英语单词—分类词汇之商业类归纳.doc

commerce,trade,trading贸易inland trade,home trade,domestic trade,internal trade,interior trade国内贸易international trade国际贸易foreign trade,external trade对外贸易,外贸terms of trade贸易条件free-trade area自由贸易区import,importation进口importer进口商export,exportation出口exporter出口商commercial channels商业渠道customs海关customs duty关税quota配额,限额item项目,细目commercial transaction买卖,交易manufacturer制造商,制造厂middleman中间商,经纪人dealer经销商wholesaler批发商retailer零售商tradesman零售商merchant商人 (英)批发商,(美)零售商concessionaire,licensed dealer受让人,特许权获得者consumer消费者,用户client,customer顾客,客户buyer买主,买方stocks存货,库存量purchase购买,进货sale销售bulk sale整批销售,趸售wholesale批发retail trade零售业cash sale现货hire-purchase分期付款购买 (美作:installment plan)competition竞争competitor竞争者competitive竞争的unfair competition不合理竞争dumping profit margin倾销差价,倾销幅度trademark商标registered trademark注册商标registered office,head office总公司, 总店, 总部home market国内市场open market公开市场black market黑市marketing销售学,销售业务,市场调查consumption消费demand需求outlet销路offer报盘,发价monopoly垄断foresight,forecast猜测budget预算plan计划planning计划编制programme计划,方案 (美作:program)estimation,estimate,valuation估价accountant会计师bookkeeping簿记bookkeeper簿记师double-entry bookkeeping复式簿记single-entry bookkeeping单式簿记account book帐簿,会计簿册cashbook现金出纳簿journal日记簿statement of accounts帐目表,帐单balance (sheet)资产平稳表financial year,trading year财政年度income and expenditure,receipts and expenditure,output and input支出和收入assets资产liabilities债务,负债debit借方turnover,volume of business营业额,销售额cash on hand留存现金,库存现金cash balance现金余额,现款结存credit balance贷方余额debit balance借方余额,借方差额deficit亏空balance of trade贸易差额,国际贸易平衡balance of payments(国际)收支,国际收支差额表cost price成本价factory price,manufacturers price出厂价net price净价,实价price free on board船上交货价purchase price买价,进货价格sale price卖价,销售价格wholesale price批发价retail price零售价fixed price固定价格guaranteed price保证价格cash price现贷价格,现金价格market price市场价preferential price优惠价piece price,unit price单位价格,单价price control物价管制,价格控制maximum price,ceiling price最高价minimum price最低价prime cost,first cost,first price,initial cost,initial price最初成本price freeze价格冻结price fixing限价,限定价格price index物价指数price fall价格下降rise in price价格上涨on a lump-sum basis一次(整笔)总付的方法all-inclusive总括sum总数,全额amount总数,总值bill汇票 (美作:check)bill of exchange汇票promissory note本票,期票pro forma invoice估价单,估价发票voucher凭单,收据receipt收据advance (payment)预付(款项)cash payment现金支付,付现deferred payment,payment by instalments延期付款cash on delivery交货付现,货到付款down payment预付定金monthly payment月度付款payment in kind以实物付款payment in specie以其真正形式付款refund,repayment归还,调换证券payment in arrears,outstanding payment拖欠款项remuneration报酬,补偿compensation赔偿,补偿time hull insurance船舶定期保险marine insurance海损保险maritime transportation insurance海洋运输保险fire insurance火险cargo insurance货物保险compulsory insurance强制保险life insurance人寿保险insurance policy保险单expiration of policy保险单满期general policy condition保险单一般规定insurance premium保险费initial premium初期保险费in-full premium全部保险费insurance company保险公司sum insured保险金额policy-holder保险客户branch of insurance保险类别insurer,underwriter保险人;保险商termination of risk保险责任终止coverage保险总额insured,assured被保险人survey查勘reinsurance分保recheck核average海损particular average单独海损general average共同海损cargo damage survey货损检验obligation of compensation for loss赔偿的义务loss ratio赔付率indemnity赔款indemnity损害赔偿claim索赔time limit for filing claims索赔时限notice of loss损害通知书to renew续保null and void宣告无效deposit premium预付保险费reinsurance再保险natural losses自然损耗natural calamities自然灾难duty税taxation征税, 纳税taxation system税制fiscal charges财务税收value added tax增值税progressive taxation累进税制graduated tax累进税income tax所得税land tax地租, 地价税excise tax特许权税basis of assessment估税标准taxable income须纳税的收入taxation system税制fiscality检查tax-free免税的tax exemption免税taxpayer纳税人tax collector收税员afghani阿富汗尼(阿富汗)baht铢(泰国)balboa巴波亚(巴拿马)birr比尔(埃塞俄比亚)bolivar玻利瓦(委内瑞拉)cedi塞迪(加纳)CFAF非洲金融共同体法郎colon科朗(哥斯达黎加、萨尔瓦多)cordoba科多巴(尼加拉瓜)cruzeiro克鲁塞罗(巴西)dalasi达拉西(冈比亚)dinar第纳尔(部分阿拉伯国家、南斯拉夫等）dirham迪拉姆(阿联酋、摩洛哥）dobra多布拉(圣多美和普林西比)dollar元(美国、澳大利亚、加拿大、新西兰等)dong盾(越南)drachma德拉克马(希腊)EC dollar东加勒比元(多米尼加联邦等)escudo埃斯库多(葡萄牙等)florin盾(荷兰)forint福林(匈牙利)franc法郎(法国、比利时、瑞士等)gourde古德(海地)guarani瓜拉尼(巴拉圭)guilder盾(苏里南)gulden盾(荷兰)kina基那(巴布亚新几内亚)kip基普(老挝)koruna克朗(捷克等)krona克朗(瑞典等)krone克朗(丹麦、挪威)kwacha克瓦查(赞比亚等)kwanza宽札(安哥拉)kyat元(缅甸)leone利昂(塞拉利昂)leu列伊(罗马尼亚)lek列克(阿尔巴尼亚)lempira伦皮拉(洪都拉斯)lev列弗(保加利亚)lilangeni里兰吉尼(斯威士兰)lira里拉(意大利等)loti洛蒂(莱索托)mark马克(德国)markka马克(芬兰)metical梅蒂尔卡(莫桑比克)naira奈拉(尼日利亚)ngultrum努扎姆(不丹)ouguiya乌吉亚(毛里塔尼亚)paanga潘加(汤加)peseta比塞塔(西班牙)peseta西班牙比塞塔(安道尔)peso比索(阿根廷、智利等)pound镑(英国、爱尔兰等)pound sterling英镑(基里巴斯)pula普拉(博茨瓦纳)quetzal格查尔(危地马拉)rand兰特(南非)rial里亚尔(伊朗等)riel瑞尔(柬埔寨)riyal里亚尔(沙特阿拉伯等)rouble卢布(俄罗斯等)rufiyaa拉菲亚(马尔代夫)rupee卢比(印度、巴基斯坦等)rupiah卢比,盾(印度尼西亚)shekel谢克尔(以色列)schilling先令(奥地利)shilling先令(坦桑尼亚等)sol索尔(秘鲁)South African rand南非兰特(纳米比亚)sucre苏克雷(厄瓜多尔)Swiss franc瑞士法郎(列支敦士登)taka塔卡(孟加拉国)tala塔拉(西萨摩亚)tugrik图格里克(蒙古)won元(朝鲜、韩国)yen元(日本)yuan元(中国)vatu瓦图