仁爱英语八年级时态：主谓一致.doc

三主谓一致主谓一致是指一个句子的主语与谓语的语法形式必须在_和_上保持一致。主谓一致必须遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。1.语法一致原则是指主语和谓语从语法形式上的一致，即主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词则用单数，主语为复数，谓语动词用复数。2.意义一致原则是指若主语是单数名词，但表示复数概念，谓语动词则用复数，若主语是复数名词，但表示的是整体概念，谓语动词则用单数。3.就近一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数与最邻近的主语保持人称与数的一致I、语法一致原则1. “不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句”等用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如： The old man _ difficulty in sleeping Reading in the sun _ bad for our eyes2. 复数的名词、代词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如：The students _ having their math class3. bothand连接主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Both Peter and Mike _ from England4. 有些只有复数形式的名词(如glasses，shorts，trousers，jeans，shoes，clothes，gloves等)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Jacks glasses are broken Lindas shoes are black and blue5. 不定代词another，each，either，neither，the other，somebody，someone，something，nobody，everybody，everyone，everything，nothing，anything，anyone，no one等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 如：_everyone here? Something _ wrong with my computer I called you last night，but nobody _ in6. 形容词another，each，every, either，neither+单数名词 及the other+单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如: Every student _ _ for the physics exam.每个学生都在为物理考试做准备 Either ruler _ OK.7. 主语后面跟with，except， as well as，together with，including等词或短语时，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致。如：Mei Mei，with her parents often _ to the park on SundayA teacher，together with some students，_ standing at the gate8. “分数或百分数+名词”作主语或“a lot oflots of，plenty of，most/some/all of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。若名词是单数可数名词或者是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；若名词是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：Two thirds of the work has been finished Most of the books are written in English练习1Everybody except Mike and Linda _ there when the meeting began Ais Bare Cwas Dwere2-What are you going to do this weekend? -I together with my classmates _ going to climb Mount QianAis Bam Care Dwere 3-I called you at 5：00 yesterday afternoon，but no one answered -Sorry, I with my parents_ at that time Awas shopping Bwere shopping Care shopping Dwent shopping4Climbing hills _ good for our health Aare B. is Cwas DwereII、意义一致原则1. 某些名词(如family，class，team，group等)指整体时，属个体名词，有单复数形式，原形即单数，谓语动词用单数形式；当它们指集体中的成员时属集体名词用作复数，谓语动词也用复数形式。 如：His family isnt large His family are fond of watching sports programs2. 还有集体名词people，police与上面一样，形式上是单数，但意义上是复数，因此谓语动词常用复数形式。如：The police are searching for the thief 3. “the+某些形容词”可以表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：The young are energetic4. 表示时间、重量、距离、金钱等的复数名词、词组作主语时，常将其看作一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式。 如：Two months is a long holiday Ten dollars _ enough练习1-Do you need more time to complete the task? -YesAnother ten days _ enoughAis Bwas Care Dwere2Look! The police _ the food onto the bank of the river Aam carrying Bis carrying Care carrying Dare carried3At present, the price of the houses in Urumqi _ than beforeI can afford _a large oneAare cheaper, to buy Bis cheaper, buy Care lower, buy Dis lower, to buyIII. 就近一致原则1. 由not onlybut alsoeitheror，neithernor连接两个并列主语时谓语动词常与靠近它的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如：Neither you nor he _ wrong Not only Jim but also his friends are enjoying the film2. 在there be句型中，如果有两个或两个以上的主语时，动词be的数一般依据就近一致原则，与靠近它的主语(即第一主语)在数上保持一致。如：There _ two plates and a fork There _ an orange and two apples on the plate练习1Neither Tony nor I _ interested in playing Weibo Aam Bis Care Dbe2There_ lots of sheep and pigs on my uncles farm now Awas Bwere Cis Dare3Neither my sister nor I _ been to America before Ahave ever Bhave never Chas ever Dhas never4-_ there any living things on other planets? -I have no ideaMaybe we can know more about that in the futureAIs BAre CHas DHave综合练习 （1）选择（ ）1. -What would you like, coffee or tea? Either _ OK. I dont mind. A. is B. are C. was （ ）2. His family _ a large one, and now the whole family _ having dinner. A. is, is B. is, are C. are, are D. are, is （ ）3. Everyone except Tom and John _ there when the meeting began. A. are B. is C. were D. was （ ）4. How much _ the shoes? Five dollars _ enough. A. is, is B. are, is C. were, are D. is, are （ ）5. This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I _ good at drawing. A. is B. am C. are D. be （ ）6. Almost every family in the village _ a garden at their back yards. A. have B. has C. are D. is （ ）7. The old about 60 _ take buses for free in China. A. is able to B. are able to C. am able to D. be able to （ ）8. Either he or I _ going to meeting next week. A. is B. am C. are （ ）9. One of the players _ America. A. were from B. come from C. comes from （2）填空1. The number of the visitors _(be) more than one hundred.2. All of the news _ exciting today. So all of us _. 今天所有的消息都很令人振奋。因此我们所有人都感到兴奋不已。3. The police _ for the missing boy. 警察正在寻找那个丢失的男孩。4. My family _ sports. 我全家都喜欢体育运动。5. Our class _ a good class. 我们班是个优秀的班级。 6. The young always _ to work hard to make a good future. 年轻人总是必须努力来创造一个美好的未来。 7. What he said _ true. (be) 翻译下列句子1. 不仅我们而且Mary也知道这个秘密。Not only I _ _ Mary _ the secret. 2. 书桌上的那些书是我的。_ _ on the desk _ mine. 3. 我们班有一些学生害怕物理。但他们中没有一个想要放弃学习物理。Some of the students in our class _ afraid of _