四肢骨介绍.ppt

附肢骨骼,第三节 附肢骨骼 Appendicular Skeleton,组成,上肢骨,下肢骨,上肢带骨（肩带骨）：锁骨、肩胛骨,自由上肢骨：肱骨、桡骨、尺骨、 腕骨、掌骨、指骨,下肢带骨（盆带骨）：髋骨,自由下肢骨：股骨、髌骨、胫骨、腓骨、 跗骨、跖骨、趾骨,一、上肢骨 Bones of Upper Limb,（一）上肢带骨：直接连于躯干骨。,肩峰端,胸骨端,1、锁骨clavicle：,位置：,横架于胸廓前上方。,形态：,内侧2/3突向前,外侧1/3突向后,上面平坦,下面粗糙,2、肩胛骨scapula:,(1)位置：贴于胸廓后外面,(2)形态：,上缘,肩胛下窝,上角,下角,腋缘,外侧角,脊柱缘,冈上窝,冈下窝,冈上窝supraspinous fossa,喙突coracoid process,肩峰acromion,关节盂glenoid cavity,冈下窝infraspinous fossa,肩胛下窝subscapular fossa,肩胛冈spine of scapula,肩胛切迹,盂上结节,盂上结节,（二）自由上肢骨,1、肱骨humerus,肱骨头 head of humerus,大结节 greater tubercle,小结节 lesser tubercle,外科颈 surgical neck,桡神经沟 sulcus for radial nerve,内上髁medial epicondyle,肱骨小头 capitulum of humerus,外上髁lateral epicondyle,鹰嘴窝olecranon fossa,尺神经沟sulcus for ulnar nerve,肱骨滑车 trochlea of humerus,大结节嵴,小结节嵴,结节间沟,解剖颈,冠突窝,桡窝,2、前臂骨：,位于前臂内侧,鹰嘴olecranon,滑车切迹trochlear notch,尺骨茎突 styloid process of ulna,冠突,尺骨粗隆,尺骨头,环状关节面,桡切迹,骨间缘,（1）尺骨ulna：,桡骨头 head of radius,桡骨茎突 styloid process of radius,桡骨粗隆radial tuberosity,（2）桡骨radius：,关节凹,环状关节面,尺切迹,桡骨颈,腕关节面,骨间缘,位于前臂外侧,3、手骨：,月骨,三角骨,头状骨,豌豆骨,钩骨,掌骨,近节指骨,中节指骨,远节指骨,手舟骨,大多角骨,小多角骨,包括腕骨（8块）、掌骨（5块）和手骨（14块）。,舟月三角豆 大小头状钩,二、下肢骨Bones of Lower Limb,（一）下肢带骨：直接与躯干连接。,髋骨hip bone：由髂骨、耻骨、坐骨融合而成。,髋臼acetabulum,闭孔obturator foramen,髋臼窝,髋臼切迹,髂骨,耻骨,坐骨,耳状面auricular surface,髂嵴iliac crest,髂前上棘anterior superior iliac spine,弓状线arcuate line,髂前下棘,髂后下棘,髂后上棘,髂粗隆,髂结节,髂窝,臀面,髂骨体,髂骨翼,髂骨,耻骨梳 pecten pubis,耻骨结节pubic tubercle,耻骨联合面symphysial surface,耻骨体,耻骨上支,耻骨下支,耻骨嵴,髂耻隆起,耻骨,坐骨大切迹great sciatic notch,坐骨棘ischial spine,坐骨小切迹lesser sciatic notch,坐骨结节ischial tuberosity,坐骨体,坐骨支,坐骨,（二）自由下肢骨：,1、股骨femur,股骨头 head of femur,股骨头凹fovea of femoral head,股骨颈femoral neck,小转子lesser trochanter,粗线linea aspera,臀肌粗隆gluteal tuberosity,内侧髁medial condyle,外侧髁lateral condyle,髁间窝intercondylar fossa,大转子greater trochanter,外上髁,内上髁,收肌结节,转子间嵴,转子间线,2、髌骨patella,髌底,髌尖,关节面,3、小腿骨：,胫骨tibia：,腓骨fibula：,腓骨头 head of fibula,腓骨颈 neck of fibula,外踝lateral malleolus,外侧髁lateral condyle,内侧髁medial condyle,髁间隆起intercondylar eminence,胫骨粗隆 tibial tube