英语时态复习.ppt

,Revision of tense,一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 一般将来时 现在完成时,一般现在时态,一般现在时态的陈述句,概念：一般现在时态表示的是经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态。,eg: I am a teacher . You are a worker. She/He is a student . We/You/They are students.,1.Be 的用法： I用 am， you用are， is用于他(he)、她(she) 、它(it)，复数(we,you,they)全部都用are,1、一般动词，在词尾加 s ; 如： work-works, live-lives, play-plays, sing- sings. eg: She lives in Ningbo. 她住在宁波。 2、以s/x/sh/ch/o 等字母结尾的动词，词尾加 -es ， teach- teaches, wash- washes. eg: My mother washes the coat. 我母亲洗了大衣。,行为动词do一般现在时第三人称单数（he,she,it) 的构成规则：,2.行为动词： DO 和DOES,II 一般现在时的否定式,1.Be 动词的否定式: be + not,I am a teacher. You are a worker She is a doctor We are friends.,Im not a teacher You arent a worker She isnt a doctor. We arent friends.,is not=isnt are not=arent,否定句,2.(do)当主语是单数第三人称时，它与助动词does有关，但是动词谓语一定要恢复为原形。当主语是其他人称时，它与助动词do有关。,I like English. She likes it very much. We go to work by bike.,I dont like English. She doesnt like it very much. We dont go to work by bike.,否定句,概念：用 yes 或 no 来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。 一般疑问句句首的第一个词一般读得比较重。,III一般疑问句,I am a teacher. Are you a teacher? You are a worker. Are you a worker? He is a student. Is he a student? We are friends. Are you friends?,1.对于be动词，疑问句要求把be 提前，第一人称的单数和复数（I/we），第一变成第二人称。,疑问句,2.对于实义动词，疑问句要求是：当主语是他(he)，她(she)，它(it)时，句子前面加does，并把动词恢复原形；当主语是其他人称时，句前加do ，第一人称(I/we)换第二人称(you)。,I often go there. You like the music. He goes to work by bus . We /You/They like it.,Do you often go there ? Do you like the music? Does he go to work by bus ? Do you/they like it?,. 特殊疑问句,特殊疑问句在考试中涉及得比较多，主要以选择和转换句型为主，首先要掌握一些常用疑问词的意思如：what（什么）,when, what time（什么时间）, who（谁）, where（在哪里）, why（为什么）, how（怎样）, how many+可数名词的复数（多少）， how long（多长时间）, how often（多久一次） 等，其次掌握它的语序，即: 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句语序（Who）除外,一、疑问词+ 一般疑问句句序： Im from the north. Where are you from? I want the books on your desk. What do you want?,特殊疑问句的语序,一般过去时态,一般过去时态的定义,动词的一般过去时态表示过去发生的动作、情况或存在的状态。行为动词（即实义动词）的过去式一般没有人称和数的变化。,谓语动词的构成形式,一般过去时的谓语动词有be动词 和行为动词两种基本形式,规则动词过去式的构成,be动词和行为动词两种基本形式,be动词（或系动词be）的过去式为was和were两个。,行为动词的过去式，其变化分为规则和不规则的两种。,规则动词过去式的构成,一般动词原形末尾加-ed。如：looklooked, staystayed ; 以e结尾的动词只加-d。如：hopehoped, livelived; 末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的动词，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed.如：stopstopped, plan(计划) planned;,规则动词过去式的构成,结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，先将y改为i,再加-ed. 如：studystudied, carrycarried. ed(或-d)的读音：在清辅音结尾的词后读t.如：workworked w kt, help helped helpt; 在浊辅音和元音后读d。如：callcalledkld, play played pled; 在t和d音后面发d。如：wantwantedwntd，need needed ni:dd.,一般过去时态常见的基本用法,1.表示在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态 Liu Jie got up at 7: 10 this morning. He was a student three years ago.,一般过去时态常见的基本用法,2表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 Zhang Yaru always went to school by bike last term.,一般过去时态常见的基本用法,3表示已故人所做的事情。 Comrade Lei Feng did good deeds all his life. (雷锋同志做了一生的好事。),一般过去时态常见的基本用法,4.表示过去所发生的一系列的动作，而这一系列的动作是从现在的角度来考虑的，不是从动作相互之间的关系这一角度来考虑的。 Miss Liu got up at seven oclock this morning, dressed, had breakfast, and went to work.,Be was/were Do did,一般过去时,表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when,现在进行时,定义:表示现在正在进行的动作. 结构:be (is, am, are) +doing 常见时间状语:now, 或动词look, listen eg: We are having an English class now. 否定句：We arent having 一般疑问句：Are you having ?,一般将来时,定义:表示将要做的事或计划要做的事. 结构:be(is ,am, are) going to do will/shall do (shall一般用于第一人称) 时间状语:tomorrow (morning, afternoon, evening),next day (week, month, year), the day after tomorrow, in 2006 . Eg: They are going to have a football match next week.,现在完成时的构成:,Have / has +动词过去分词,1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.,already, ever, yet, just, before, recently, these days, up to now, in the last few years等.,现在完成时的用法(2个),经常与下列词语连用,2. 表示过去发生的动作持续到了现在, 可能继续发展下去,常与for或since引导的时间状语连用.,总结:非延续性动词在完成时的肯定句中不可与含for, since, how long等引导的时间状语连用, 要用别的词替换.,come/arrive ,buy ,borrow ,die ,leave ,begin/start ,join ,be,keep,be dead,be away from,be on,be in/be a member,have,1.Mr. Black left China in 1990. Mr. Black _China since 1990. 2.The hero died five years ago. The hero _ for five years. 3.The meeting began two minutes ago. The meeting _ for two minutes. 4.We borrowed two books last week. We _ the two books for a week. 5. Sally joined the League two years ago. Sally _ the League for two years.,句型转换: (改为意思相同的句子),has been away from,has been dead,has been on,have kept,has been in,总结:have/has been to表示“到(去)过某地”,人已经回来. have/has gone to 表示“到某地去了”,人正在某地或在去某地的途中have/has been in 表示 “在某地呆多久”, 常和表示一段时间的状语连用.,3. for 与since接时间状语时的区别,1. A: What a nice dog! How long have you had it? B: _ two years. A. For B. Since C. In D. From 2. Miss Gao has taught in this school _ 1996. A. for B. at C. in D. since,For后接时间段, since后接时间点或从句.,如: for two years; for six hours; for three days; for five minutes; since three days ago; since 1997; since three days ago; since I came to Beijing 等.,总结:,1. George _ French for ten years. A. had learned B. has learned C. will be learning D. learns 2. Jack has studied Chinese in the school _ the year 2002. A. in B. since C. on D. by,B,B,4. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别,一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last year, just now, then, last week, last month, an hour ago, tw