大学英语综合2Unit1.ppt

bustle vi. (闹哄哄地)忙乱，奔忙，繁忙，匆忙；喧闹；活跃(常与about连用)： She bustled about cooking supper. 她忙于做晚饭。 interest interesting,attach vt. 使依附；贴上；系上；使依恋 attach sth. to sth. sth. be attanched to She attached labels to all her bags. 她把标签系(或贴)在所有袋子上。,n. attendant 服务员 room attendant train attendant v. attend 出席 attend a concert n. attendance 出席 check attendance full attendance,tender adj. 温柔的；幼稚的； damn tender tender heart vi. 投标； open tender public tender,bang vt. 重击；发巨响 Dont bang the door! 别嘭嘭敲门! She banged the plates on the table. 她砰地把盘子摔在桌面上。,initial adj. 最初的；字首的 n. 词首大写字母 initial data 原始数据 ; initial cost 最初成本 the initial letter of a word,assist v. 帮助；助攻 assist sb. in doing Please assist her in moving the furniture. 请帮助她搬家具。 assistant 助理 assistant manager,insert v. 插入；嵌入： to insert a bookmark into a book 把书签插入书中,occasion n. 时机，机会；场合；理由 Try to dress appropriately for each occasion. 试图为每个场合适当地打扮。 on occasion = occasionally,D R _ word _ on occasion,on occasion: now and then,你有时使人们感到诧异。,You have on occasion surprised people.,CF:,D R _ word _ neglect 1,neglect: vt. give too little attention or care to,neglect ones meals and sleep,离开时别忘了锁门。,Dont neglect to lock the door when you leave.,这几个词都有忽略、遗漏之意。,neglect, ignore & omit,CF:,Those who neglect their duties should be punished.,玩忽职守者应受惩罚。,Why do they always neglect the traffic regulation.,他们为什么老是不注意遵守交通规则呢？,neglect 指对职责、义务或应做的事没有给予足够的注 意。这种忘记可能是有意的，也可能是无意的。例如：,D R _ word _ neglect 2,ignore 指疏忽、不顾，强调对某人或某物故意不理会， 有时还带有固执地拒绝的意味。例如：,When I saw Tom, I stopped to greet him, but he ignored me and walked on.,当我看到汤姆时，我停下来和他打招呼，但他没有理我继续往前走。,The teacher ignored my difficult questions.,老师对我的难题置之不理。,D R _ word _ neglect 3,omit 指因专注或疏忽而忘记某事，这种失误可能是有意或 无意的。该词还可指删除不利或不必要的东西。例如：,She should not omit to visit the museum.,她不应忘了去参观博物馆。,The third part of the book may be omitted.,该书的第三部分可以删掉。,D R _ word _ investigate 2,这几个词都有调查、检查之意。,investigate, examine & inspect,CF:,They investigated the cause of the accident.,他们调查了事故的原因。,The police are investigating the murder.,警方正在调查这件谋杀案。,investigate 较正式，指有条不紊地进行调查研究以发现事实 真相，更常用以说明调查案件、情况、背景来历 等。例如：,D R _ word _ investigate 3,examine 是普通用语，指仔细地检查某人或物。该词还指官方主持的检查或医生进行的诊察，也表示对某种 观点的讨论研究，更指考试。例如：,They examined our passports very carefully.,他们仔细检查了我们的护照。,An optician is qualified to examine your eyes and prescribe glasses.,眼科医生有资格来检查你的眼睛并给你配眼镜。,D R _ word _ investigate 4,inspect 较正式，用得不如examine广泛，指对某人或某物 进行检查、查问，带有揭示其差异或缺陷的意思。 更常指官员们的视察以发现下属单位的缺点等，还 指检阅军队。例如：,The firemen were inspecting the warehouse for potential fire hazards.,消防人员正在检查仓库以防火灾。,Every length of cloth is inspected before it leaves the factory.,出厂之前每寸布匹都检查过。,B R _ Warm-up Questions 1,Warm-up Questions,1. 2. 3.,If you find a two-year-old boy is trying to put a key into a box, will you help him immediately? Can you recall how your parents taught you in your childhood? Did they like to teach you by holding your hand? Which way did you prefer when you were in trouble with one of your toys in your childhood, turning to your parents for help, or exploring by yourselves?,For a month in the spring of 1987, my wife Ellen and I lived in the bustling eastern Chinese city of Nanjing with our 18-month-old son Benjamin while studying,arts education in Chinese kindergartens and elementary schools. But one of the most telling lessons Ellen and I got in the difference between Chinese and American ideas of education came not in the classroom but in the lobby of the Jinling Hotel where we stayed in Nanjing.,D R _ Text 1,LEARNING, CHINESE-STYLE,Howard Gardner,age and incomplete understanding of the need to position the key just so, he would usually fail. Benjamin was not bothered in the least. He probably got as much pleasure out of the sounds the key made as he did those few times when the key actually found its way into the slot.,D R _ Text 2,The key to our room was attached to a large plastic block with the room number on it. When leaving the hotel, a guest was encouraged to turn in the key, either by handing it to an attendant or by dropping it through a slot into a box.,Because the key slot was narrow, the key had to be positioned carefully to fit into it. Benjamin loved to carry the key around, shaking it vigorously. He also liked to try to place it into the slot. Because of his tender,turn in 上交 hand in turn on turn off turn up turn down turnover 周转，流转 stock turnover staff trunover,D R _ Text 3,Now both Ellen and I were perfectly happy to allow Benjamin to bang the key near the key slot. His exploratory behavior seemed harmless enough. But I soon observed an interesting phenomenon. Any,Chinese staff member nearby would come over to watch Benjamin and, noting his lack of initial success, attempt to assist. He or she would hold onto Benjamins hand and, gently but firmly, guide it directly toward the slot, reposition it as necessary, and help him to insert it. The “teacher” would then smile somewhat expectantly at Ellen or me, as if awaiting a thank you and on occasion would frown slightly, as if considering us to be neglecting our parental duties.,come over 过来，顺便来访 come across 偶遇 come out 出版，开花 come up 出现，走进 come up with 提出，想出,assigned adj. 指定的；已分配的 assign v. 指定；委派 I was assigned to watch the road. 我被派去护路。 assignment 家庭作业,D R _ word _ accomplish 1,accomplish: vt. manage to do (sth.),Shes accomplished a great deal in the last few weeks.,这项任务不是在一代人的时间里所能完成的。,The task will not be accomplished in one generation.,Collocation：,达到目的,accomplish ones object/goal,完成使命,accomplish ones mission,D R _ word _ accomplish 2,这三个词都含“完成”的意思。,accomplish, complete & finish,CF:,I dont feel our visit really accomplished anything.,我不认为我们的访问真正取了什么结果。,The building will be completed by the end of this month.,这座楼于本月底建成。,complete 比 accomplish 具体，可接建筑、工程、书籍等名 词，指按预期目的把未完成的工作经过进一步的努力 使之完成，主要涵义是补足缺少的部分。例如：,accomplish 通常接task, aim, journey, voyage等名词，有时 兼有取得效果之意。例如：,D R _ word _ accomplish 3,finish 在许多情况下可与complete换用, 但不及 complete正式，常含有认真仔细地完成工作的 最后阶段的精工修饰，使之完美的意思。例如：,Finish the work off before you leave for your holiday.,你去度假前应先把工作做完。,in due course 在适当的时候；及时地；顺次 Other people will join in due course, and theyre welcome to do that. 其他人将在适当的时候加入，我们欢迎他们的加入。 Your book will be published in due course.,critical 1. very important The environmentalists say a critical factor in the citys pollution is its population. 2. very dangerous In yesterdays accident, ten people were killed and five people are still in a critical condition.,self reliance 自力更生 self-esteem 自尊 self-conscious 自觉 self-confidence 自信,D R _ word _ rear,rear: 1. vt. Bring up and educate; look after (animals),rear children,2. n. back part 后部；背面,The kitchen is in the rear of the house.,停车场在这建筑物的后边。,D R _ word _ make up for,make up for: repay with sth. good; compensate for,I didnt travel much when I was younger, but Im certainly making up for lost time now.,他们加速进行以补回失去的时间。,make compensation for somebodys losses,I soon realized that this incident was directly relevant to our assigned tasks in China: to investigate the ways of early childhood education (especially in the arts), and to throw light on Chinese attitudes toward creativity. And so before long I began to introduce the key-slot anecdote into my discussions with Chinese educators. TWO DIFFERENT WAYS TO LEARN With a few exceptions my Chinese colleagues displayed the same attitude as the staff at the Jinling Hotel. Since adults know how to place the key in the key slot, which is the ultimate purpose of approaching the slot, and since the child is neither old enough nor clever enough to realize the desired action on his own, what possible gain is achieved by having him struggle?,D R _ Text 4,He may well get frustrated and angry certainly not a desirable outcome. Why not show him what to do? He will be happy, he will learn how to accomplish the task sooner, and then he can proceed to more complex activities, like opening the door or asking for the key both of which accomplishments can (and should) in due course be modeled for him as well. We listened to such explanations sympathetically and explained that, first of all, we did not much care whether Benjamin succeeded in inserting the key into the slot. He was having a good time and was exploring, two activities that did matter to us. But the critical point was that, in the process, we were trying to teach Benjamin that one can solve a problem effectively by oneself.,D R _ Text 5,so long as adv. 只要 So long as you do your homework, you can watch TV. 只要你做了功课，就可以看书。 表只要时，可与as long as 互换,D R _ Text 6,Such self-reliance is a principal value of child rearing in middle-class America. So long as the child is shown exactly how to do something whether it be placing a key in a key slot, drawing a hen or making up,for a misdeed he is less likely to figure out himself how to accomplish such a task. And, more generally, he is less likely to view life as Americans do as a series of situations in which one has to learn to think for oneself, to solve problems on ones own and even to discover new problems for which creative solutions are wanted.,intent I intent to solve this problem. intent on He intents on reading books. intention good intention Jim has no intention to cheat her.,D R _ word _ facility,facility: n.,play the piano with facility,有学习语言的天才,have great facility in learning languages,1. ability to do sth. easily and well,sports facilities,娱乐设施,entertainment facilities,2. (pl.) equipment, aids, etc. which make it easy to do things,There are facilities for cooking in the kitchen.,D R _ word _ apply 1,apply: vi.,1. be relevant; have an effect,apply to sb./sth.,What I have said does not apply to you.,教授的这条建议只适用于一些大学生。,The advice given by the professor only applies to some of the college students.,D R _ word _ apply 2,2. write a letter or fill in a form in order to ask formally for sth.,Pattern:,apply (to sb.) for sth. apply to do sth.,We applied to the authorities for assistance.,他决定申请参加学生会。,He decided to apply to join the Student Union.,TEACHING BY HOLDING HIS HAND In retrospect, it became clear to me that this incident was indeed key and key in more than one sense. It pointed to important differences in the educational and artistic practices in our two countries. When our well-intentioned Chinese observers came to Benjamins rescue, they did not simply push his hand down clumsily or uncertainly, as I might have done. Instead, they guided him with extreme facility and gentleness in precisely the desired direction. I came to realize that these Chinese were not just molding and shaping Benjamins performance in any old manner: In the best Chinese tradition, they were ba zhe shou jiao “teaching by holding his hand” so much so that he would happily come back for more.,D R _ Text 7,sense n. 感觉，功能；观念；道理；理智 vt. 感觉到；检测 make sense 讲道理，说得通 common sense 常识 sense of 的感觉,D R _ Text 8,The idea that learning should take place by continual careful shaping and molding applies equally to the arts. Watching children at work in a classroom setting, we were astonished by their facility. Children as young as 5 or 6 were,painting flowers, fish and animals with the skill and confidence of an adult; calligraphers 9 and 10 years old were producing works that could have been displayed in a museum. In a visit to the homes of two of the young artists, we learned from their parents that they worked on perfecting their craft for several hours a day.,D R _ word _ priority,priority: n. sth. that one must do before anything else,Study is not on his list of priorities.,道路建设应是予以优先考虑的事。,Road building is a first priority.,give priority to sth.优先考虑，给以.优先权 Give priority to your way of thinking.,departure n. 背离；出发 train departure 列车出发 depart v. depart from 离开；开出；从出发 depart for 开往；去往；动身去 department 部门，科室 department store 百货大楼,inseparable 不可分离 separable 可分离的 separate v. separate sth. from sth. 把.与.相分离 separate administration from management 政企分开,D R _ word _ evolve 1,evolve: vi. develop gradually,evolve into 进化成，发展成，逐步形成 evolve from/out of 由演化而成；从发展而来,这一简单的计划逐步形成为一项复杂的规划。,The simple plan evolved into a complicated scheme.,Some people believe that we evolved from the apes.,historical evolvement 历史演化,D R _ word _ contrast 1,contrast:,1. v. compare (two people or things) so that differences are made clear,我忍不住把她的态度和她朋友的态度作了对比。,I cannot help contrasting her attitude with that of her friends.,contrast A with/and B,harbor vt. 庇护；怀有 harbor such a deep concern. n. 海港；避难所 pearl harbor 珍珠港,comparable adj. 类似的，可比的 incomparable adj.无可比拟的 incomparable efficiency compare A with B compare A to B Life is compared to a stage. 人生被比作舞台。,CREATIVITY FIRST? In terms of attitudes to creativity there seems to be a reversal of priorities: young Westerners making their boldest departures first and then gradually mastering the tradition; and young Chinese being almost inseparable from the tradition, but, over time, possibly evolving to a point equally original. One way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do. The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity.,D R _ Text 9,American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later. However, I do not want to overstate my case. There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present. And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West. When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent (the “Standing on the shoulders of giants” phenomenon).,D R _ Text 10,D R _ Text 11,But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the important question becomes this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?,apply assist relevant attach emerge await initial insert in due course throw light on,A R _ Useful Expressions 1,Useful Expressions,1. 被系在上,be attached to ,2. 探索行为,exploratory behavior,3. 偶尔,on occasion,4. 父母的责任,parental duties,5. 揭示，阐明,throw light on,6. 最终目的,ultimate purpose,7. 要做的动作,desired action,A R _ Useful Expressions 2,desirable outcome,critical point,value of child rearing,making up for a misdeed,in retrospect,well-intentioned,come to sb.s rescue,A R _ Useful Expressions 3,15. 极其熟练、温和地,with extreme facility and gentleness,16. 适用于,apply to,17. 发展到,evolve to,18. 发展创造力,promote creativity,19. 值得追求的目标,worthwhile goals,1. It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition. 2. Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience. 3.Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age.,4. Assuming(that) this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think its worthwhile to buy/purchase it? 5. If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating.,D R _ Sentence 1 _ Because of ,Paraphrase the sentence.,Because he was so young and didnt quite know that he should position the key carefully to fit into the narrow key slot, he would usually fail.,Because of his tender age and incomplete understanding of the need to position the key just so, he would usually fail.,D R _ Sentence 2 _ Benjamin was ,Paraphrase the sentence.,Benjamin was not bothered at all.,Benjamin was not bothered,Translate the sentence into Chinese.,本杰明一点也不在意。,D R _ Sentence 3 _ and to ,Paraphrase this part of the sentence.,And to help explain Chinese attitudes toward creativity., and to throw light on Chinese attitudes toward creativity.,D R _ Sentence 4 _ since the child ,What does the desired action refer to?,Positioning the key carefully to fit into the slot., since the child is neither old enough nor clever enough to realize the desired action on his own, what possible gain is achieved by having him struggle?,In your opinion, what possible gain can be achieved by having Benjamin struggle?,Open-ended.,D R _ Sentence 5 _ He may well ,Paraphrase the sentence.,He is likely to get frustrated and angry.,You use “may well” when you are saying what you think is likely to happen.,He may well get frustrated and angry.,D R _ Sentence 6 _ He was having ,What do the two activities refer to?,Having a good time and exploring.,He was having a good time and was exploring, two activities that did matter to us.,Paraphrase two “activities that did matter to us”.,Tow activities that were important to us.,D R _ Sentence 7 _ whether it be ,Analyze the structure of the sentence.,The subjunctive mood is used here.,Whether he be present or absent, we shall have to do our part., whether it be placing a key in a key slot, drawing a hen or making up for a misdeed ,Paraphrase the sentence.,No matter whether it is placing a key in a key slot, drawing a hen or making up for some mistakes.,D R _ Sentence 8 _ young Westerners ,What does making their boldest departures mean?,Doing sth. different from an established rule or tradition., young Westerners making their boldest departures first and then gradually mastering the tradition ,Translate this part into Chinese.,西方的年轻人先是大胆创新，然后逐渐深谙传统。,D R _ Sentence 9 _ But assuming ,Can you analyze the structure of this sentence?,But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals ,assuming + that-clause: 假定 You use assuming that when you are considering a possible situation or event, so that you can think about the consequences.,Assuming that we all work at th