北京高考开放作文指导.ppt

Guidance on open-ending composition,一、北京卷开放作文分析,二、开放作文试题特点,1、借助一幅漫画，鼓励学生发散思维，表达 自己对画面中内容的理解。 2、在观察、理解试题的前提下，从不同角度 展开想象，表达自己观点。 3、试题的趣味性与解题的挑战性； 4、能力的发展性与答案的开放性。,三、开放作文试题的要求,1、文章扣题： 描述是为理解奠定基础，应根据所要阐明的理解 内容有的放矢，突出主题；切忌将漫画中所有看 到的内容逐一罗列出来。 2、思维活跃： 试题提供了广阔的发散思维空间，有利于考生从 不同的、全新的角度看待分析一个事物或现象。 3、内容健康充实： 内容要点可用不同方式表达，但要以乐观向上， 积极的态度进行表达。,三、开放作文试题的要求,4、逻辑清楚： 完整呈现推理过程，对漫画的描述与个人理 解的表达相互呼应，构成一个有机的整体。 5、语言规范，交际得体： 用词准确，表述清晰，有条理，语言流畅。,四、开放性作文的结构,Describe a picture,Interpret its implied meaning Point out its implications in our life,Give your own comment,五、开放性作文的评分标准,一档文：（13-15分） 二档文：（ 9-12分） 三档文：（ 4-8分 ） 四档文：（ 1-3分 ） 五档文：（ 0分 ） 注：开放作文字数少于50，扣1分。,六、开放性作文的给分细节要求,1. 必须有一段描写（看到什么）：圆规、铅笔，要注意到表情。（对图片的描写要有细节，看到你的描写，能够把图片浮现出 来，同时要记住图片的描写一定要为观点服务，使二者紧密结 合在一起。这点很重要，开放作文重点考察学生的逻辑性。） 2. 理解必须建立在描写的基础上，必须把两个方面都说到，要体 现两者的关系（因为图中画了两个元素：圆规和铅笔）。 3. 只有议论为第三档，只说铅笔或圆规为第三档（4-8分），只 有描述最高得5分。,六、开放性作文的给分细节要求,4. 描述和议论部分没有很好的结合只能进三档。视其语言可给 最高分（8分）。 5. 进入一档文的条件是，不仅有对铅笔和圆规的正确理解和交 代，还要有升华，如：能够联系到做人就更好了。 6. 看其观点是否能够自圆其说，语言要能够跟上自己的逻辑。 7. 圆规可以有变通的表达。（写成什么样都能接受，看文章质量 打分）,As we can see from the picture, a pencil is running to draw a straight line, while the other stationary is drawing a circle easily. The pencil is trying its best to do it with its soul and heart. The other one is very proud of itself, though its skill is really good. Every one has their own advantages and disadvantages. We should have confidence in ourselves and make our effort to do everything. If so, I believe everyone can be successful. Peoples perseverence and effort will count. At the same time, everyone have to be clear to know youll never be the best for you can be better respecting everyone and believing in yourself, the bright future is around the corner.,开放作文,对图片有基本描述，且描述与下文的讨论有一定相关性，但论述中表达不够到位，逻辑联系交代得不够清楚。（第二段的说明与第三段的描写没有必要的联系，描写部分说的是勤奋努力，第三段却说各有各的优点。逻辑混乱，观点不明。故定为9分。）,As is shown from the picture, there are two tools which we often use them. one is used to draw circles and the other one is used to draw everything. The one which is used to draw circles is proud of its perfect circles. And the other one is making its great effort to draw lines. In my opinion, the one draws circles like someone who is always satisfied with their things and the other one likes someone who never gives up and makes his effort to reach better. I have learned a lot from the picture that we should make our effort to do everything although we have got a little mark in some areas. Dont be addicted to the great past.,开放作文,对图片有基本清楚地描写，与下文的讨论之间有一定联系，但讨论部分语言表达不够清楚，且过于简单。8分,描述较为详尽，但议论过于简单，不能表达清楚自己的想法。,What an interesting picture! In the picture, we can see that a pencil keep drawing hard and a circler only draws a circle but is proud of itself. We can learn a lot form the picture. I think we should do more, like the saying goes. “No pains, no gains”. Only we do things can we get what we want. And at the same time, wed better not think highly of ourselves. Thats a good way for us on not only our study and work, but also our lives.,开放作文,描述过于简单，无法对下文起到充分的铺垫， 使得文章看起来有些空穴来风。6分,描述过于简单，无法对下文起到充分的铺垫作用。,As can be seen from the picture, the modern math tool is drawing the circle easily and the traditonal pencil is running to draw the lines with sweat falling from its face. I think this picture reflects an unusual social phenomenon that people with modern knowledge can solve problems in a more effective way and are more welcomed by the companies. I think it attempts to tell us that possessing and stubburn method can not keep the pace of the society. As far as Im concrened, in order to meet the need of society, we must learn knowledge as much as we can from now on. Only in this way, can we be the leader of the society.,图片描写基本清楚，论述部分与描写部分之间没有令人信服的有机逻辑联系，理解比较牵强，但考虑到语言质量还可以，因此给出第三档中的高分数。8分,开放作文,图画的描写与下文理解很牵强。,As we can see in the vivid picture, one is drawing a cirle happily, meanwhile, the other is drawing lines and tries its best. In my opinion, they stands for the two kinds of people in our contemperoy society, one stands for the persons who always do little and somethings and are satisfied with what they have done. The other one stands for the persons who try their best and make more progress. No doubt, well think highly of the second kind of persons. Because its them that make ourlifes were convenient and easier and make the society developing. While the first kind of persons, I think are too selfish. This is my opinion about the picture.,开放作文,语言逻辑不够好，描写与议论没有多大的逻辑性，第三段与上下文无太大联系，逻辑性不强，交代的不太清楚，虽然语言流畅，但没有一个平台来支持前面的图。8分,图画的描写与议论部分未能有机地结合。,In the picture, we can see a cartoon pencil is running with great effort to draw a square. While a tool used in drawing circles is doing his job in an easy way, feeling quite proud and looking down upon the “silly” little pencil. This is quite a common scene in the society. Some people are talented and can learn a subject in an easy and perfect way. They can easily get proud and look down upon those who have to make great efforts to do it. In their opinion, those people are too silly to achieve goals. However, these “talented” and proud people dont understand that even though they can do well in one subject, there are still many jobs, they dont know how to do, just like the tool used in drawing circles, he can never draw a square that easily. While those “silly” people, though with great, can achieve their dreams in many subjects because of their self-awareness and perseverance. Just like the little pencil, who can draw various shapes. So dont be proud when you can do something well. Be patient and work hard, youll achieve more goals, especially in studying.,开放作文,图片描述清楚，议论部分与描述部分有机自然地结合，且论述比较充分语言流畅，无严重影响表达意思的错句。13分,As we can see in the picture, there are two familiar materials which we often use in our daily life. The one is used to draw circles, the other can makes lines. The one making effort to finish its work. On the other hand, the pencil is running all the time tiredly so that it can complete to draw a straight line. These two materials also represent two kinds of people: one is hard to finish the work, while the other can finish the task easily. What I learn from the picture is that we should learn the pencil. Although different work need different energy, making efforts on what we are doing seems more significant. I think we cannot only satisfy the comfort which may make us lazy, however, we need hard work to help us become stronger. So friends, put out your effort and energy, and we can draw a great “life line” by ourselves and reach our goals in the future.,对图画的描写和议论部分都比较到位，所用语法和词汇满足了任务要求，虽然有些错误，但不影响理解，议论部分的深度还有所欠缺。11分,开放作文,Possible version,From the picture I can see a pair of proud compasses and a hard-working pencil. The compasses are big, drawing a circle with ease, while the pencil is small, drawing a line with great effort. I think the compasses are reasonable to be proud because no one else can do the job better. At the same time, however, he should realize the pencil has his own advantages. The pencil can do other shapes better than the compasses, even pictures. So in my opinion, while we are confident in ourselves, we should recognize strengths in others and show due respect for them.,七、开放性作文的审题与立意,理解时要有升华，有深度，结合现实生活围绕话题进行议论。,1、单个物象的议论,In your English class，you are asked to describe this picture of a wooden barrel and explain to your classmates how you understand it,图中出现一个物象时，描图和议论时注意抓住漫画所表达的引申含义,1、单个物象的审题与立意,（1） 一个由不同长度木板构成的木桶，水从最短板处流出。 （2） 结论：人要全面发展，个别缺点会影响人的成功。 团队要共同发展，个别人落后会影响整体的进步。,Possible ideas 1. What you see at the first glance may limit your thinking. 2. We must look deeper so as not to be cheated by the surface. 3. Everyone can grow old. Treasure your time. 4. Its more than one way to look at something.,2、两个物象的立意与议论,图中出现两个主要物象时，描图和议论时注意两者之间的对比关系。这是最近几年高考的热点。 2004年春女孩与指路牌 2004年男孩与钞票 2005年男孩与镜子 2006年城市雕塑长衫的老者和时髦的少女； 2007年大鸟和小鸟； 2008年的铅笔和圆规。,3. 多个物象的议论,图中出现多个物象时，描图和议论时注意抓住漫画所表达的主要矛盾，要有的放矢、中心突出。,图片信息： 两个孩子 孩子面前的弯弯的小路、高山、树木 远方光芒四射、蓬勃而出的太阳 Possible ideas： 1. sunset-forget the past-value the normal daily life; 2. two girls-one brave (success); one afraid (failure) 3. sunset-sad-let it pass-wait for sunrise 4. two girls help each other-friendship help us succeed 5. watch sunrise-get hope/courage-get over the difficulties,八、描图,用第三人称和一般现在时描述图片内容，描图时做到内容充实、具体、形象、生动。描图时尽量不加入个人观点。 描图是为下文对漫画的理解奠定基础，要根据所要阐明的理解内容有的放矢、中心突出，而并非仅仅将漫画中的所有看到的内容都逐一罗列出来。 描图篇幅一般不超过1/3。,From the picture I can see a pair of proud compasses and a hard-working pencil. The compasses are big, drawing a circle with ease, while the pencil is small, drawing a line with great effort. In the picture, we can see it is raining hard. But to our surprise, a gentleman is watering flowers, holding an umbrella in his hand. In the picture, a boy is trying hard to push forward the