英语翻译孔子简介及“孔子名言”.doc

英语翻译“孔子名言语录”24句（中英对照）性相近也，习相远也。By nature, men are nearly alike; by practice, they get to be wide apart.过而不改，是谓过矣。Not to mend the fault one has made is to err indeed.己所不欲，勿施于人。What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others.言必信，行必果。Keep what you say and carry out what you do.君子以文会友，以友辅仁。The superior man on grounds of culture meets with his friends, and by their friendship helps his virtue.三军可夺师也，匹夫不可夺志也。The commander of the forces of a large State may be carried off, but the will of even a common man cannot be taken from him.后生可畏，焉知来者之不如今也？A youth is to be regarded with respect. How do you know that his future will not be equal to our present?有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters?人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？Is he not a man of complete virtue, who feels no discomposure though men may take no note of him?父在，观其志。父没，观其行。三年无改于父之道，可谓孝矣。While a mans father is alive, look at the bent of his will; when his father is dead, look at his conduct. If for three years he does not alter from the way of his father, he may be called filial.不患人之不己知，患不知人也。I will not be afflicted at mens not knowing me; I will be afflicted that I do not know men.诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。In the Book of Poetry are three hundred pieces, but the design of them all may be embraced in one sentence- Having no depraved thoughts.关睢乐而不淫，哀而不伤。The Kwan Tsu is expressive of enjoyment without being licentious, and of grief without being hurtfully excessive.父母在，不远游，游必有方。While his parents are alive, the son may not go abroad to a distance. If he does go abroad, he must have a fixed place to which he goes.Confucius , literally Master Kong,1 (traditionally 28 September 551 BC 479 BC)2 was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher of the Spring and Autumn Period.The philosophy of Confucius emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. These values gained prominence in China over other doctrines, such as Legalism (法家) or Taoism (道家) during the Han Dynasty345 (206 BC AD 220). Confucius thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism (儒家). Analects of Confucius (論語)Five Classics (五經)Classic of Rites (禮記) (editor), and the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋) (author).In the Analects (論語), Confucius presents himself as a transmitter who invented nothing.6 He puts the greatest emphasis on the importance of study,1819 and it is the Chinese character for study (or learning) that opens the text. In this respect, he is seen by Chinese people as the Greatest Master.20 Far from trying to build a systematic theory of life and society or establish a formalism of rites, he wanted his disciples to think deeply for themselves and relentlessly study the outside world,21 mostly through the old scriptures and by relating the moral problems of the present to past political events (like the Annals) or past expressions of feelings by common people and reflective members of the elite, preserved in the poems of the Book of Odes (詩經).Confucianism is a Chinese ethical and philosophical system developed from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius (Kng Fz, or Kung-fu-tzu, lit. Master Kong, 551478 BC). Confucianism originated as an ethical-sociopolitical teaching during the Spring and Autumn Period, but later developed metaphysical and cosmological elements in the Han Dynasty.1 Following the abandonment of Legalism in China after the Qin Dynasty, Confucianism became the official state ideology of China, until it was replaced by the Three Principles of the People ideology with the establishment of the Republic of China, and then Maoist Communism after the ROC was replaced by the Peoples Republic of China in Mainland China.The core of Confucianism is humanism,2 the belief that human beings are teachable, improvable and perfectible through personal and communal endeavour especially including self-cultivation and self-creation. Confucianism focuses on the cultivation of virtue and maintenance of ethics, the most basic of which are ren, yi, and li.3 Ren is an obligation of altruism and humaneness for other individuals within a community, yi is the upholding of righteousness and the moral disposition to do good, and li is a system of norms and propriety that determines how a person should properly act within a community.3 Confucianism holds that one should give up ones life, if necessary, either passively or actively, for the sake of upholding the cardinal moral values of ren and yi.4 Confucianism is humanistic2 and non-theistic, and does not involve a belief in the supernatural or in a personal god.5Cultures and countries strongly influenced by Confucianism include mainland China, Taiwan, Korea, Japan and Vietnam, as well as various territories settled predominantly by Chinese people, such as Singapore. Although Confucian ideas prevail in thes