ASME射线II级基础理论试卷.pdf

射线II级基础理论试卷 射线II级基础理论试卷 RT Level II General Examination 姓名： 答卷时间： 地点： Name Time Location 得分： 评卷人： 时间： Marks Examiner Date 1. 射线管中，轰击靶的电子运动速度取决于： ( C ) A) 阴极材料的原子序数 B) 灯丝材料的原子序数 C) 阴极和阳极之间的电位差 D) 整流电路的电流 The velocity of electrons striking the target in an X-ray tube is a function of: A) the atomic number of the cathode material B) the atomic number of the filament material C) the voltage difference between the cathode and anode D) the current flow in the rectifier circuit 2. 哪种源发出的射线其穿透力最大？ ( C ) A) 钴60 B) 220kVp射线管 C) 15MeV回旋加速器 D) 铱192发射的电子 Of the following, the source providing the most penetrating radiation is: A) cobalt-60 B) 220kVp X-ray tube C) 15MeV X-ray betatron D) electrons from iridium-192 3. 铱192源适用的厚度极限约为： ( B ) A) 2英寸钢或当量厚度 B) 4英寸钢或当量厚度 C) 15/2英寸钢或当量厚度 D) 11英寸钢或当量厚度 An iridium-192 gamma-ray source has an approximate practical thickness limit of: A) 2 inches of steel or its equivalent B) 4 inches of steel or its equivalent C) 15/2 inches of steel or its equivalent D) 11 inches of steel or its equivalent 4. 单色射线束： ( D ) A) 是用来产生高对比度射线照片的窄射线束 B) 也叫做多频射线束 C) 是只含有标识射线的射线束 D) 是由单一波长射线组成的射线束 A monochromatic X-ray beam: A) is a narrow beam used to produce high contrast radiographs. B) is also referred to as a heterogeneous X-ray beam. C) is a beam containing only characteristic X-radiation. D) is a beam consisting of a single wavelength. 5. 钴60源的半衰期为5.3年。用新钴源曝光一定时间可得到满意的射线照片，两年后用该钴源对 同一工件进行照相，为得到同样的射线照片，曝光时间应： ( C ) A) 不变 B) 约延长11% C) 约延长31% D) 约延长62100% Cobalt-60 is reported to have a half-life of 5.3 years. By how much should exposure time be increased (over that used initially to produce excellent radiographs when the cobalt-60 source was new) When the source is two years old? A) no change in exposure time is needed B) exposure time should be about 11 percent longer C) exposure time should be about 31 percent longer D) exposure time should be about 62 to 100 percent longer 6. 距1居里钴60源1英尺处的线强度约为： ( A ) A) 15伦小时 B) 1,000伦小时 C) 1伦分 D) 10毫伦天 The gamma-ray intensity at one foot from a one curie source of radioactive cobalt-60 is nearest: A) 15 roentgens per hour B) 1,000 roentgens per hour C) 1 roentgen per minute D) 10 milliroentgens per day 7. 胶片特性曲线上，过两个特定密度点的直线的斜率叫做： ( C ) A) 曲线的速度 B) 宽容度 C) 平均梯度 D) 密度 The slope of a straight line joining two points of specified densities on a characteristic curve of a film is known as the: A) speed of the curve B) latitude C) average gradient D) density 8. 有些射线管中循环油的作用是： ( D ) A) 润滑运动部件 B) 吸收二次射线 C) 降低需要的高电流 D) 散热 The purpose for circulating oil in some types of X-ray tubes is: A) to lubricate moving parts B) to absorb secondary radiation C) to decrease to need for high current D) to dissipate heat 9. 小焦点射线管比大焦点射线管的好处是： ( B ) A) 发射的射线穿透力大 B) 得到的射线照片清晰度好 C) 得到的射线照片对比度低 D) 得到的底片密度高 An X-ray tube with a small focal spot is considered better than one with a large focal spot when it is desired to obtain: A) greater penetrating power B) better definition C) less contrast D) greater film density 10. 定影液使用一定时间后活度会降低，这是因为： ( C ) A) 起作用的成分蒸发掉 B) 起作用的成分被射线照片吸收掉 C) 定影液里堆积了可溶性银盐 D) 起作用的成分沉淀到槽子底部 The activity of the fixer diminishes after being used for a period of time because: A) the active ingredients evaporate B) the active ingredients are absorbed by the radiograph C) the fixer solution accumulates soluble silver salts D) the active ingredients settle to the bottom of the tank 11. 降低射线照相对比度的一种方法是： ( C ) A) 增大射线源到物体的距离 B) 减小物体到胶片的距离 C) 减小射线的波长 D) 在制造厂推荐的范围内延长显影时间 One method of reducing radiographic contrast is to: A) increase the distance between the radiation source and the object. B) decrease the distance between the object and the film. C) decrease the wavelength of the radiation used. D) increase development time within manufacturers recommendations. 12. 射线额定值为250kVp，该射线管的最高工作电压为： ( A ) A) 250,000伏峰值 B) 250kV有效值 C) 250,000,000伏均方根值 D) 250kV平均值 An X-ray tube is rated for a maximum of 250kVp. This tube may be operated at a maximum of: A) 250,000 volts peak voltage B) 250kV effective voltage C) 250,000,000 volts rms voltage D) 250kV average voltage 13. 一个电压调节器由铁芯变压器组成，变压器只有一个绕组，绕组上有许多插头。这种电 压调节器叫做： ( C ) A) 高压变压器 B) 灯丝变压器 C) 自耦变压器 D) 电源变压器 w w w . b z f x w . c o m A voltage selector consisting of an iron core transformer with a single winding having a series of taps at various points on the winding is called: A) a high-voltage transformer B) a filament transformer C) an autotransformer D) a power transformer 14. 材料阻挡或部分阻挡射线和射线通过的能力叫做： ( C ) A) 穿透 B) 绝对值 C) 吸收 D) 宽容度 The ability of a material to block or partially block the passage of X-rays and gamma rays is referred to as: A) penetration B) absolution C) absorption D) latitude 15. 与低压射线照片相比，高能射线照片： ( B ) A) 对比度较高 B) 宽容度较大 C) 受散射线影响较大 D) 以上都不对 In comparision with lower-voltage radiographs, high-energy radiographs show: A) greater contrast B) greater latitude C) greater amounts of scatter radiation relative to primary beam intensity D) none of the above 16. 射线管窗口放置滤波器的目的是： ( C ) A) 产生二次射线以增强射线束 B) 滤掉短波长射线以获得“较软”的射线 C) 滤掉“软”射线以获得比较单纯的射线束 D) 使射线强度容易调整 Filters used at the port of the X-ray tube: A) intensify the X-ray beam by contributing secondary radiation B) filter short wavelength X-ray beams to provide “softer” radiation C) filter out “soft” radiation to provide a more homogeneous X-ray beam D) provide the most readily adjusted means of modifying X-ray intensity 17. 施加于射线管的电压会影响： ( C ) A) 射线的质 B) 射线的强度 C) A和B都是 D) A和B都不是 The kilovoltage applied to an X-ray tube affects: A) the quality of the beam B) the intensity of the beam C) both A and B above D) neither A nor B above 18. 射线照片的几何不清晰度： ( B ) A) 与物体到胶片的距离成正比，与焦点尺寸成反比 B) 与焦点尺寸成正比，与源到胶片距离成反比 C) 与物体到胶片距离成反比，与源到胶片距离成正比 D) 与焦点尺寸以及物体到胶片距离成反比 The amount of unsharpness or blurring of a radiograph is: A) directly proportional to the object-to-film distance and inversely proportional to the size of the focal spot. B) directly proportional to the size of the focal spot and inversely proportional to the source-to-film distance. C) inversely proportional to the object-to-film distance and directly proportional to the source-to-object distance. D) inversely proportional to the size of the focal spot and the object-to-film distance. 19. 表示密度与相对曝光量对数关系的曲线叫做： ( C ) A) 灵敏度曲线 B) 密度曝光量曲线 C) H和D曲线 D) 射线强度曲线 A curve relating density with the logarithm of exposure or of relative exposure is called: w w w . b z f x w . c o m A) a sensitivity curve B) a density exposure curve C) an H & D curve D) X-ray intensity curve 20. 将射线管置于两个不同位置，对一张胶片进行两次曝光，这样，依据缺陷影像相对于 试样前后表面上固定标记的影像的位移便可计算出缺陷深度，这种方法叫做：( D ) A) 立体射线照相 B) 零射线照相 C) 荧光屏法 D) 平行移动深度定位法 The depth of a discontinuity may be estimated by making two exposures on a single film from two different positions of the X-ray tube. The depth of the discontinuity is computed from the shift in the shadow of the discontinuity with respect to the images of fixed markers on the front and back of the specimen. The method is referred to as: A) stereoradiography B) zero-radiography C) fluoroscopy D) the parallax method of depth location 21. 粗粒射线胶片： ( C ) A) 比细粒射线胶片得到的射线照片清晰度好 B) 比细粒射线胶片的感光速度慢 C) 比细粒射线胶片的感光速度快 D) 比细粒射线胶片需要的曝光时间长 X-ray films with large grain size: A) will produce radiographs with better definition than film with small grain size B) have slower speeds than those with a relatively small grain size C) have higher speeds than those with a relatively small grain size D) will take longer to expose properly than film with relatively small grain size 22. 射线管靶最常用的材料是： ( D ) A) 铜 B) 碳 C) 碳化物 D) 钨 The most commonly used target material in an X-ray tube is: A) copper B) carbon C) carbide D) tungsten 23. 由磁铁和变压器配合，在环形轨道中加速电子的装置叫做： ( C ) A) 静电发生器 B) 直线加速器 C) 回旋加速器 D) 电磁感应型射线管 A device which is basically a combination of magnet and transformer designed to guide and accelerate electrons in a circular orbit to very high energies is called a: A) electrostatic belt generator B) linear accelerator C) betatron D) toroidal electromagnetic-type X-ray tube 24. 应用几何原理的一般法则是： ( D ) A) 在条件允许的情况下，发射射线的焦点尽可能大 B) 射线源与被检材料之间的距离应尽可能小 C) 胶片离被检物体应尽可能远 D) 中心射线应尽可能垂直于胶片平面 A general rule governing the application of the geometric principles of shadow formation states that: A) the X-rays should proceed from as large a focal spot as other considerations will allow B) the distance between the radiation source and the material examined should be as small as practical C) the film should be as far as possible from the object being radiographed D) the central ray should be as nearly perpendicular to the film as possible to preserve spatial relationships 25. 试样对射线的吸收取决于： ( C ) A) 材料的厚度和密度 B) 材料的原子序数 C) A和B D) A和B都不是 The X-ray absorption of a specimen depends on: A) the thickness and density of the material B) the atomic number of the material C) both A and B above D) neither A nor B 26. 公式（毫安时间）（距离）2是： ( D ) A) 用来计算胶片梯度的 B) 倒数定律 w w w . b z f x w . c o m C) 用来计算射线照相对比度的 D) 曝光因子 The formula (milliamperes time)/ (distance)2 is: A) used to calculate film gradient B) the reciprocity law C) used to determine radiographic contrast D) the exposure factor 27. 几何因素不适当，胶片和铅箔屏接触不良以及胶片粒度是造成下列哪种情况的可能原因？( B ) A) 胶片密度过高 B) 清晰度不好 C) 胶片灰雾 D) 胶片密度过低 Improper geometric factors, poor contact between film and lead foil screens, and graininess of film are possible causes of: A) high film density B) poor definition C) fogged film D) low film density 28. 下列哪种因素对射线照片图像密度无显著影响？ ( B ) A) 使用的胶片型号 B) 胶片尺寸 C) 射线源或射线源发射的射线的总量 D) 屏的增感作用 Which of the following factors will not materially influence the image density of a radiograph? A) the type of film used B) the size of the film C) the total amount of radiation emitted by the X-ray or gamma-ray source D) the intensifying action of the screen 29. 胶片在高温和高湿度条件下长时间放于铅屏之间会： ( B ) A) 感光速度增加但质量降低 B) 产生灰雾 C) 产生斑点 D) 在最终射线照片上出现亮的树枝状图像 Films that are left between lead screens too long in a high-temperature and high-humidity atmosphere may: A) show increased speed but decreased quality characteristics B) become fogged C) become mottled D) show tree-shaped light areas in the finished radiograph 30. 胶片的选择取决于： ( D ) A) 零件厚度 B) 零件的材料 C) 射线机的电压范围 D) 以上都是 Film selection for an X-ray exposure depends on: A) thickness of the part B) the material of the specimen C) the voltage range of the X-ray machine D) all of the above 31. 说明射线照片上可以看出的最小细节的尺寸的定性术语是： ( A ) A) 射线照相灵敏度 B) 射线照相清晰度 C) 射线照相对比度 D) 被摄物对比度 A qualitative term often used to indicate the size of the smallest detail which can be seen in a radiograph is: A) radiographic sensitivity B) radiographic definition C) radiographic contrast D) subject contrast 32. 有一次曝光时，源到胶片距离为4英尺，曝光时间60秒，若源到胶片距离变为5英尺，为得 到同样的结果， 曝光时间应变为： ( B ) A) 75秒 B) 94秒 C) 48秒 D) 38秒 If an exposure time of 60 seconds and a source-to-film distance of 4 feet is necessary for a particular exposure what exposure time would be needed for an equivalent exposure if the source-to-film distance is changed to 5 feet? A) 75 seconds B) 94 seconds C) 48seconds D) 38 seconds 33. 一个试样用40kV进行射线照相，如果用50kV曝光，可通过时间增减获得密度相同的射线照 片，在这种情况下，下列哪种说法是正确的？ ( C ) A) 40kV曝光比50kV曝光对比度低，宽容度大 w w w . b z f x w . c o m B) 40kV曝光比50kV曝光对比度高，宽容度大 C) 50kV曝光比40kV曝光对比度低，宽容度大 D) 50kV曝光比40kV曝光对比度高，宽容度大 If a specimen were radiographed at 40kV and again at 50kV with time compensation to give the radiographs the same density, which of the following statements would be true? A) the 40kV exposure would have a lower contrast and a greater latitude than the 50kV exposure B) the 40kV exposure would have a higher contrast and a greater latitude than the 50kV exposure C) the 50kV exposure would have a lower contrast and a greater latitude than the 40kV exposure D) the 50kV exposure would have a higher contrast and a greater latitude than the 40kV exposure 34.射线源中，放射性材料的聚集程度是指： ( A ) A) 源的放射性比活度 B) 源的质量 C) 源的原子量 D) 源的半衰期 The degree of concentration of the radioactive material in a gamma-ray source is referred to as: A) the specific activity of the source B) the quality of the source C) the atomic weight of the source D) the half-life of the source 35. 射线设备上，射线发生器的控制器的作用是： ( B ) A) 保持射线束的方向和宽度 B) 使操作者能得到需要的强度，质量和曝光时间 C) 使操作者能远距离调整焦距 D) 改变交流电流以增大射线的强度 The main purpose of the X-ray generator controls on the equipment is: A) to maintain the direction and width of the X-ray beam B) to enable the operator to obtain the intensity, quality, and duration of exposure desired C) to allow the operator to adjust Film Focal Distance remotely D) to change alternating current to increase X-ray intensity 36. 管焊缝射线照片上，焊缝区有一个非常亮的形状不规则的小影像，这个影像可能是由 什么缺陷产生的？ ( C ) A) 气孔 B) 夹渣 C) 钨夹渣 D) 未熔合 On a radiograph of a pipe weld there is a very light irregularly-shaped small image in the weld. This image would most likely be due to the presence of: A) porosity B) slag inclusion C) tungsten inclusion D) inadequate buildup 37. 钴59在核反应堆中变为钴60时，吸收： ( B ) A) 一个电子 B) 一个中子 C) 一个质子 D) 污染 Cobalt-59 becomes cobalt-60 when it is placed in a nuclear reactor where it captures: A) an electron B) a neutron C) a proton D) contamination 38. 显影液是: ( B ) A) 酸性的 B) 碱性的 C) 盐 D) 胶体 The developer solution is: A) acid B) alkaline C) saline D) colloidal 39. 10居里钴60源衰减到5/2居里大约需要多长时间： ( C ) A) 5.3天 B) 5.3年 C) 10.6年 D) 以上都不对 Approximately how long would it take for a 10 curies cobalt-60 source to decay to 5/2 curies? A) 5.3 days B) 5.3 years C) 10.6 years D) none of the above 40. 依据定义，宽容度大的胶片： ( B ) A) 清晰度不好 B) 对比度低 C) 速度高 D) 以上都不是 An X-ray film having wide latitude also has, by definition: A) poor definition B) low contrast C) high speed D) none of the above 41. 计算几何不清晰度Ug的公式是： ( D ) A) Ug=f/td B) f=Ugt/d D) Ug=dt/f D) Ug=ft/d 式中：d源到物体的距离 t物体到胶片的距离 f射线源尺寸 The correct equation for determining geometric unsharpness Ug is: A) Ug=f/td B) f=Ugt/d D) Ug=dt/f D) Ug=ft/d d=source-to-object distance t=object-to-film distance f=size of radiation source 42. 特性曲线的斜率用来度量： ( D ) A) 被摄物对比度 B) 射线照相清晰度 D) 射线照相对比度 D) 胶片对比度 The slope (steepness) of a characteristic curve is a measure of: A) subject contrast B) radiographic definition C) radiographic contrast D) film contrast 43. 电压超过400kV时，用铅作防护材料可能存在很大问题，在这种情况下，下列哪种材料最适 合于作为防护材料： ( B ) A) 铝 B) 混凝土 C) 钢 D) 硼 At voltages above 400kV, the use of lead to provide protection may present serious problems. If this should be a serious problem, which of the following materials would most likely be used as a substitute? A) Aluminum B) Concrete C) Steel D) Boron 44. 决定试样对射线吸收量的最重要的因素是： ( C ) A) 试样厚度 B) 试样密度 C) 材料的原子序数 D) 材料的杨氏模量 The most important factor for determining the amount of X-ray absorption of a specimen is the: A) thickness of the specimen B) density of the specimen C) atomic number of the material D) youngs modulus of the material 45. 一张射线照片是用500kV电压拍照的。如果提高电压而使射线能量提高其它条件不变，则：( D ) A) 若使用高速胶片，胶片粒度将显著增大 B) 若使用低速胶片，胶片粒度将显著减小 C) 若使用型胶片，粒度将显著增大 D) 胶片粒度无明显变化 A radiograph is taken at a voltage of 500kV. If the voltage is increased with a resultant increase in the energy of radiation while all other conditions remain the same: A) the graininess of the film will increase significantly if a high-speed film is used B) the graininess of the film will decrease significantly if a low-speed film is used C) the graininess of the film will increase significantly if a class I film is used D) there will be little significant change in the graininess of the film 46. 射线照片和荧光图像之间的基本差别是： ( B ) A) 荧光屏图像比较灵敏 B) 荧光屏图像是正像，射线照片是负像 C) 荧光屏图像比较亮 D) 两者之间无根本差别 A basic difference between a radiograph and a fluoroscopic image is: A) the fluoroscopic image is more sensitive B) the fluoroscopic image is a positive