备战高考英语阅读的具体做法高分解析.ppt

,关注高考命题方向，备战 2010英语高考,关注高考命题方向，备战 2010英语高考,（三）阅读理解,得阅读者得天下！,要求考生读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等。考生应能： 理解主旨要意； 理解具体信息； 识别不同文体特征； 根据上下文推测生词词义； 作出判断和推理； 理解文段的基本逻辑结构； 理解作者的意图和态度。,阅读能力要求,一、【考纲解读】,二、【命题趋势】,语料真实地道，题材广泛，涵盖人文、科技、社会、教育、文化、环保、体育等各个方面。体裁涉及记叙文、应用文、说明文、夹叙夹议文、报刊文等多种类型的文章。所选材料突出思想性、教育性、实用性和趣味性。试题的选项才和设计反映出英语教学的工具性和人文性。题材具有时代化、生活化、现代化的特征。,三、【 应对技巧】,1、快速阅读 2、猜测生词 3、长难句解析 4、抓文章主旨与段落大意 5、辨别文章体裁 6、综合推断与判断,培养高考阅读需要的6种能力,1、快速阅读,高考阅读具有很大挑战性。第一，高考阅读有一定的长度（一般5篇文章）和难度；第二，因为高考时间限制，阅读需要速度，所以快速阅读能力和准确理解构成高考快速阅读要求。 没有速度就没有质量，因为读不完的题等于不会做。提高速度是训练的关键之一。,2、猜测生词根据关键词,Imagine my excitement when I discovered my guru coming to town to give the opening speech,It must be a person; It may be a hero; a famous person; a writer; It may be a remarkable teacher; the writers hero; a teacher the writer admires most,这是一位服装店售货员的自述。在每年的劲减销售旺季（the sale fever，it was like a battle field ），工作十分劳累。 You wont believe this but as soon as I got home I crashed out for hours. Then I had dinner and went back to bed, fearing the sound of the alarm which would tell me to get ready for the second day of the sale.,2、猜测生词根据关键词,The underlined expression “crashed out“ means _.,slept soundly,A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, An Evaston mother of two, aged 4 and 18 months. “Having a party at home requires a lot of running around on the part of the parents, and often the birthday boy or girl gets lost in wild excitement. But it really doesnt have to be that way,” said Anaclerio.,2、 猜测生词根据对比关系,a situation causing trouble or difficulty 费心之事,“There is an out-of-date idea that children grow up and leave home when they are 18, and the truth is far from that,” says Bumpass of the University of Wisconsin. Scientists show a number of reasons for this return to the nest. . “Its strange for the kids to pay all that money for rent. It makes sense for kids to stay at home.” But sharing family home requires changes for all. There are the hassles over bathrooms, telephones and privacy. Some families, however, manage the careful balancing act. But for others, it proves too difficult.,2、 猜测生词根据上下文,conflicts，quarrels 争吵，口角,2、 猜测生词根据解释,Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines, say UK researchers. Their study found that theobromine, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present. Ten healthy volunteers were given theobromine, codeine or placebo, a pill that contains no medicine, during the experiment. Neither the volunteers nor the researchers knew who received which pill. The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin, which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicines are stopping coughs.,theobromine： found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine codeine： considered the best cough medicine at present placebo： a pill that contains no medicine capsaicin： used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicines are stopping coughs.,可可中的一种 成分，能有效 止咳,止咳良药,药片（不含药品）,诱发咳嗽的物质（辣椒素）,2、 猜测生词根据解释,3、长难句解析（例1）,First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab Polytechnique.,Pierre de Format put forward the _. Even the best mathematicians cannot_ the problem，but a French woman scientist _ the progress.,theorem,work out,advanced,3、长难句解析（例2）,Human beings have agreed, in the course of centuries of mutual(相互的) dependency, to let the various noises that they can produce with their lungs, throats, tongues, teeth, and lips systematically stand for certain happenings in their nervous systems.,抓主干部分： Human beings have agreed to let the various noises systematically stand for certain happenings.,China Daily Oct. 11,2008The Ministry of Health has called for more awareness from the public on the mental health of the young, as part of efforts to mark World Mental Health Day which fell on Friday. 第二段列举事实15%中国孩子发现有心理疾患；大约3千万17岁以下孩子患有不同程度的精神抑郁；估计到2020年患心理疾病的孩子人数会达到50% 第三段专业人士分析各种原因，提出如不及时采取措施，犯罪率，吸毒问题等会更严重 第四段列举事实说明该问题已经引起关注并采取措施解决这个问题,4、抓文章主旨与段落大意（例1）,主题句在句首卫生部号召全民关注青年人的心理健康,Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. However, most zoos remain “collections” of interesting “things” rather than protective habitats (栖息地). Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural homes.,4、抓文章主旨与段落大意（例2）,第一段作者指出zoo officials言行不一。,Zoos claim (声称) to educate people and save endangered species (物种), but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty. Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species name, diet, and natural range (分布区). The animals normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos dont usually take care of the animals natural needs.,4、抓文章主旨与段落大意（例2）,第二段作者继续列举 zoo officials的种种不是， 说一套做一套。,The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. This results in unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis. A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.,4、抓文章主旨与段落大意（例2）,第三段作者用事实说明动物在动物园被圈养很不愉快。,Furthermore, most animals in zoos are not endangered. Captive breeding (圈养繁殖)of endangered big cats, Asian elephants, and other species has not resulted in their being sent back to the wild. Zoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species dying out. In fact, baby animals also attract a lot of paying customers. Havent we seen enough competitions to name baby animals?,4、抓文章主旨与段落大意（例2）,第四段作者进一步揭露zoo officials向人们说的圈养 是为了挽救濒危动物是幌子，想盈利才是他们的目的,Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons people kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals natural habitats.,4、抓文章主旨与段落大意（例2）,最后一段出现主旨我们应该去支持为保护动物栖息地而工作的群体，而不要去支持动物园他们不值得我们的支持。,One morning a few years ago, Harvard President Neil Rudenstine overslept. For this busy man, it was a sort of alarm: after years of non-stop hard work, he might wear himself out and die an early death. Only after a weeks leave during which he read novels, listened to music and walked with his wife on a beach was Rudenstine able to return to work. In our modern life, we have lost the rhythm between action and rest. Amazingly, within this world there is a universal but silly saying: “I am so busy.”,第 1-2 段： 以例子导入,第3段: 作者指出在现代生活中，工作与休闲节 奏不协调的现象,4、抓文章主旨与段落大意（例3）,We say this to one another as if our tireless efforts were a talent by nature and an ability to successfully deal with stress. The busier we are, the more important we seem to ourselves and, we imagine, to others. To be unavailable to our friends and family, and to be unable to find time to relax this has become the model of a successful life. Because we do not rest, we lose our way. We miss the guide telling us where to go, the food providing us with strength, the quiet giving us wisdom.,第4段: 作者分析工作与休闲不协调的原因,第5段: 作者分析工作与休闲不协调的结果,4、抓文章主旨与段落大意（例3）,How have we allowed this to happen? I believe it is this: we have forgotten the Sabbath, the day of the week for followers of some religions for rest and praying. It is a day when we are not supposed to work, a time when we devote ourselves to enjoying and celebrating what is beautiful. It is a good time to bless our children and loved ones, give thanks, share meals, walk and sleep. It is a time for us to take a rest, to put our work aside, trusting that there are larger forces at work taking care of the world.,第6段: 作者分析出现这种现象的原因,4、抓文章主旨与段落大意（例3）,Rest is a spiritual and biological need; however, in our strong ambition to be successful and care for our many responsibilities, we may feel terribly guilty when we take time to rest. The Sabbath gives us permission to stop work. In fact, “Remember the Sabbath” is more than simply permission to rest; it is a rule to obey and a principle to follow.,Main idea: We should balance work with rest.,第7段: 作者表明自己观点与态度休息是保持身 心健康的需要,没有主题句，需要自己概括和总结,4、抓文章主旨与段落大意（例3）,.What would be the best title for the passage? A. A handkerchief on an Oak Tree B. Going Home C. A Long Bus Journey D. A story of an Oak Tree,Passage 1,.What would be the best title for the passage? A. A handkerchief on an Oak Tree B. Going Home C. A Long Bus Journey D. A story of an Oak Tree,Passage 1,学生实练,Passage 2,Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Timex or Rolex? B. My Childhood Timex C. Watches? Not for Me! D. Watches-a Valuable Collection,学生实练,Passage 3,What is the best title for the passage? A. An unusual Meeting. B. An Impressive Lesson. C. Be Grateful to Your Beloved. D. Little Pink Ribbon,B. “帽子太大”（主客关系颠倒）, A. C. 偏离主旨,学生实练,Passage 4,What is the best title for the passage? A. Unforgettable Experiences B. Remarkable Imagination C. Lifelong Friendship D. Noble Companions,学生实练,这篇文章讲的是“友谊”。第一段作者用了整个一段文字表述 了他/她心目中对“朋友”的定义。 “When it comes to friends, I desire those who will share my happiness, who possess wings of their own and who will fly with me. I seek friends whose qualities illuminate（照亮）me and train me up for love. It is for these people that I reserve the glowing hours, too good not to share.” 谈及朋友，我渴望有能与我分享幸福的朋友；有渴望有羽翼 丰满并愿意带着我一起飞翔的朋友。我寻找品质优秀能照亮 我的人生，教会我懂得爱的朋友。我保存着和这样的朋友在 一起相处的闪光的记忆，好得不能不与别人分享。,中间又列举了三个曾经与之交往的朋友，最后总结到“It is such comforting companions I wish to keep. One bright hour with their kind is worth more to me than the lifetime services of a psychologist（心理学家），” 我愿意与这样的同伴交往，和他们这样的人在一起哪怕一个 小时胜过心理学家给我提供的一生的心理服务,文章头尾呼应，从给朋友的定义到中间三段的举例都表明作者想要的朋友不是普通的朋友，而是“高贵的”的朋友。,What is the best title for the passage? A. Unforgettable Experiences B. Remarkable Imagination C. Lifelong Friendship D. Noble Companions,学生实练,5、辨别文章体裁,第1篇： 报刊类阅读：围绕青少年心理健康问题展开。 第2篇： 议论文：围绕动物园圈养动物行为展开议论圈养是否体现关 爱动物或有利于濒危动物的保护。 第3篇： 说明文：说明休息是身心健康的需要，要平衡工作与休闲的 关系。 学生实练 第1篇：记叙文 围绕Vingo刑满释放回家，不知妻子是否接纳他展开 第2篇：议论文 围绕瑞士名表有没有实用价值而展开 第3篇：记叙文围绕作者佩戴粉红丝带去饭店，遭到一些青年人嘲 笑，向他们讲述红丝带的意义而展开 第4篇：说明文说明作者对高贵朋友的渴求及好朋友的重要性。,6、综合推断与判断（例1）,Dear Editor, When a new school term is about to begin, perhaps we should reconsider the matter of examinations. In July, two writers praised the cancellation(取消) of exams because they believe “Tests dont tell the whole story”. As a teacher who has worked in four countries, I have had the experience that a student who earns good marks is generally a good student, and that a students final mark in a subject is usually a grade average of the years work. Of course there are exceptions, but they do not have the frequency that would give an unfair picture of a students ability.,第1段：作者提出问题：开学伊始，有人提出取消考试。,第2段：作者开始陈述自己的观点：考试是衡量学生学习程度的有效方式。,6、综合推断与判断（例1）,第3段：作者继续陈述观点：好成绩就是好学生，反之就是差学生。,第4段：作者开始陈述观点：质量的竞争具有不可替代性，考试成绩是决定学生学习好坏的标准。,The simple fact is that proper class work, diligent exam studies, and good marks are almost certain indications(指示) of a students future performance. The opposite is, almost certainly, incompetence. There is no acceptable substitute for competition of quality. How can teachers and future officials determine what a student has learned and remembered? Should we simply take the students mark for it? Any institution that “liberates” students from fair and formal exams is misguided, if not ignorant(无知), and surely the “graduates” of such institutions will lack trustworthiness(信赖), not to mention being rejected by foreign universities for graduates or other studies.,6、综合推断与判断（例1）,第5段：作者得出结论：主张取消考试的人实际上是害怕失败，害怕与别人相比时出现的不愉快。优秀的人不怕考试，相反，他们寻找机会竞争并渴望得到获胜后的满足感。,When all is said and done, I sense that a fear of failure and a fear of unpleasant comparison with others are at the bottom of most of ban-exam talks. Excellence and quality fear nothing. On the contrary, they seek competition and desire the satisfaction of being the best.,6、综合推断与判断（例1）,1. According to the writer, a students final mark _. A. is often confusing B. can only tell whether he likes the subject or not C. can largely reflect his normal academic level D. often proves unreliable,A. D. 张冠李戴；B. 含绝对化语言(only) , 陈述中还 偷换了概念（说考试，而不是喜欢不喜欢某课程）,6、综合推断与判断（例1）,2. The two writers mentioned in the first paragraph _. seem to be worried about their students poor marks B. are in favour of another way to test their students C. agree with the idea of cancelling exams D. think that exams only make students suffer,B. D: 无中生有,6、综合推断与判断（例1）,3. Which of the following may be the writers opinion? A. Exams are an effective measure to test a students ability. B. The ways other than exams are better to test a students ability. C. No better way than exams can actually get a student to learn. D. A students ability cannot be measured only by exam results.,B. D:张冠李戴； C.偷梁换柱,6、综合推断与判断（例1）,4. According to the writer, those who are against exams _. A. are failures of exams B. are poor students C. are not qualified teachers D. have no confidence in competition,A. B. C. 主观臆断,6、综合推断与判断（例2）,第1段：作者提出研究成果：10个致人快乐与否的因素，其中财富和年龄占据首位。 第2段：钱的作用能“买”快乐，可温饱问题解决之后，幸福指数的增长就和钱不完全成比正比了。,Over the last 70 years, researchers have been studying happy and unhappy people and finally found out ten factors that make a difference. Our feelings of well-being at any moment are determined to a certain degree by genes. However, of all the factors, wealth and age are the top two. Money can buy a degree of happiness. But once you can afford to feed, clothe and house yourself, each extra dollar makes less and less difference.,6、综合推断与判断（例2）,1. According to the passage, the feeling of happiness . A. is determined partly by genes B. increases gradually with age C. has little to do with wealth D. is measured by desires,同义句互换：Our feelings of well-being at any moment are determined to a certain degree by genes.,6、综合推断与判断（例2）,第3段：作者继续讲钱的作用有钱人相对快乐多一些，但在过去50年中收入剧曾，而幸福指数没长。物质问题解决到一定程度，人们追求精神的东西了如朋友。,Researche