35 oC in summer in Beijing. 4. Not until 1776 did the American colonies declare their independence from England,第二讲. 主谓语倒装,2. 固定倒装：so引起的倒装与肯定句呼应 nor, neither引起的倒装与否定句呼应 e.g. 1. He never went there again, nor did he write to apologize. 2. Im quite willing to help the poor, so are the members in my family. 3. Wood can not conduct electricity, nor can glass. 4. He can not speak, neither can he hear.,3. 时间状语从句 hardly when scarcely when No sooner than No sooner had they gathered in the grain than it began to rain. Scarcely had we got to the plant when we started to work. Hardly had the plane landed when the people ran toward it.,4. 让步状语从句 A. as， though 句型倒装 1. Difficult though the task was, they managed to accomplish it in time. 2. Hard as he worked, he still failed in the exam. B. Be + 主语+表语。 Be引导让步状语从句必须用倒装 e.g. Be it rainy or sunny, Ill go out. Be it ever so late, I must do another experiment,5. 条件状语从句 Were + 主语+to +V Should +主语+V +主句 Had + 主语+Ved +主句 e.g. 1. Had you been there, you would have met her. 2. Should you come tomorrow, I should give you the book. 3. Had she found the buyer, she would have sold the house.,倒装,6.副词倒装：only, often, many a time 等位于句首时，把助动词或系动词be放在主语前面 e.g. 1. Only by working hard can we succeed in doing everything. 2. Many a time has he given me good advice. 3. Often have we tried that test.,倒装,7) 副词倒装：here, there, down, up, now等副词位于句首，名词为主语时， 谓语动词要置于主语前面 e.g. 1. Up and Up went the price. 2. Here comes the general manager. 3. Now comes your turn, but take your time. Note: 1. 当表示“位置”及“处所” 的介词短语或副词位于句首时， 主语和谓语调换位置，形成倒装 e.g. At the side of the hill stood an old house. 2. 当主语为代词时，即使放在句首也不用倒装结构 e.g. Here he comes. There she goes.,第三讲. 单复数一致,一、主语为下列情况，谓语为单数： 1.单数可数名词或代词; 2. 不可数名词； 3.-s 结尾的一些名词：means, news, the United States 4. 表示学科或疾病等以结尾的名词如statistics, measles, acoustics（声学） e.g. 1. Statistics （统计学） is an indispensable analytical tool in modern society. 2. Mathematics is a required subject at school. 3. Measles （风疹） is a dangerous diseases for pregnant women. economics, electronics（电子学）, genetics, mechanics（力学）, optics（光学）, phonetics, politics 5. 集合名词做主语时，若指一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式，若指其中各个组成成员， 谓语动词用复数形式: army, company, committee, crew, firm, group, government, majority, minority, police, public, etc.,6. 单数名词+and +单数名词表示同一事物或指同一个人 1. A writer and educator has visited our college. 2. Bread and butter is nutritious. 3. Slow and steady wins the race. 4. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy. 7.数词+名词(表示长短,重量,温度,时间及金钱等)作主语,当作 “单一的数量”时, 谓语动词用单数形式 1. Eight hours of sleep is not enough for a baby. 2. Three miles is as far as they can walk. 3. Sixty dollars is a high price for a dictionary. 8. “the only one of+复数名词”后的关系从句中,谓语动词用单数形式; “one of +复数名词”后的关系从句中,谓语动词用复数形式 e.g. 1. John is the only one of those boys who likes gym class. 2. This is the only one of those dishes which has to be cooked outdoors. 3. Jane is one of those women who always keep up with the latest fashion.,9. each, every, many a + 单数可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式 e.g. 1. Every boy and (every) girl is eager to learn English. 2. Each book and magazine is listed in the card catalog. 10. 动名词，动词不定式，主语从句 11. 单数名词+ or+单数可数名词,二、主语为下列情况，谓语为复数： 1.复数可数名词或代词； 2.表示人的复数名词people， personnel（全体职员）等用作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 3.表示一种物品的复数名词glasses， shorts，scissors等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 e.g. 1. My glasses were broken. 2. Your shorts （短裤） are torn. Youd better change them. 3. The scissors（剪刀） are very blunt. 其他用复数表示物品的名词：clothes, compasses（圆规）, pants（裤子）, spectacles（眼镜）, trousers,4. all, many, most, some, a few, the rest, a great number, half, the majority, the flock + of +复数可数名词 5.用eitheror, neithernor, or, not onlybut also, notbut连接的两个主语, 谓语动词的数则跟靠近动词的那个主语一致 e.g. 1. One or two days are enough to see the city. 2. Either he or I am in the wrong. 3. Neither I nor he is in the wrong. 4. Are you or he to blame? 5. Not only you but also he is to blame for the accident,6. 连接词按时as well as, together with, along with等连接的两个主语,谓语动词的数与前一个主语保持一致 e.g. 1. The bat together with the balls was stolen. 2. You as well as he are wrong. 3. Nobody but/except the teachers knows anything about it. Note: A with B A accompanied by B A including B A no less than B A besides B 谓语动词的数与A保持一致,Exercises,1. Not until a monkey is several years old _ to exhibit signs of independence of its mother. A. it begins B. begins it C. does it begin D. beginning 2. Mr. Young, together with his wife and two sons, _to arrive on the morning flight. A. are B. is C. will be D. are going 3. Only after food has been dried or canned _. A. that it should be stored for later consumption B. should be stored for later consumption C. should it be stored for later consumption D. it should be stored for later consumption 4. In the eastern part of Asia_. A. lies the Peoples Republic of China B. the Peoples Republic of China lies there C. there lies the Peoples Republic of China D. the Peoples Republic of China lies there,Exercises,5. _, the retired worker is still working hard in the factory. A. old as he is B. Although old he is C. when he is old D. How old he is 6. Scarcely_ in the grain when it began to rain. A. had we gathered B. we gathered C. we had gathered D. did we gathered 7. Copper conducts electricity, _. A. so does it B. neither it does C. so it does D. nor it does 8. She never laughed, _ lose her temper. A. or she ever did B. nor did she ever C. or did she ever D. nor she ever did,Exercises,9. _ today, I would get there on Saturday. A. Was I leaving B. Were I to leave C. Would I leave D. If I leave 10. Many a way _ tried already. A. has been B. are C. being D. have 11. Not only_ her, but he was also her classmate. A. did Franze know B. Franze knew C. does Franze know D. Franze knows 12. Shorthanded _ they were, they beat the enemy. A. as B. should C. that D. even,Exercises,13. There _ my teacher and my classmates. A. are B. have C. be D. is 14. My father believes that interest, as well as prospects, _ important when one looks for a job. A. is B. was C. are D. were 15. _, Ill go out. A. Be it rainy or sunny B. It be rainy or sunny C. Is it rainy or sunny D. Were it rainy or sunny 16. I have a pair of jeans that _ from a big shop in New Jersy. A. were bought B. was bought C. bought D. are bought,17. Neither the clerks nor the manager _ anything about the accident now. A. know B. knowing C. knows D. are known 18. Every book and magazine _ listed in the card catalog. A. is B. are C. were D. has 19. About one third of the books _ worth reading. A. is B. are C. was D. has 20. A large amount of damage _ done during the war. A. were B. are C. was D. has 21. _ of this countrys abundance in natural resources. A. Little we know B. Little we did know C. Little did we know D. Little we had know,22. Under no circumstances _ his personal interest first. A. should a communist place B. a communist place C. a communist should place D. shouldnt a communist place 23. John knows both Chinese and Japanese quite well. _. A. So his sister does B. So does his sister C. And does his sister D. Neither does his sister 24. Hardly _ home when the telephone rang. A. I get B. I had got C. had I got D. did I get 25. _, the retired worker is still working hard in the factory. A. Old as he is B. Though old he is C. When he is old D. How old he is,26. Only when you have obtained sufficient data _ come to a sound conclusion. A. you will B. you can C. would you D. can you 27. “_, I will marry him all the same.” A. Were he rich or poor B. Be he rich or poor C. Being rich or poor C. Whether rich or poor 28. Not only my friend but also her husband _ coming this afternoon. A. are B. were C. is D. was 29. News of victories _ pouring in. A. keep B. keeps C are D. goes 30. The poet and writer _. A. are coming B. were coming C. have come D. has come,31. Li Ling and Li Ming _ twin brothers. A. is B. are C. has D. gets 32. The cattle _ in the field. A. are grazing B grazes C. is grazing D. likes to graze 33. The family _ watching TV. A. is B. is being C. are D. are been 34. Georges mother, as well as his father, _ in London for a few days more. A. asks he stays B. ask him stay C. asks he stay D. ask he to stay 35. The flock of sheep _ straying in all directions. A. is B. are C. has been D. had been,36. Many a man _ life is meaningless without a purpose. A. thinks B. think C. thinking D. ha