01ENGLISH LITERATURE---THE OLD AND MEDIVAL PERIOD_PPT英语课件下载.ppt

人教版高中英语 系列优秀课件,old and medieval english literature,outline of british literature,old and medieval english liteature(449-1485) the renaissance period (1485-1660) the p. of revolution and restoration (1660-1700) the p. of enlightenment (1700-1798) the age of romanticism (1798-1832) the victorian agescritical realism (1832-1901) the modern period- modernism (1901- ),old and medieval english literature,the anglo-saxon period (449-1066) the anglo-norman period (1066-1485),historical background,early settlers celts around 700 b.c. three invasions roman invasion invasions by germanic tribes danish invasion,1). process of invasion: early invasion: (in 55 b.c.） julius caesar ，the roman conqueror, who had then just occupied gaul (the present day france),roman invasion,roman invasion,2) final occupation of the islands by rome in 43 a.d. (claudius the emperor) become one of province of roman empire. 3). end of roman occupation: in 410 a.d., all the roman troops went back to the continent and never returned, thus ended the roman occupation in britain.,the historical background,3). influence: 1. with the roman conquest the roman mode of life came across to britain. 2. also, it was during the roman rule that christianity was introduced to britain.,invasions by germanic tribes,time: from the middle of the 5th century to the 11th century origin: three germanic tribes from the northeast of europe: the angles, the saxons and the jutes,social pattern: the later stages of tribal society. some small kingdoms a united kingdom called england (the land of angles) by the 7th century language: the three dialects a single language called anglo-saxon or old english.,what was the original form of literature at that time?,anglo-saxon literature is almost a verse literature in oral form. it could be passed down by word of mouth from generation to generation. its creators for the most part are unknown. it was only given a written form long after its composition.,genres of literature, fiction myths, parables, romances, novels, short stories poetry relies on imagery, figurative language, sound drama made up of dialogue and direction prose news reports, feature articles, essays, editorials, textbooks, historical and biographical works,masterpiece: “the song of beowulf ”,significance setting characters plot theme literary features,significance,the national epic of the english people; passed from mouth to mouth for hundreds of years before written down in the 10th century; the most important and representative work of the old english (the anglo-saxon )literature.,setting,time: the story may take place as early as 400 or 500 a.d. place: it is set in what is now sweden, where a tribe called the geats lived.,setting: beowulfs time and place,europe today,time of beowulf,characters:,beowulf: the hero hrothgar: the king grendel: a monster grendels mother a fire dragon,beowulf,plot,beowulfs fight with the monster grendel in hrothgars hall beowulfs slaying of grendels mother in her lair beowulfs return to his hometown, and his succession to the throne. beowulfs victory in death, fifty years later, over the fire dragon,theme,good & evil heroism & heroic deeds loyalty-faithful /in face of /profits others 北欧神话之贝奥武夫,beowulf (modern english),“waxed neath the welkin, world-honor gained, till all his neighbors oer sea were compelled to bow to his bidding and bring him their tribute” “thus made their mourning the men of geatland, for their heros passing, his hearthcompanions quoth that of all the kings of earth, of men he was the mildest and most beloved, to his kin the kindest, keenest to praise.”,literary features,rhyme : the poem is written in alliterative verse in a line rhetoric : the use of metaphor and of understatement . “ring-giver” is used for king, “hearth-companions” for his attendant warriors, “swans bath”for sea “not troublesome”for very welcome, “need not praise”for a right to condemn (ironical humour),alliterative verse /alliteration,it is the repetition of the initial consonant sounds in poetry. in old english alliterative meter, it is the principal organizing device of the verse line, such as in beowulf. in those poems, each line contained three alliterative words, as can be seen from the above quotation. “god forbid, quoth conscience, woe betide me, if such a wife i wed.”,more examples,last but not least first and foremost (with) might and main (in) weal and woe full of vigor and vitality black and blue safe and sound,the anglo-norman period,danish invasion,from 787,the english began to be troubled by bands of danish vikings. at first they just invaded parts of the country from time to time. gradually they came to make permanent settlement and ruthlessly destroyed many of the monasteries.,who were vikings?,the term viking is customarily used to refer to the norse (scandinavian) explorers, warriors, merchants, and pirates who raided, traded, explored and settled in wide areas of europe and the north atlantic islands from the late 8th to the mid-11th century.,the danes occupied the country in 1013, and held it for 30 years. then england was once more governed by another foreign ruler-the french-speaking normans. the norman conquest,historical background,beginning: norman conquest in 1066 william the duke of normandy important events in the period hundred years war (1337-1453) black death (1348-1349) peasant uprisings (around 1380 a.d.),an island of peoples, languages, and divisions.,latin - church, schools french - court, castle english - commoners,the white tower in london part of williams legacy,chartres cathedral,mature feudal system,literary genre popular in this period,the most prevailing kind of literature in feudal england was the romance. it was a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero .the central character of romances was the knight, a man of noble birth skilled in the use of weapons he was commonly descried as riding forth to seek adventures, taking part in tournaments, or fighting for his lord in battle. he was devoted to the church and the king. the code of manners and morals of a knight is known as chivalry.,romance,the literature for the upper class three romance cycles “matters of britain“ (adventures of king arthur and his knights of the round table) “ matters of france“ (emperor charlemagne and his peers) “matters of rome“ (alexander the great and so forth). “sir gawain and the green knight” (metrical romance),william langlandpiers the plowman the poem sets forth a series of wonderful dreams, through which we can see a picture of feudal england. the ballads the robin hood ballads,the founder of english poetry,geoffrey chaucer (1343-1400) he was born into a wealthy wine merchants family in london. at the age of 19, he served with the english army in france, where he was taken prisoner and later ransomed by the king.,chaucer:,he married in 1366, and pursued a public life, eventually holding jobs as italian diplomat, customs officials and a justice of the peace. he began the canterbury tales in 1373 and was occupied by it on and off for the rest of his life.,literary career: three periods,french period (1359-1372) romaunt of the rose 玫瑰传奇诗集 the book of the duchess 悼公