高三英语语法总复习——动词不定式2.ppt

The Infinitive,不定式运用口诀 本领最多不定式，主、表、宾、补、定和状。 样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。 大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改， 作主宾时用“it”, 自己在后把身藏。 七个感官三使役， 宾补要把to甩开； 疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当； 逻辑主语不定式，不定式前for sb. ; to前not是否定， 各种用法区别开。,The Infinitive,subject,object,predictive,attribute,adverbial,complement,To do that sort of thing is foolish.,It is foolish to do that sort of thing.,I want to see you this evening.,All you have to do is (to) finish it quickly,We found a house to live in.,She came here to study English.,The patient was warned not to eat oily food after the operation.,He lifted a stone only to drop it on his own feet.,They jumped with joy to hear the news.,It seems to be very happy.,It appears to be very angry.,（2）Infinitive as Predictive(表语),(Predictive),(Predictive),Make sentences from the table:,3.,object(宾语): 一些动词要用不定式作宾语, 常见的动词有want, hope, wish, ask, choose, decide, expect, manage, offer, promise, refuse, seek, try, pretend, learn, afford, need等。 He hoped/wished/expected to go abroad. He promised to buy me a computer. 一些动词要用wh-疑问词+不定式作宾语，常见的动词有decide, know, learn, wonder, understand, find out, remember, see等 what to do. how to do it. I dont know who(m) to ask/invite. when to stop where to go.,不定式一般不能作介词的宾语，只有在极少数介词如 ：but, except等后才行，此时不定式可带to 或不带to. We have no choice but to wait outside. They could do nothing but ask for help.,4. 不定式短语作宾语补足语 例：The teacher asked me to do it again. 老师叫我再做一次。 不定式短语to do it作宾语me的补足语。,I will invite him to play and have dinner with me.,(宾补）,Infinitive as Object Complement,(Object complement),Rewrite the sentences, using the words given to you . 1.“Why dont you play the role of queen in the play?” I encouraged her 2.“Dont forget to wear your gloves. Its freezing.” I reminded her 3.“You cant take the box of treasure away.” I did not allow her 4.“Why cant they sing some well-known songs?” Id prefer them 5.“Do you want to understand the poem? Ill help you.” . I helped him,to play the role of queen in the play.,to wear her gloves as it was freezing.,to take the box of treasure away,to sing some well-known songs,( to) understand the poem.,The Infinitive as object Complement,英语中有些及物动词要跟复合宾语(宾+宾补),如allow, encourage, expect, help, prefer等带不定式作宾补.,e.g.Your parents dont allow you to play the computer,Teachers encouraged students to speak in English.,1,2,To help each other is good. It is good to help each other. 互相帮助是好的。,例1： To help each other is good. It is good to help each other. 互相帮助是好的。 例2：I find it difficult to understand him. 我发现了解他很困难。 不定式短语to understand him作真正宾语, it是形式宾语。 He found it important to study Russian. The computer makes it possible to calculate faster.,不定式在七个感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, find, notice, listen to, 三个使役动词 let, have, make等后作宾补时,to要省略。如 例1： Now, let me go. （go前省掉了to） 例2：I saw her run into the classroom. （run前的to省掉了） 比较She was seen to run into the classroom.,例1. The farmers didnt know what to do. The farmers didnt know what they should do. 例2. Please tell me how to get to the zoo. Please tell me how I can get to the zoo.,adverbial(状语): (1) 表示目的【(not)to / (not)in order to / so as (not)to】 We eat to live and dont live to eat. (2) 表示结果 (so/suchas to., enough to, tooto, only to 他这么傻竟相信了这事。 He was so foolish as to believe it. He was foolish enough to believe it. He is too young to join the army. 另外only常用在不定式的前面, 表示出人意料的结果,如: We arrived there only to find the train gone. He returned home only to find his house broken into. 不定式中作结果状语的注意点： 1）某些形容词在“tooto”结构中表示肯定，这类词是： anxious, eager, glad, ready, surprised, willing She was too surprised to see how angry her father was. 2）在not, never, only, all, but等后的”tooto”结构中，”too”的 含义为”very”，不定式没有否定含义。 Im only too glad to stay at home. Its never too old to learn.,(3)表示原因 (a)不定式也可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语, 说明产生这种情况的原因, 常见的形容词有: sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick, rude, cruel, disappointed等。 Im glad/pleased to see you. We were surprised to hear the news.,6. 不定式短语作定语 例1：Is this the best way to help him? 这是帮他的最好办法吗？ 不定式短语to help him作way的后置定语。 例2: He is the man to depend on. 他是可以依靠的人。 不定式短语to depend on作man的后置定语。,注意: 不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有 动宾关系;如果不定式是不及物动词,则后面需有适当的介词。,attribute(定语): 不定式及其短语作定语只能放在名词的后面,以下名词和句型常用不定式作定语,如: chance, way, opportunity, time, the first, the last, the second, the only等词后,在have to do和there be句型中。e.g. 没有人可以照看他. There is no one to take care of her. 只有五种式样可供选择. There are only five pairs to choose from.,不定式在以下形容词后:easy, difficult, hard, heavy, light, cheap, expensive, good, nice, safe, dangerous, important, interesting, pleasant, (im)possible, fun等。 This question is difficult _ (answer). Do you think him easy_ (work) with? 这时用主动形式表被动意思。,It is beautiful music to enjoy.,(定语),Infinitive as Attribute,(Attribute),Combine these sentences 1.She thought of this idea first. (She was the first person) 2.We need to weigh the flesh. ( Lets find something) 3.Is there anything you wish to say? (What do you have) 4.That will be the only thing we have to do now. (That will be the only thing),She was the first person to think of the idea,Lets find something to weigh the flesh.,What do you have to say?,That will be the only thing to do.,不定式的逻辑主语，在不定式前加for(of) sb. ，如： 例1. It is important for us to study English.,例2. It is nice of you to help me.,不定式的否定形式只要在to前加not。如： 例1. Ill try not to be late. 例2. Tell him not to make any noise.,不定式作独立成分。 To tell (you) the truth, he doesnt agree with you. To begin with, Beijing is a very beautiful city.,We were surprised to hear the news. 2. We have to get up early to catch the first train. 3. He is considered to be a great scientist. 4. To see is to believe. 5. I have a lot of words to say. 6.Its impossible for him to go alone. 7.She promised to make no mistakes at all. 8.I find it difficult to understand him. 9. To catch the train, wed better hurry to the station by taxi.,The tense and voice of the infinitive,1.I want to tell him about it.,2.I want to be told about it.,5.She seems to have known the truth .,(Active Voice),(Passive Voice),(Indefinite Tense),(Perfect tense),4.She seems to be sleeping,(Continuous tense),3.She seems to be sleepy,The tense and voice of the infinitive,动词不定式省略to 的情况归纳,*1 当动词不定式作宾语补足语时，如动词是 make, let , have 或 look at , see, watch, observe, hear, listen to, feel 、等，不定式不带to. *2. 在下列结构后 had better, would rather, would ratherthan, cannot but（不得不 ，必然，不能不）, cant help but 等 *3. Why. 或 why not 表建议 *4. 在介词 but , except 之后，如果其前有 实义动词do 的某种形式，不定式不带to,反之须带to .,*5 不定时作表语时，如果解释do的具体内容时，to可以省去。 *6 动词help或help+宾语之后，可用带to的不定式，也可用不带to的不定式，但在help+宾语+不定式结构中，如果用不带to的不定式，表示主语参与了不定式所表示的动作；如果用带to的不定式，表示主语没有参与不定时所表示的动作。,1.Did you notice anyone come in? 2.I must apologize for not letting you know ahead of time. *3. Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his sister. 4. I cannot but agree. 5. I cant help but feel sorry for Tom. 6. Why not have a try again? 7. Why spend so much money? 8. Then it has no choice but to lie down and sleep.,9. There is nothing to do except wait till it stops raining. 10. The first thing she did was go up to her trainer and thank for all her help during the training. 11. Will you help me (to) repair this bike?,1.He asked me to help him repair his radio, but I dont know _. to do it B. how to C. what to do it D. how to do 2. His voice made me _ terrible. To feel B. feel C. feels D. felt 3. My parents told me _ people when they are in trouble. never laugh at B. not to laugh at dont laugh at D. not laugh at 4. Its bad manners _ rude to people. to be B. are C. be D. to being 5. Its interesting _ us to take part in the games. A. of B. to C. for D. at,6.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. A not make B not to make C not making D do not make 7.Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C to be expecting D expects 8.Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 9. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone,tell, discuss, know, show, learn, decide, wonder, explain,10.Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _everything.(2001年上海） to tell B.to be told C. to be telling D.to have been told 11. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _whether they will enjoy it.(NMET 2002) A. to see B.to be seen C. seeing D. seen,12. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. (MET1993) A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented 13. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. (MET2003) A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much,14. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. (MET95) A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 15. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. (MET 92) A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking 16.There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to buy.(1999上海高考) A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing,17._late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. (2001年北京春季高考) A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep 18.With a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.(2002年上海春季高考) A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled,19.She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role_in making the earth a better place to live. (2003上海春季高考) A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing 20.In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state run companies are trying _their products more competitive. ( 2002上海春季高考) A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made,_is a good of exercise for both the young and the old. A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk 2. When and where to build the new power station _ yet. A.is not decided B. are not decided C.has not decided D. have not decided 3.Is_necessary to change trains at Beijing? A. this B. that C. it D. he 4.Our father often told us in the past that _is believing. A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen 5.She pretended_the letter I wrote yesterday. A.not to receive B. not receiving C.not to hear from D. having not received,6.I cant imagine_that with such a famous author. A.work B.to work C.to be working D. working 7.She reached the top of the hill and stopped_on a big rock by the side of the path. A.to have rested