近五年全国卷英语命题特点

近五年全国卷英语命题特点 及新课标20xx年备考策略,心中有纲（大纲） 腹中有卷 （高考卷）,眼中有本（课本） 手中有题 (模拟题）,胸中有策（高考策略）,备考策略,一、研读考纲，制定了科学的备考方案 为了适应新的高考要求，我们仔细研读新课程标准和考试说明，认真分析了近五年全国卷试题特别是2016年试题的变化。明确了高考的命题方向，总结了试题规律，在认真分析考点的前提下，我们制订详尽的备考计划和备考策略，全组统一了认识明确了备考的方向。备考计划和备考策略制定确保了高三的备考工作的顺利进行，避免了很多盲目性，为取得优异成绩创造了条件。,二、合理的整合了课程资源；却是提高了备考实效 大家都知道，高考是考察学生语言的综合运用能力，高考的命题是以新课标的要求和考试说明为依据的，而不是根据那套教材为依据的。因此，在新的形势下高三的复习是把课本在复习一遍，还是另辟蹊径，为此我们高三组进行了专门的讨论。经过反复论证，我们决定自己探索出一条适合我校实际情况的备考模式。我校学生的英语基础相对薄弱，英语学习习惯较差，再加上学生从思想上不重视，加大了备考的难度。学生往往词汇量偏差，有的学生到了高三中考的词汇都过不了关，然而新课标和考试说明要求学生找我3500词。面对如此学情，为了解决学生词汇与阅读的瓶颈和提高备考效率，我们科学的整合了课程资源，编写了晨读学案，一轮复习学案、二轮复习解题技巧和方法指导学案。经过高考检验证明我们的学案是行之有效的。,三、分工协作、取长补短，共同提高 高三组共五人，老中青搭配，我们这个团队构成合理，不仅有较强的团队精神，善于反思、总结、及时调整的能力，而且有创新的意识和强烈的责任意识。我们齐心协力，在2017年高考中取得了优异的成绩。在编写学案的过程中，集体的力量显得尤为重要。在课程资源整合中要求老师更应当团结协作，资源共享，共同发展。一开始，我们就把任务分配下去，各个老师根据不同的话题查找资料，形成一个较为粗糙的材料，接着利用集体备课的平台讨论完善，使之成为一个可行的学案。通过集体备课，老师们精诚合作，促进了团队的建设增进了友谊并且去报了备考的计划的落实与实施。通过集体备课，听评课的活动，教师们取长不短，共同发展。,阅读理解,总词汇量、阅读速度, 2015年近年最低； 2016年基本基本持平，略有增加,与预测相同。,近五年全国卷英语命题特点,“阅读理解”短文阅读量,较短,各篇长度差异较大,各篇长度差异小,相当 （同预测）,考点：与往年持平，分布均匀； 语言难度：新课标词汇成为常态。,2016年全国卷I考了“选择标题”,2015年全国卷“词义猜测”指代关系,2016年全国卷I考了“词义猜测”courier,完形填空,实词考查为主，动词突出，名词略少；连词偏多。,短文改错,考点分布均匀，侧重动词（3）考查； 连接词偏多涉及状语从句（去but）、介词宾语从句（where）、并列连词（and）,书面表达,201x年备考 复 习 思 路,采取三轮复习的方法； （一）时间安排 1. 第一轮：2016.092017.03； 2. 第二轮：2017.032017.04； 3. 第三轮：2017.052017.06.,词汇一条线,目的：夯实基础知识 时间：暑期及高三第一学期 内容：教材学习和复习穿插同步进行。 词汇复习（假期作业）： 必修一到选修八，内容主要包括考纲规定的3500单词和短语以及基本句型,一、第一轮复习：基础知识复习,二、2017年各个题型备考策略,听力 阅读 完形 语法填空 改错 写作,如何完胜阅读理解,明确4大题型 关注10大常考处,阅读理解常考的 4大题型,1,阅读理解常考的4大题型,细节理解题要求考生对文章中的特定细节或具体事实进行判断和认定。一般来说，此类题目多属直接解答性问题，是高考阅读的四个题型中难度最小的一种。它的得分率相对较高，所占的比重较大，是我们做好阅读理解、夺取高分的基础，此类题目，只要细心就能做对。,阅读理解常考的4大题型,常见提问方式 How was the fire put out according to the text? We learn from the text that on 24 May _. If you take the evening program at the International House, you will pay about _. Which of the following shows the right order of what happened to the diary? Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?,阅读理解常考的4大题型,正确选项特征 一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到答案，但是不可能与阅读材料一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型去表达相同的意思。 题干和正确项的信息值之和等于或者约等于原文中某句的信息值。,阅读理解常考的4大题型,干扰选项特征 与短文细节部分相吻合，部分相悖。 是短文细节，但不符合题干要求。 是短文细节，但不是要点或主要论据。 符合常识，但不是文章内容。 明显与短文细节不符或短文未提及。 与原句的内容极为相似，只是在程度上有些变动。,阅读理解常考的4大题型,词义猜测题不是考查考生的词汇量，而是要求考生根据上下文中的已知信息对单词或词组的具体语义和代词、名词的指代问题进行合理推测。涉及的词语有四类：熟词新义、生僻单词、词组短语和代词。,阅读理解常考的4大题型,常见提问方式 What does the underlined word “hassle” (Paragraph 1) probably mean? The word “verifying” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by _. What did Cory Luxmoore mean when he said “Im on high”？,阅读理解常考的4大题型,正确选项特征 与原文上下文联系非常紧密。 可以通过上下文内容的提示确定，原文提示的方式一般有：定义和解释、描述和例证、同义和反义、平行关系以及构词法等。,阅读理解常考的4大题型,干扰选项特征 与上下文并不相吻合的我们所熟悉的定义。 与上下文似乎相吻合的错误定义。,阅读理解常考的4大题型,推理判断题要求考生由文章中已知信息出发，对题干要求的内容进行合理化推测，大多会问及文章的暗示、推论、结论、人物的身份和关系、作者的观点、态度和语气等。这类试题，除了需要准确、透彻地理解短文、理顺文章的脉络，还要求考生有一定的思考提炼和逻辑推理的能力。该题型在高考阅读理解中难度较大，是取得高分必须要攻破的一道难关。,阅读理解常考的4大题型,常见提问方式 After reading the story what can we infer about the hospital? We may learn from the text that Sue Townsend is _. Which of the following best describes how the writer feels about stage schools? It can be concluded that the passage is most probably part of a(n) _.,阅读理解常考的4大题型,正确选项特征 “立足原文，只推一步”，即根据原文内容，一步即可推得。 选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念，如only, never, all, absolutely等，正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用一些相对能够留下一些余地的词汇，如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably等。,阅读理解常考的4大题型,干扰选项特征 与常识相吻合，但并不是从短文内容推知的，不是基于文章。 看似从原文推断出来的结论，然而实际上与原文不符。 推理过头，引申过度。偏离文章主题，属主观臆断的结论。 是短文内容的简单重述，而非推断出来的结论，把直接表达当作间接推理。,阅读理解常考的4大题型,主旨大意题考查考生能否分辨主题和细节、是否具备提纲挈领的能力。大多会问及短文主题、标题、作者的写作意图、短文的学科分类及读者对象等。这类题型要求考生在阅读后进行概括，找出短文各要点间的内在联系和共性，从而归纳出短文的主旨和大意。该题型属于中等难度试题，在近五年的高考试题中所占比重较大，平均占到总题量的四分之一左右。,阅读理解常考的4大题型,常见提问方式 What does the second paragraph mainly discuss? What is the subject discussed in the text? What would be the best title for the text? The main purpose of writing this text is _.,阅读理解常考的4大题型,正确选项特征 涵盖性强，覆盖全文。 确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小。 精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。,阅读理解常考的4大题型,干扰选项特征 覆盖面太大、太笼统，大大超出了短文论述的范围。 覆盖面偏窄，在内容上只涉及短文的某一部分或若干要点；仅为短文的某一要点甚至某一细节。 与短文有部分交集，但偏离文章主题，有重叠但不重合。,正确选项的5种命题规律,正确选项的5种命题规律,干扰选项的 5种命制规律,干扰选项的5种命题规律,干扰选项的5种命题规律,命题人常关注的 10大常考处,2,命题人常关注的10大常考处,无论是议论文还是说明文，一篇文章往往分成几个部分或层次进行说明和论证，每个段落一般都是一个部分或者一个层次。英美作者写文章的逻辑性非常强，文章结构都非常规范，因此每个段落的首句和尾句也经常是该段落的主旨句，也是出题的重点区域。,命题人常关注的10大常考处,文章的转折处也是体现作者观点和文章主题的地方，作者经常通过先抑后扬的方法在转折词之后才明确提出自己的观点。转折词前后的意思一般来说都是相反的，而作者会偏重其中的某一方。因此，在阅读过程中看到转折词，考生最好能作上标记以方便做题时查找。一些明显的转折词包括but, however, on the contrary, yet(句首), still(句首), as a matter of fact, in fact等。,命题人常关注的10大常考处,另外，作者也经常把两个事物、两件事实、两种观点进行对比，从而论证自己观点的正确性。表示对比的一些标志性词语有by contrast, in comparison, be compared with等。特别需要指出的是，只要文章第一段中出现一组对比的概念或事物，这个地方往往会成为考题的命题重点，考生应掌握这一规律，在看到文章首段出现转折对比的内容时，应当立即集中注意力，同时还要明白，第一段出现转折关系时，转折后所表述的一定是文章的主旨，而在首段出现的对照或对比的内容将在下文中进行具体的议论，并在文章最后得出结论。,命题人常关注的10大常考处,因果逻辑关系也很受高考英语命题者青睐，因为因果句阐述了两个事件或者事实之间的内在联系，是作者进行分析或者得出结论的地方。出题者为了考查考生的阅读能力和逻辑分析能力，经常会将因果颠倒，考生需要注意辨别实际的因果关系，防止受到迷惑。表示因果关系的词语有：because, because of, for, since, due to, thanks to, as a result of, as, so, thus, therefore, consequently, in consequence, as a result, result from, result in, cause, lead to, attribute . to等。有时候文章中虽然没有出现表示因果关系的标志性词语，但是在逻辑上也存在着因果关系，这个时候考生就需要自己进行判断和推理。,命题人常关注的10大常考处,一般的议论文和说明文都需要一些例子来支持作者的论证和说明，这些例子往往与作者的说明和论述有很大的关联，考纲中明确提出考生需要掌握区分论点与论据的能力，因此这也成了考题出处的热点。这种题目在文章中的线索非常明显，一般都带有如下的标志性词汇：for example, for instance, take . as an example, such as, like等。考生要牢记一般文章举例处的前后句就是与该例子相关的作者论点，所以在做此类题目的时候就需要追本溯源，寻找观点，才能保证所选答案的正确率。,命题人常关注的10大常考处,(1)冒号：冒号出现有两大作用后面内容用来解释说明前面抽象的内容；后面是对前面内容的总结。不管是解释还是总结，出现冒号通常都选择读冒号后面的内容。 (2)括号：括号中间的内容通常用来解释或强调括号前面的内容，我们在平时的学习过程中见到括号一般都跳过，但是在英语中通常要强调的内容放在括号中，因此不可以跳过，反而要认真仔细分析。 (3)破折号：破折号后面的内容表示对前面内容的解释说明或补充，说明此处信息至关重要。但要注意，两个破折号的作用通常为插入语，就不再是重点信息。,命题人常关注的10大常考处,议论文或说明文中经常引用他人的观点来支持作者的观点。引文有可能是从正面来支持作者的观点，也有可能是作者通过驳斥反面观点从而论证自己的观点。因此，引文间接地表达了作者自己的观点，有一定的隐蔽性和迷惑性，同时也是出题者考查的热点区域，通常会考查考生的推理能力和对作者态度观点的判断能力。,命题人常关注的10大常考处,一般情况下出现the research indicates, the report suggests等类似的结论建议性表达方式时，表明此处为文中提及的实验和研究的结果或作者要阐明论证的结果。出题者通常不会考查实验研究的过程，而将注意力放在结论结果上，因此做题过程中要格外注意这些表达的出现。,命题人常关注的10大常考处,为了简洁明了地表达事物及其逻辑关系，作者常会利用各种代词、名词来代替前面提到过的人、物或事。当指代词前后的句子结构比较复杂、指代词与其代替的人、物或事相隔较远或指代词周围出现多个事物时，这种指代关系往往不容易一下区分清楚，因而常常受到出题人的青睐。,命题人常关注的10大常考处,文章中作者对于某人或某事物的观点或态度，以及文章中涉及的其他人或组织机构的观点或态度也常受出题人青睐。解题时要留意文章中出现doubt, appreciate, hate, against等表达观点态度的词语的地方，以及一些带有感情色彩的特殊句式(祈使句、感叹句、反问句等)。,三种关联秒杀 七选五,The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today.,前后语义关联；前后语法关联；文章结构关联,前后语句因含义构成的联系，叫语义关联,前后语句在语法层面构成的显著联系，叫语法关联,篇章段落间构成的结构关系，叫结构关联,请翻译： head bolt washer nut thread width,线宽度,无关联,头,螺栓,洗衣工,坚果,译错了,换一种译法： head bolt washer nut thread width,螺帽,有关联,螺距,螺母,垫圈,螺栓,语法关联,名词、代词呼应关系； 第二次出现用 the 的呼应； 前后时态一致呼应关系； 并列、复合句式关系：,篇章结构关联,篇章结构指的是段与段的关联 比如：总分式；辨证三段式 引子，正方，反方，我认为,1-1、_,During my first meeting, I presented and then opened the floor to questions. 71 . My first reaction was to answer defensively. ,B. Restate the question with respect. C. Some ideas can be quite concrete. D. There were many difficult questions.,词汇复现-同词复现,细节类题型,语义关联,1-2、_,There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leaves us without a friend 71 . But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage.,D. Try not to find fault with your friends. E. Making new friends comes easy for some people. F. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch.,词汇复现-反义词复现,细节类题型,But,复现是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，复现的形式主要是指主要是指同词（同源词）复现、同（近）义词复现、反义词复现等。,语义关联,Parents should help their children understand money. 71 so you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example.,D. Talk yourself what things that cost money are most important to you. E. Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you. G. The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest.,2-1 _,词汇同现（同一词汇范畴),细节类题型,同一词汇搭配范畴或者某一领域的词汇（意思相近）在文章中同时出现，你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到做题快而准。,语义关联,Riding a London subway , a person from China will notice one major difference: In London, commuters (乘车上下班的人)dont look at each other. _71_. That is not rudeness - people are just too busy to bother looking . A.Modern Londoner are fancy victims D.In fact ,eye contact is avoided at all the time.,2-2 _,意义同现法,细节类题型,虽用不同的词但表达相同的意思。即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章中不同的地方重复出现。,语义关联,语义关联显著特征：,【屡试屡验的方法】,前后有相同字、呼应词,在空前、空后句中寻找相同字或相关呼应词,Try taking these four steps. the next time you are stressed: (1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to “trusted adult, such as “parent or other relatives. 72 They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.,D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone. E. You need to figure out what the problem is. F. And dont forget about your friends.,_,代词线索,细节类题型,名词、代词单复数上呼应关系,语法关联,At the beginning, much depends on how people meet，and on good first impressions. As we get to know people, 72 . Although these factors are not of the greatest importance，it is more difficult to have a good relationship with people when there is a big difference in age and background A. we are usually friends with only a few B. many factors can affect friendship and relationship Ewe consider things like age，race，looks，economic and social status，etc.,细节类题型,_ Improved thinking abilities will help them to understand more both in academic sense and in as an individual.Always love yourself. Thinking is a skill. Creative thinking techniques can develop childrens mind. Thinking is a tool, and it is something that can be sharpened.,them,children,细节类题型,_ They give more background and details. They also let you read parts that are important to you and skip the rest. Both television and the Internet have many disadvantages. Other high-tech timesavers have similar disadvantages. Newspapers and magazines have some important advantages.,They,Newspapers and magazines,read,细节类题型,Ex.6 As in China, the weather is different from area to area._1_ The temperatures can fall to 60 ，which is 60 below freezing. In the capital,Ottawa,the average of winter temperature is -10,and in summer 21 . _2_ The average January temperature is 3 ,and in July it is 18 ,Canada is famous for the kind of paper which is used for newspapers Canada is the second largest country in the world . The west coast of Canada is the warmest place in winter In the North,the winters are long and hard with snow for six months. For two centuries English and French settlers struggled against each other.,数字线索,包括具体数字以及和数字相关的词汇诸如ratio比率 , rate等等。作者列出数字，除了和其他数字进行对比和比较之外，还可以用数据来说明一个观点。,语义关联,细节类题型,Some 40 years earlier, at the beginning of the 18th century, the French had founded another city just above the Mississippi delta, New Orleans. 75 . New Orleans is one of the great ports of the world, and one of the greatest terminals for both sea and river traffic. A. It was the Mississippi that made the city what it is （海淀一模The Mississippi） BLevees, high banks built of earth, hold back the flood waters CTherefore, as we know, its the third longest river in the world,冠词线索,定冠词the一般之上文出现过，或提到过的人或物，并且上文提到的该人或物以 a/ an+ n （another/some+ n）的形式出现.,语法关联,细节类题型,_The term itself came from that the fact the dances were made in the streets. There arent any rules to “street dance” and freestyle is emphasized. Its hard to define, but it is basically freely expressing music with ones body.,A. Street dance was first formed in the 20th century. B. Street dance is one of the most popular forms of outdoor sport. C. Battle of the Year, Freestyle Session and Just Debut are all break dancing competition. D. There are many different schools of street dance. E. Sometimes street dance becomes competitive and you should hold your own in a circle. F. Street dance has been accepted by the young. G Some schools use street dance as a form of physical education.,was,is,are,are,becomes,has,use,时态线索,相邻句子时态往往一样,语法关联,细节类题型,_ Universities in Britain are a magnet for overseas students. There are currently over 200 000 from outside Britain studying at British universities. The largest single group is Chinese students.There are currently 50 000 in the UK. Universities in the UK It is very simple to become an international student in the UK Scholarships in Universities,标题,主旨类题型-标题,短小精悍， 简洁概括全文，大写。,结构关联,There are many things that parents and teachers can do to help children develop love for nature Start young If you love nature yourself, it is very easy to 2_ A great way to help children connect them with nature is to get them to help in the garden .this will bring them touch Take them into the wild Make trips to the wild with your children regularly,A. Let them to help in the garden B. As they grow older, teach children to value nature. C. Make trips to the wild with your children regularly.,Teaching your kids to love nature,主旨类题型-标题,祈使句,结构关联,Three Apples changed the world. The first one seduced Eve. The second one awakened Newton. The third one was in the hands of Steve Jobs. 1_ On character Im the only person I know thats lost a quarter of a billion dollars On good design Thats been one on my mottoes- focus and simplicity. simple. _3_ Your work is going to fill a large part of your life. and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what youre you believe is great work.,A. Its very character-building . B. Here are some famous words from Steve Jobs to share. C. On your working life D. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do .,B,C,主旨类题型-标题,介词短语,结构关联,_ When a person does a certain thing again, he is impelled(迫使) by some unseen force to do the same thing repeatedly; thus a habit is formed. Once a habit is formed, it is difficult , and sometimes impossible, to get rid of . It is very important for us to know why we should get used to good habits. Habits, whether good or bad, are gradually formed. Whether good or not habits are , they are easy to get rid of .,段首,主旨类题型-段落大意,概括文段：认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。,结构关联,点出主题，引出下文,靠上下文承接做题,总结下文 本段主题,文章主题，总结全文,首尾呼应,1) 首段首句 2) 中间段首句 3)末段首句,主旨类题型-段落大意,Not all past predictions have been proved wrong. _. Some great thinkers predicted the arrival of the credit card, the fax machine and even the Internet -years before they happened. Predictions of the Future A few of them have been surprisingly accurate. C. It hasnt appear yet.,段中,主旨类题型-段落大意,承上启下：根据空格前后的句子意思、备选选项的句子意思以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定答案,结构关联,Nowadays in China, parents care about their childrens education more than anything else. They spend a lot coaching(训练) their children in their studies. Some even hire teachers for their children. Many have their children sent to after-class schools._. So it seems as if a better education is all that parents expect for their children. Skills and knowledge means competition. Skills and knowledge doesnt mean all.,段尾,主旨类题型-段落大意,总结，承上启下：注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。,结构关联,逻辑关系线索 （并列或递进关系）,The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves. 75 Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you.,B. Do things together. C. Do not wait to be spoken to. D. Try not to find fault with your friends.,and, or, also，neithernor, eitheror, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say ,as well as, the same as, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition to ,what is more,结构关联,推理类题型,It seems urgent, that communications in transport should be improved. _ All over cities, it seems that people are too tired and too rushed to be polite. Communication between human beings should also be kept smooth and polite. B.Yet this is all too often seen. C.The public should obey the rules.,also,推理类题型,逻辑关系线索 （因果关系）,It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend. 74 . The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally.,E. Making new friends comes easy for some people. F. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch. G. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.,because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, sothat, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result ,because of ,in that, for this reason,结构关联,推理类题型,_ Some choose it because of their religious beliefs. Others say it provides more time for the family to be together.They say home offers a better place for learning. Some parents. A. So a number of parents began home-schooling B. Home schooling is not accepted by all the people C. Parents choose home schooling for several reasons D.Most often, their parents are their teachers,推理类题型,逻辑关系线索 （转折关系）,Everyone is forgetful, but as we age, we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bitand that can be a very annoying thing. 71 Read on for some techniques worth trying.,D. So take a few minutes each day to do some reading. F. Luckily, research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments. G. In other words, when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain.,but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than ,instead of, it is true that, although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of,结构关联,推理类题型,This could be watching TV or listening to music. Doing some exercises earlier in the day should help you feel physically as well as men