高中英语词类及用法.ppt

英语词类,英语中的单词可以分为十大词类： 1 名词 n. teacher, book等。 2 代词 pron. we ,me, he 等。 3 数词 num. two, fifth 等。 4 动词 v. work, study, live 等。 5 形容词 adj. good, big, beautiful 等。 6 副词 adv. fast, quickly, hard等。 7 冠词 art. a, an, the等。 8 介词 prep. in, on, by, with等。 9 连词 conj. and, but等。 10 感叹词 interj. Oh,ah等。,名词作主、宾、表、定,My friend is from Shanghai. He asked a lot of questions. Mr Smith is our teacher. There are some school things in my bag.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,代词作主、宾、表、定,We like to play football after class. Read after me These magazines are ours. I saw the accident with my own eyes.,主,宾,表,定,形容词作表、定、宾补、状,The tea is very strong. Harbin is a nice city in north China. Theres nothing serious at all. Dont make your parents angry. Hungry and tired, he had to stop working.,表,定,定,宾补,伴随状,副词修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句, 作状语,He works hard on his subjects. Im quite busy these days. Tom always writes very carefully. Luckily, she had got another chance.,修饰动词,修饰形容词,修饰副词,修饰全句,名词(noun - n.) 注意：名词使用要分清可数或者不可数 可数名词C 不能单独使用，正确形式： a book, the book, my book, this book, books 不可数名词U 可单独出现，或用量词修饰 paper, some paper, a piece of paper, some pieces of paper,名词(noun - n.) 可数名词有单、复数之分 单数 复数 shop shops bus buses library libraries图书馆 toy toys 玩具 man men tooth teeth牙齿 datum data数据,代词(pronoun - pron.) 代指一类人,事或物。 1. 人称代词，如：I, you, they, it等； 2. 物主代词，如：my, his, their, our, mine, hers等； 3. 反身代词，如：myself, yourself, itself, ourselves, oneself等； 4. 相互代词，如：each other, one another等； 5. 指示代词，如：this, that, these, those, such, same等； 6. 疑问代词，如：who, whom, whose, which, what等； 7. 关系代词，如：who, whom, whose, which, that等； 8. 不定代词，如：some, any, no, all, one, every, many, a little, someone, anything等；,代词(pronoun - pron.) 代指一类人,事或物。 注意： 代词使用必须和它所代替的名词在 人称、数、性、格上取得一致。 Mary has two cats. She loves them so much. She often feeds her cats fish. She thinks she can look after them by herself. The bigger cat is black. It is older, too. Its eyes are blue. Its beautiful.,动词(verb - v.)表示动作或状态：sign(签字)，support(支持)，have(有)，exist(存在)等。 根据意义和作用可分为: 实义动词、系动词、情态动词和助动词。 实义动词有完全的词义，并能独立作谓语，例如：explain(解释)，stay(停留)，have(有)等。 系动词作谓语时，后面需接表语。 常见英语系动词有：be(是)，seem(似乎)，look(看起来)，become(变成)，appear(显得)，get(变得)，feel(感到)，turn(变成)，remain(仍然是)等。,动词(verb - v.) 情态动词表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等说话人的语气和情感。情态动词只能和原行动词一起构成谓语动词。英语情态动词主要有can(能够)，may(可以，也许)，must(必须), could, might等。 助动词常和主要动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气等动词形式，以及用于否定和疑问等结构中。英语助动词主要有shall, will, have, be, should, would, do等。,动词(verb - v.) 实义动词根据是否跟宾语分为及物动词和不及物动词。 及物动词(vt)后面要跟宾语。例如： You must consider the matter carefully. Have you received the letter? 不及物动词(vi) 后面不跟宾语，例如： The old man walked very slowly. He didnt sleep well last night.,动词(verb - v.) 动词有五种基本形式: 原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 第三人称单数 live lived lived living lives build built built building builds eat ate eaten eating eats,动词(verb - v.) 改错 He reading English now. Great changes taken place since he left. Such books written for middle school students.,is,have,are,数词(numeral - num.) 数目多少(基数词) ： one，twenty，thirty-five， one hundred and ninety-five 顺序多少(序数词)： first，twentieth，fifty-first,形容词(adjective - adj.) 修饰名词或代词，说明事物或人的性质或特征 lovely, kind, nice 形容词的比较等级 原级 比较级 最高级 big bigger biggest difficult more difficult most difficult good better best,连(接)词(conjunction - conj.) 连接: 词与词、词组与词组、句子与句子 并列连词连接并列关系的词、短语、从句或句子，例如：and(和), or(或者、否则), but(但是), for(因为), not only.but also(不仅.而且), neither.nor(即不.也不)。 从属连词连接主从复合句的主句和从句，例如：that, if(如果), whether(是否), when(当.时候), although(虽然), because(因为), so that(结果)。,副词(adverb - adv.)修饰动词、形容词、副词等, 以说明动作或状态的特征。 1.普通副词，例如：together(一起)，well(好)，carefully(仔细地)等； 2.疑问副词，例如：when(何时)，where(何地)，how(如何)，why(为什么)等； 3.连接副词，例如：therefor(因此)，then(然后)，however(然而)，otherwise(否则)等； 4.关系副词，例如：where, when, why等。 副词的比较等级的构成和形容词一样。,介词(preposition - prep.) 又称前置词， 后面必须有名词、名词性词组或名词性从句 作它的宾语，构成介词短语。 He is interested in maths. make up his mind interview him about what he has done.,Tips： 很多单词有多种词性。 right adj. 对的 n. 权利 fine v. 罚款 adj.好的 fly v. 飞 n. 苍蝇 smoke v. 吸烟 n.烟尘 own v. 拥有 adj.自己的 Just adv. 刚才 adj. 正义的 Key n. 钥匙 adj. 主要的 well adv. 好 n. 水井,Tommy Tucker tried to tie Tammys Turtle tie. 汤米.塔克试图系上塔米的海龟领带 I saw a saw that could not saw any other saw I ever saw. 我见到一把锯，这把锯不能锯我曾看到的其他锯。,tongue twisters,Cat got your tongue?你的舌头打结了吗？,Canners can can what they can can, but can not can things that cant be canned. 制罐者能够把他们能制罐的东西制成罐头,但是不能把不能被制罐的东西制成罐头。,tongue twisters,Sound travels at 1,000 feet per second. Your idea sounds a good one. Old as Cara