石油英语初级教程重点句子翻译.doc

大学英语（4-4）（石油英语初级教程）重点句Unit 1 Introduction to PetroleumText A1) Modern-day scientists have proven that most if not all petroleum fields were created by the remains of small animal and plant life being compressed on the sea bed by billions of tons of silt and sand several million years ago. (Para. 1)现代科学家已证明，大部分油田，即使不是全部，是由小的海洋动植物的残骸在几百万年前受到数十亿吨的泥沙挤压在海底形成的。2) During the decomposition process tiny bacteria will clean the remains of certain chemicals such as phosphorus, nitrogen and oxygen. (Para. 2)During the process of decay, the bacteria will remove certain chemicals from the remains of small animals and plant life.在分解过程中，微小的细菌将会除去这些遗体中诸如磷、氮、氧等化学物质。3) The AOF theory has been championed for a number of reasons, but many current proponents point to the presence of methane on the comets, meteors, and other lifeless planets as evidence that organic material is not needed to produce petroleum. (Para. 6)champion: support and defend 石油无机成因理论之所以得到拥护，有很多原因，但很多当代支持者指出，在彗星、流星和其它无生命特征的星球上有甲烷存在。他们以此作为证据，证明在石油的产生过程中并不需要有机物。4) It is possible to speculate, make predictions and test those predictions to gain evidence to support or reject a given theory, but it is not possible to be as certain about the formation of oil as we are about something like ice, which we can directly observe. (Para. 7)为支持或反对某一给定理论，人们会进行推测、做出预言并加以验证，但对于石油的形成过程，人们却不能像对冰的形成一样肯定，因为后者是可以进行直接观测的。5) Most scientists believe the evidence comes down decidedly on the side of oil forming from deceased organic matter. (Para. 8)Most scientists believe that the evidence undoubtedly supports oil forming from dead organic matter.大多数科学家认为，证据明确地支持石油是由有机物死后形成的这一方。6) They also suggest that claims about the chemical nature of oil are spurious because we do not know what processes occur in the Earth that may cause oil to look as though it came from an organic source when it did not. (Para. 9)他们还认为，关于石油的（有机）化学属性的说法是不正确的，因为我们不知道在地球深处到底发生了什么，使石油看起来好像是来自于有机物质，实则不然。7) The second reason many scientists doubt the abiotic theory is that its basic tenets dont seem to be viable. (Para. 12)The second reason many scientists dont accept the abiotic theory is that its theoretical foundations seem to be contrary to scientific research.第二，很多科学家质疑，无机说的理论基础似乎站不住脚。8) In scientific terms, the mass balance of the equation is errant. (Para. 13)In scientific terms, it runs counter to the principle of mass balance in chemical equation.换成科学术语，这不符合化学方程式中的质量平衡（即不符合质量守恒定律）。9) In the end, science will settle the debate, but what science gets funded is directly related to which politicians are in power and who is footing the bill.At last, science will cope with the argument, but the two factors, which politicians are in power and who provides the money, decide what science will get the financial support. 最终，科学研究将会解决这一争议，然而，哪些科学能得到资金，与哪些政治家执政及哪些人买单直接相关。Text B1) But given the locations of the remaining oil, getting the next trillion is likely to cost a lot more than the previous trillion. (Para. 2)The cost of tapping another trillion oil that lie underground is much higher than that of previous one because of their locations. 鉴于剩余石油的分布位置，获取剩余的1万亿桶石油将比以前付出高昂的代价。2) Nor do King and his co-author James Murray , hold out much hope for future discoveries. (Para. 3)Neither King nor James Murray hold much hope for future discoveries. 金和他的合著者詹姆斯默里， 都对未来的发现不抱多少希望。 3) Global economic growth itself may be impossible without a concurrent growth in energy supply. We need to decouple economic growth from fossil-fuel dependence. (Para. 11)如果没有能源供应的增长与之同步，全球经济就其本身而言是不可能的。我们需要减弱经济增长对化石燃料的依赖。4) If King and Murray are correct about 2005 marking the end of easily extracted oil, however, then Smils additional having of demand, plus conservation and a rapid deployment of alternative energy, would be required to avoid even more economically painful oil price shocks in the future. (Para. 8)然而，如果King和Murray关于“2005年标志着石油易采时代终结”的说法正确的话，那么，要想在未来避免石油高价给经济带来更为严重的打击，就必须实现Smil所倡导的需求再次减半，同时增加石油储备并加快对替代能源的开发和利用。ExercisesIII Translation Task 1 English into Chinese 1. 人们可以进行推测、做出预言并加以验证，以便获得证据来支持或反对某个理论，但是，对于石油的形成过程却不可能像对冰的形成过程一样确定，因为后者是可以进行直接观测的。2. 当油价达到或高于每桶100美元，全球经济将会遭到沉重打击导致经济下滑并阻碍其复苏。3. 假如King和Murray关于易采时代将石油于2005年终结的预言正确的话，那么，要想在未来避免因为石油高价而带来的经济衰退，就必须实现史密尔所倡导的需求再次减半，同时实行节能并加快对替代能源的开发和利用。4. 石油在没有经过炼化的情况下也通常叫做原油，它包含几种化合物，其中含量最高的是碳氢化合物，这使得石油具有了可燃性。5. 用来描述石油的“轻”和“重”这两个概念可能有误导性。实际上，这两个概念不是指石油的重量，而是指石油的密度，轻质原油比重质原油密度要小。Task 2 Chinese into EnglishAs oil becomes increasingly difficult to find, the search for it is extended into more-hostile environments. The development of the oil field on the North Slope of Alaska and the construction of the Alaska pipeline are examples of the great expense and difficulty involved in new oil discoveries. Offshore drilling platforms extend the search for oil to the oceans continental shelves. More than one-quarter of the worlds oil and almost one-fifth of the worlds natural gas come from offshore, even though offshore drilling is six to seven times more expensive than drilling on land. Unit 2 Petroleum IndustryText A1) The upstream petroleum sector includes all petroleum exploration and extraction activities, such as exploration, development and processing which take place prior to the shipment of stabilized crude oil, condensate or sales gas (including liquefied natural gas (LNG). (Para. 4)石油工业的上游部门包括所有石油勘探和开采活动，即石油作为稳定原油、凝析气、商业用气（包括液化气）被输运之前的勘查、开发和生产活动。2) The step of exploratory drilling cannot be skipped because without actually digging down and collecting physical samples, even the most advanced seismic surveys yield incomplete or potentially false information. (Para. 8，课后翻译1)勘探钻井是必不可少的，如果没有地层钻探和实体样本收集，即使是最先进的地震勘探采集到的信息也是不完整的或可能是错误的信息。 3) Often times the exploratory drilling must be done in underwater conditions. This makes the task more challenging, expensive, and time consuming. or potentially false information. (Para. 8)很多时候探井钻探必须在水中进行。这使得钻探任务更加具有挑战性，更昂贵，更耗时。勘探钻井是必不可少的，如果没有地层钻探和实体样品收集，即使是最先进的地震勘探采集到的信息也是不完整的或可能是错误信息。4) Many oil companies feature a vertically integrated approach to upstream, midstream, and downstream, making overlap common. (Para. 9)很多石油公司以纵向整合方式涉及上游、中游和下游产业，使得重叠交叉现象更为常见。5) Using better forecasting analytics, the sector will benefit by anticipating demand and delivering customized crude blends and dynamic storage options to end-users. (Para. 16)利用更好的预测分析方法，这些产业可以通过预测需求、运输定制的原油混合物、以及为最终用户提供动态储存方案来获益。6) Within the midstream sector, midstream majors are strongly placed to ride this growth cycle better than are small and medium-sized companies due to their financing prowess, presence across the value chain, and what is the most important, growing dominance in new and emerging shale plays. (Para. 17，课后翻译2)在中游行业领域内，相比起中小型企业，大型公司更能带动这一领域的发展，这源于其雄厚的资金实力、在整个价值链中的位置，以及最更重要的，它们在新兴页岩油气藏领域的主导地位。 7) The classical way of operating the refinery takes into account the wide variation in price and the seasonality of consumption for the products. (Para. 25) 运营炼油厂的传统方法需要考虑价格和产品的季节性消费等因素。 Text B1) Besides water, theres no liquid that humans rely on more than petroleum. It fuels out vehicles, heats our homes, paves our roads and fills our shopping shelves with innumerable consumer products. (Para. 1)石油是人类除水之外使用最多的液体。它为交通工具提供燃料，帮助加热室内空气，为铺路提供材料，是许多消费产品的原材料。2) However, in 1919, kerosene production was surpassed by that of gasoline, another derivative of petroleum. The fortunes of the petroleum industry have since been propelled largely by the popularity of the automobile. Almost 90 percent of transportation energy comes from petroleum-derived fuels. (Para. 9)然而，1919年，柴油产品被汽油所超越，它是另一石油衍生物。石油的另一衍生品柴油的产量超过煤油。此后，石油工业的命运很大程度上被汽车的普及所驱使。几乎90%的用于交通运输的能源来自石油衍生燃料。3) Petroleum is not a single molecule but a mix of thousands of molecules, the most important of which are hydrocarbons. These are chains or rings of carbons atoms surrounded by hydrogen atoms. (Para. 10) 石油并非是一种单一分子，而是由数千上万种分子组成的，其中最重要的成分碳氢化合物，即围绕在氢原子周围的链状或环状碳原子。4) For all its usefulness, there is a strong desire to limit our dependence on petroleum. It has a destabilizing influence on global politics, as well as a destabilizing influence on the global climate through the associated carbon dioxide emissions. (Para. 19)尽管石油用途繁多，我们还是迫切的希望能够减少我们对石油的依赖。对于世界政治而言，石油是一种不稳定因素，同样它也通过给全球气候（相关的二氧化碳排放量）带来了不稳定影响。ExercisesIII Translation (P30-31)Task 1 Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. 勘探钻井是必不可少的，如果没有地层钻探和实体样品收集，即使是最先进的地震勘探采集到的信息也是不完整的或可能是错误信息。2. 在中游行业领域内，相比起中小型企业，中游产业的大型企业更能带动这一领域的发展，这源于其更雄厚的资金实力，在整个价值链中的位置，以及最重要的是，它们在新兴页岩油气藏中主导地位的日益凸显。 （Notes: shale plays, favorable exploration area for shale oil and gas, 页岩油气藏。）3. 汽油是分子中大致有6到11个碳原子的混合物。其中，带有7个碳原子的庚烷会引起发动机爆震，因此炼油厂会尽量混用一些燃烧更稳定的带有8个碳原子的辛烷。4. 尽管石油非常实用，我们还是迫切的希望能够摆脱对石油的依赖。对于世界政治而言，石油是一种不稳定因素，同样它也给全球气候（相关的二氧化碳排放量）带来了不稳定影响。5. “中游产业的公司很幸运，由于大量资本的注入”，门罗称，“它们的资本运作更为高效，而因为它们是生产型公司，其产品在加拿大的价格与国际市场价格相比存在溢价（其产品交易在加拿大市场属于溢价交易）”。III Translation Task 2 (P31-32)It may seem an easy job to drill holes in the land areas of the earth，but even an exploratory well may be over 3,000 meters deep! The drillers may have to drill through very hard rock，and when they have drilled part of the well they will probably have to take all the drill pipe out to change the drilling bit at the lower end. It is the bit which eats through the rock and although it is very sharp and has 132 cutting edges，it quickly wears out. Then，after drilling 3,000 meters，they may find nothing! Or, if they strike oil，it may gush out so powerfully that workers are injured and equipment damaged. The petroleum which comes out of the ground cannot really be used for anything. It must first be refined. Refineries are huge “factories” where crude oil is separated into “fractions” which are commonly known as gasoline，kerosene，diesel oil，lubricating oil and fuel oil. Then these fractions must be distributed by pipeline or tanker to the final distributors, such as filling stations (for gasoline and diesel oil)，which sell it to the ultimate users.Unit 3 Regional Development of Petroleum IndustryText A1) The supply, production and consumption of petroleum influence national economies, and have a bearing on global politics and international relationships. (Para. 1)石油的供应、开采和消费影响着国民经济，也影响着全球政治和国际关系。2) The global oil market opened up, ending an 80-year period when the biggest concern was diversity of sources. (Para. 3)全球石油市场的开放消除了80年来世界对能源多样性的顾虑。3) Safety and certainty in oil lie in variety and variety alone. (Para. 6) 石油的安全性与确定性取决于，而且只取决于供应渠道的多样化。 4) The expansion of global oil production has been accompanied by oil market consolidation. Oil contracts are traded in liquid commodity market that create uniform oil prices around the world. Due to these changes, price differences in oil only reflect actual substantive differences in quality or transportation costs. (Para.8，翻译练习1)全球石油产量的增长一直伴随着石油市场的整合。石油以期货方式在液体商品市场进行交易，而正是在这里形成了全球的统一价格。由于这些变化，油价的差异只体现在质量和运输成本的实质性差别上。5) America would no longer be held hostage to supply shocks that could cut off our access to oil. (Para. 9)美国不再为那些意欲切断石油供应的冲击所左右。6) The best way to ensure that oil is no longer strategically important may be to promote alternative forms of transportation. A sufficiently large fleet of electric or biofuel-based cars would reduce the influence oil has on transportation. Such changes could enhance energy security far more effectively, though less dramatically. (Para. 14, 翻译练习2)确保石油不再具有战略重要性的最佳办法或许是促进新型交通工具的发展。大量使用电动车或生物燃料汽车将会减少石油对交通的影响，这些变化将会极为有效地提高能源安全性，虽然未必是显著地提高。7) While it is important to keep this in perspective, China has had one of the sharpest increases in energy demand globally during the past two decades. (Para. 14)然而正确地看待这一现象很重要，即在过去的20年里，中国是世界上能源需求增长最快的国家之一。8) But Africa remains largely unexplored and may well be the location of significant future oil and gas discoveries. (Para. 17)但非洲大部分地区仍未被开发，未来有可能成为重要的石油和天然气产地。Text B1) Should that period turn out to be short, the resulting negative effect will be rather limited; otherwise, oil output in this country may drop, thus bringing down government revenue. (Para. 1)若制裁持续的时间短，所造成的不利影响将极其有限；反之，俄罗斯的石油产量将会下降，并使政府收入降低。2) Many of the currently exploited oil fields have entered the phase of declining output, while the new oil fields in a majority of cases have less beneficial mining, geological and geographical parameters, and so their development will be associated with higher capital, production and transport costs. (Para. 2)目前许多已开采的油田已进入了产量衰退期，而大多数新油田的开采、地质、地理条件较为不利，其发展意味着需要更多的资金及更高的生产和运输成本。3) In order to level down the negative effect of declining oil extraction in the currently exploited oil fields, it is necessary to put in operation other oil fields situated in regions where the local infrastructure is underdeveloped or is altogether absent, including continental shelf deposits, as well as to begin the extraction of available lower-quality oil reserves in the already developed regions, including the less easily recoverable oil reserves. (Para. 2)为了降低当前油田产量下降的不利影响，有必要使其它油田投入生产，而这些油田位于基础设施欠发达或完全缺乏的地区，包括大陆架矿床；还需要在现有区域开采那些质量较差的油藏，包括那些不易开采的油藏。4) As the prices of crude oil and petroleum products in Russias domestic market are set as netback prices, equal to the international price of a product less the amount of export customs duty and export freight costs, the behavior of producer prices for crude oil and petroleum products reflects the behavior of their international prices. (Para. 6)因为俄罗斯国内市场原油和石油产品是按照出厂价来定价的，等同于国际油价减去出口关税和运费，因此原油和石油产品出厂价的变化反映了国际油价的变化。5) The sanctions involve restrictions on the access of Russias leading oil and gas sector companies to the financial markets in these countries, as well as restrictions on supplies of certain types of equipment and technologies to Russia and on services relating to research and exploration of deep sea and Arctic oil fields, and shale oil extraction. (Para. 7)制裁包括: 限制俄罗斯石油天然气领域的领头公司进入这些国家的金融市场；限制向俄提供某些设备和技术；限制向俄提供深海钻井、北极圈石油勘探及页岩油开发方面的服务。ExercisesTask 1 English into Chinese 1、全球石油产量的增长一直伴随着石油市场的整合。石油合同在液体商品市场进行交易，而正是这里，创造了世界的统一油价。由于这些变化，石油价格的差异只体现在质量或运输成本的实质性差别上。2、确保石油不再处于战略性重要地位的最有效方法可能是发展多元化的交通方式。使用大量以电力或者生物能源为动力的汽车可以降低石油对交通的影响。这些转变能非常有效地提高能源安全，虽然看起来并不显眼。3、目前许多已开发的油田进入了产量衰退期，然而大部分新开发的油田开发条件欠佳，地质、地理条件不成 熟，因此这些新油田将会面临资金投入高、产量高和运输成本高的问题。4、制裁包括，限制俄罗斯主要石油、天然气公司进入这些国家的金融市场；限制向俄供应指定的装备和技术；限制向俄提供深海及北极地区油田相关研究和探测服务以及页岩油开采方面的服务。5、值得一提的是，该地区油气资源所带来的的效益通过各种方式惠及各个国家和地区。这些方式包括汇款、贸易、投资、直接援助和提供就业机会等。Task 2 Chinese into EnglishMany scientists believe that crude oil is formed by the decomposed remains of billions of tiny plants and animals which lived in the sea hundreds of millions of years ago. When these organisms died, they decayed and over millions of years, layers of slime were formed on the ocean bed; with the pressure of movements in the earths crust and the heat this pressure caused, these layers were converted into petroleum. The list of crude oil fractions (things which make up the mixture called crude oil) and by-products is nearly endless: petrol for cars, diesel oil for trains, buses and lorries, aviation fuels, lubricating oils for all engines, heavy oil for power stations and ships, asphalt for roads, petrochemicals for plastics, synthetic fibers and even for synthetic food products, etc. the first oil from the sea was produced some decades ago by the off-shore drilling rigs. But men are now also drilling the cold, deep North Sea (deep-sea drilling). Unit 4 Petroleum Company And Organization Text A1) Because these national champions control as much as 90% of the worlds oil and gas, they can do far more than the likes of Exxon to assuage the current worries about supply and influence the accompanying record prices. But like most state-owned firms, they are prone to over-staffing, underinvestment, political interference and corruption. (Para. 1)由于这些国有巨头们控制了世界上大约90的石油和天然气，因此它们能比埃克森之类的公司更易于缓和目前对石油供应的担心，并影响随之而来的价格新高。但是和大多数国有公司一样，它们也都可能有各种弊端：人员过剩，投资不足，政治干涉以及腐败现象。2) It is now running the resulting joint ventures presumably no better than it runs its original fields. (Para. 3）合作后的国家石油公司现在经营了许多合资公司大概并不会比它原先经营的领域好到哪儿去。3) New oil is most likely to be found in the NOCs territory, precisely because it is largely out of bounds to multinationals such as Exxon and BP, and so has not yet been thoroughly raked over. (Para. 4)由于国家石油公司的领土很大程度上不受像埃克森美孚公司和英国石油公司这样的跨国公司的控制，故这些区域还没有被完全开发，因而在国有石油公司的领土上最有可能发现新的油田。4) Saudi Aramco has not released enough data to quash a theory that its oil reserves are not nearly as large as it contends, and that its output may have peaked. (Para. 6)有一种理论认为沙特国家石油公司（译注：也叫沙特阿美，全称Arabian-American Oil Company）的实际石油储备量并没有其声称的那样多，而且其产量有可能已经达到了顶峰，但是沙特石油公司未能提供足够的数据来反驳该理论。5) Any government that relies on oil in general, and a state-run oil firm in particular, for the majority of its income, is likely to skimp on investment when the oil price falls, because it is more politically palatable to slash drilling programmes and seismic survey than civil servants salaries and hospital budgets. (Para. 7)任何总体上依赖石油，特别是依赖国有石油公司,获得大部分收入的政府，在石油价格下跌的时候都会倾向于缩减投资，因为相对于削减公务员的薪水和医院预算来说，大量减少钻探项目和地质调查在政治上更易于接受。6) Most countries with national firms used their oil wealth to develop the authority of the state, rather than the other way around. So NOCs sprang up before their countries had institutions strong enough to regulate them, or to manage the money they generate a recipe for inefficiency and corruption. (Para. 8)大部分有国有公司的国家都是利用石油财富来巩固国家的权威，而不是恰好相反。因此，国有石油公司快速发展，直到国家有足够健全的制度来约束它们，或者来管理它们创造的财富，而这（公司迅速发展）正是造成低效和腐败的原因。7) By contrast, Sonatrach took over foreign oil firms assets in Algeria much more abruptly and acrimoniously, following a long and bitterly fought war of independence. (Para. 10)相比之下，阿尔及利亚国家石油公司Sonatrach则以一种更加生硬刻薄的方式接管了外国石油公司的财产，接下来又为获得自主权利进行了漫长而艰苦的抗争。8) The Saudi government, for example, lets Aramco set its own prices, unlike Kuwaits, which