五大时态复习及完形填空讲解-八年级下复习.doc

五大时态讲解及复习 -2013-4-291一般现在时 (1)用法：表示事实、现状、性质或经常的、习惯性的动作。常与seldom, often, usually, always, sometimes, today, every day, once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等时间状语连用。如：I go to school at seven every day. 我每天七点去上学。表示普遍真理。如： The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。表示在现在时间里所发生的一个动作。如：Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。 在时间和条件状语从句中代表一般将来时。如Ill go shopping with my mother if she is free tomorrow. 如果明天我妈妈有空，我将和她去购物。(2)动词的第三人称单数形式变化规则如下：直接加s。如：workworks。辅音字母y结尾的词，先变y为i，再加es。如：carrycarries; crycries; trytries; studystudies。以s、x、o、ch、sh结尾的词加es。如：washwashes; teachteaches; gogoes; passpasses; fixfixes。特殊：havehas。2一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。句中的谓语动词要变为过去式。(1)句型结构：be动词型I was a student last year. 去年我是一名学生。Were you at home this morning? 今天早上你在家吗？Yes, I was./No, I wasnt. 是的，我在。/不，我不在。行为动词型Tom went to Shanghai last year. 去年汤姆去了上海。John did nt leave here last year. 去年约翰没有住在这里。Did you see him just now? 你刚才看见他了吗？(2)用法：主要表示过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。如：His friend was at work yesterday. 他的朋友昨天在工作。表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与often，always 等表示频度的时间状语连用。如：We often went to work by bus last year. 去年我们经常乘公交车上班。和when 等引导的时间状语从句连用。如：When he got home, he had a rest. 当他到家时，他休息了一会儿。常与表示过去的时间状语连用。这些状语有：ago, yesterday, last week, in the old days, when I was five years old, in 1995等。如： We began our work three hours ago三小时前，我们开始工作。(3)动词过去式的变化规则：一般情况在动词原形后加-ed。如: watchwatched。以不发音字母e结尾的加-d。如：livelived; practicepracticed。以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i加-ed。如：studystudied; carrycarried; crycried。以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stopstopped; planplanned; 不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。3.一般将来时(1)结构：助动词shall/will动词原形 (2)用法：表示将要发生的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有： later(on), soon, in a month, next time, from now on, tomorrow等。如：I shall be eighteen years old next year.明年我18岁了。表示某种必然的趋势。如：Fish will die without water.离开水，鱼就会死。 (3)注意： 在以第一人称作主语的问句中，常用 shall 表示提议和询问情况，在以第二人称作主语的句中，用will 表示请求。如：Where shall we have lunch? 我们在哪里吃午饭？当主语是第一人称时，用will 表示意愿、决心、允诺、命令等。如：I will give Xiaoming a good gift for his birthday. 我会在小明生日时送他一份好礼。在时间或条件状语从句中，一般用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：I will write to Jim when he is there. 当吉姆到达那里时，我将给他写信。“be going to动词原形” 也可表示将来时。a表示主观意愿、打算等。如：Hes going to learn English next term.下学期他打算学英语。b根据已有迹象能推测出可能要发生的情况。如：Look at the black clouds！It is going to rain. 看那些乌云！马上要下雨了。提示 表示位移的动词的进行时常表达将来之意，如： come, go, leave, fly, start, finish等。如：Shes flying to Australia next month.下个月她将飞往澳大利亚。4.现在进行时(1)结构： am/is/are动词的ing形式(2)用法：表示目前发生(进行)的动作(不指状态)，常用的时间状语有： now, at the moment 等。当有look, listen起提示作用时，后面的句子常用现在进行时。如：Are you writing a letter to your friend now? 你现在正在给你朋友写信吗？Listen! She is singing in the next room. 听！她正在隔壁唱歌。表示现阶段正在进行，而此刻不一定在进行的动作。如：We are planting trees these days.这些日子我们在植树。表示位移的动词的进行时表示动作将要发生。此类词有come, go, leave, arrive, fly等，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如：They are leaving for England tomorrow afternoon. 他们明天下午要去英国。(3)现在分词的变化规则：一般加-ing。如：playplaying。以不发音字母e结尾的，去e加ing。如：comecoming; makemaking; liveliving；writewriting; taketaking。以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ing。如：runrunning; sitsitting; beginbeginning; cutcutting; stopstopping; getgetting; swimswimming; planplanning。特殊：diedying; lielying; tietying。5过去进行时(1)结构： was/weredoing(2)用法：过去进行时主要表示过去某一时间点或某一段时间正在进行的动作。如：His father fell down while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 他爸爸骑自行车时摔到了，弄伤了自己。(3)常用的时间状语： this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten, last evening, when, while。(4)when和while的区别：引导时间状语从句时，while 连接的是时间段，后常接延续性动词；而when连接的既可以是延续性动词也可以是非延续性动词。如：What was your father doing while your mother was cooking？你妈妈正在做饭时，你爸爸干什么呢？What was your mother doing when you came back? 当你回来时，你妈妈干什么呢？while可以连接两个并列的句子，而when不可以。如：I was trying my best to finish my work while my sister was watching TV. 我当时正在尽力完成作业，而我的妹妹正在看电视。when可作特殊疑问词，对时间进行提问，while 不能。如：When were you born?你是什么时候出生的？练习用动词的正确形式填空。1.I_(benot)amiddleschoolstudent. 2She_(be)inClassSix,GradeOne.We_(be)allYoungpioneers. 3SamandI_(be)indifferentclasses. 4There_(be)amaponthewall.There_(be)someboatsintheriver.5.Ithinkhe_(be)backinaweek. 6.Itstime_(play)games. 7.Iwant_(take)somebookstotheclassroom. 8.Couldyou_(take)ittoyourroom?9.Look!Theteachers_(talk)tothestudents. 10.Thebesttime_(visit)China_(be)Springorautumn. 11.Canyou_(look)afterher? 12.Dont_(talk).Jim_(do)hishomework. 13.What_you_(do)?Imafarmer. What_you_(do)now?Im_(put)riceinbags. 14.We_(stay)athomeonSundays.He_(go)toclasseseveryweek. 15.Stop_(talk).Letsbeginourclass. 16.Whenhemethisteacherinthestreet,hestopped_(say)hellotohim. 17._we_(go)tothezootomorrow? 18.He_(be)bornin1982. 55._you_(have)agoodtimeatthecinemalastnight? 19.I_(show)youthephototomorrow. 20.Whynot_(go)totheparkwithmetomorrow? 21.Doyouenjoy_(eat)bananas?Whatabout_(watch)TV? 22.Theboyisgoodat_(read)maps. 23.What_(be)thedateyesterday? 24.ImafraidImay_(be)alittlelate. 25.Imsorry_(hear)that. 26.Ithinktherain_(stop)lateron. 27.Lets_(give)hersomethingdifferent_(eat). 28.Ilike_(swim).So_mybrother. 29.It_(rain)outside.Youdbetter_(notgo)out. 30.He_(break)hisleftlegintheaccidentyesterday.Hisfriends_(take)himtohospitalatonce.完形填空中考考查方式、答题技巧分析“完形填空”题是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型。它结合了单项选择题和短文填空的优点，既考查词语搭配、近义词辨异、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等，又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力。“完形填空”题要求填入的词主要有：1. 语法结构所要求的功能词，如连接词、连接代词、连接副词、关系代词、关系副词等。2. 具有语法变化的普通词，如动词的时态、语态、语气，名词的数，代词的格，形容词和副词的级等。3. 固定搭配短语或词组中的特定词。4. 同义词、近义词等易混淆词。5. 根据上、下文意思及结构必须填入的确定词。年份年份及难度星级2009年 2010年 2011年 2012年 分值25分15分15分15分篇数2篇1篇1篇1篇字数第一篇157字 第二篇385字320字332字302字题材生活故事（邻居，士兵做汤）人物生活（爱拍照的人）生活故事（残疾孩子母亲的经历）教育性故事（孩子面对失败）从上表我们可以得出以下结论：1.考查方式渐渐固定：从2009年以后都是每年考查1篇，15小题，300字左右。2.题材固定在生活故事上：完型在选材时注重选择与孩子们生活很接近的文章，比如，校园事件，故事，社区事件，故事，名人励志故事和社会热点大事。3.难度适中：2010年的文章最难。一般情况下文章不会太难，读懂没有问题，但要选出正确的选项还是需要仔细推敲的。4.重视词汇和上下文关联：对孩子们基础词汇的要求较高，要求孩子熟知基础词汇的用法，近义词区别，固定搭配及其基础词汇另外的特殊含义。另外，在做题过程中要学会根据上下文来推测答案，有时在文中甚至可以找到原词，所以遇到不会的题目不必害怕，做好记号，沉着应对。三、完形填空试题的一般解题思路：1.跳过空格、通读短文、了解大意。2.复读短文、确定语义、判断词形。3.三读短文、上下参照、验证答案。做完形填空题先从以下三方面入手：1.首先要以很快的速度浏览全文，掌握文章的主旨，不要急于看选项。浏览全文时要重点了解文中所叙述的人物、时间、地点、事件，即who，when，where，what。完形填空命题的原则一般是第一句话不挖空，目的是使读者进入语境，因此一定要认真阅读这句话。例如：Why is a space left between the rails of a railway line where one piece joins the next?这句话从铁轨之间的缝隙引出了问题。根据常识，文中内容应与热涨冷缩的物理现象有关。2.根据故事情节的发展选词，确定所填的词与文中哪个词有关系以及动作是在什么场合发生的。3.试填之后将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查。（“字面译、通逻辑、搞代入、全文译”）实战演练 （1）When Mr Smith retired(退休), he bought a small 1 in a village near the sea. He2 it and hoped to live a quiet life in this house.But to his great surprise, many tourists came to see his house in summer holidays, for it was the most 3 building in the village. From morning to night there were 4 outside the house. They kept looking into the rooms through the windows and 5 of them even went into Mr Smiths garden. This was too much for Mr Smith. He decided to ask the visitors to 6 . So he put a notice on the window. The notice said, “If you want 7 your curiosity(好奇心)，come in and look round. Price: twenty dollars.” Mr Smith was sure that the visitors would 8 coming, but he was wrong. More and more visitors came and Mr Smith had to 9 every day showing them around his house.“I came here to 10 not to work as a guide（导游）,”he said angrily. In the end, he sold the house and moved away.（ ）1.A. gardenB. shopC. houseD. school（ ）2. A. liked B. hatedC. soldD. built（ ）3. A. bigB. interestingC. smallD. clean（ ）4. A. children B. studentsC. parentsD. tourists（ ）5. A. noB. noneC. manyD. much（ ）6. A. comeB. leaveC. stayD. play（ ）7. A. to satisfyB. satisfyC. to satisfyingD. satisfying（ ）8. A. go onB. stopC. continueD. not（ ）9. A. takeB. costC. spendD. pay（ ）10. A. playB. workC. watchD. retire （2）One day, a boy had a fight with one of his classmates. Then he went to his 31 and told him his story angrily. “He is really bad,” the boy said, “and I 32 him.”The grandfather said, “ 33 me tell you a story. When I was a boy, I too, sometimes hated others for what they did. .” As the boy 34 carefully, the grandfather went on, “There are always two tigers inside my heart. One is 35 and kind. He gets on well 36 everything around him. But 37 is bad and unfriendly. Even the smallest thing will make him angry. He fights with everyone all the time, and for no reason. He cant think carefully 38 he always hates others. It is difficult to live with these two tigers inside my heart. They both try to control(控制) me. ”The boy looked into his grandfathers 39 and asked, “ 40 tiger always controls you, Grandfather?”The old man said slowly and seriously, “The one that I feed. I always feed the good and kind tiger, so I never hate others and seldom(很少) get angry now. ”31. A. motherB. fatherC. teacherD. grandfather32. A. loveB. hateC. knowD. enjoy33. A. MakeB. HelpC. LetD. Ask 34. A. sawB. feltC. talkedD. listened 35. A. goodB. badC. lazyD. quiet 36. A. atB. onC. withD. about 37. A. otherB. othersC. anotherD. the other 38. A. becauseB.thoughC.before D. but 39. A. eyesB. earsC. noseD. mouth40. A. WhoB. WhichC. WhereD. When (3)One day a mother rat and her babies were out in an open field. They were playing and having a good time when suddenly a hungry cat came on the scene! It hid 41_ a big tree and then looked forward through the tall grass 42_ it could almost hear them talk. Before the mother rat and her babies knew 43 had happened, the cat jumped from its hiding place and started to run 44_ them.The mother cat and her babies all fled at once. They hurried towards 45 home, which was under a pile of large stones. But the baby rats were so scared (害怕) that they could not run very 46_ . Closer and closer the cat came. In no time the cat would be upon them. What was to be done?The mother rat stopped running, 47 round and faced the cat, shouting，Bow Wow! Bow Wow! just like 48 angry dog. The cat was so surprised and frightened that it ran away.The mother rat turned to the babies, Now you see 49 important it is to learn _50 second language!（ ）41 A. on B. between C. by D. behind（ ）42. A. before B. when C. until D. while（ ）43. A. where B. what C. which D. when（ ）44. A. over B. through C. after D. against（ ）45. A. to B. for C. its D. their（ ）46. A. freely B. hardly C. soon D. quickly（ ）47. A. turned B. walked C. jumped D. ran（ ）48. A. a B. an C. their D. that （ ）49. A. so B. why C. what D. how（ ）50. A. out B. the C. a D. an (4)London is a beautiful city. It is very large. The Thames River runs 42 the city from west to east. So the city has 43 parts: the South and the North. In the North, there are important buildings, shops, big parks and interesting places. The weather in London is good. In winter it is not very cold and in summer it is not very hot 44 the city is near the sea. People say 45 London is a foggy city and it often rains. It is true. Last year, when I 46 in London I met one of the 47 fogs in years. You could hardly see your hand in front of your face. Cars and buses moved along with their lights on. When evening came, the weather got 48 worse. The fog was as thick as milk. 49 the buses and cars stopped. I had 50 an important meeting on the other side of the town, but it was impossible to find a car. I had to get there 51 . 1 A. about B. through C. in D. along 2 A. four B. six C. five D. two 3 A. because B. so C. but D. or 4 A. what B. where C. that D. which 5 A. were B. am C. be D. was 6 A. big B. bigger C. bigest D. biggest 7 A. woreB. evenC. veryD. some8 A. All B. Each C. Every D. None 9 A. to join B. to go toC. take part in D. join in10 A. by car B. by bus C. on foot D. on the foot (5)Paul got 26 the bus to go to the town. It was very crowded and he had to stand for about five 27 . Then some of the people got 28 . Paul sat down next 29 a fat woman. She 30 several shopping bags and Paul didnt have much place 31 the seat. He wasnt uncomfortable. 32 last the bus got to the town. All the people started to get off. Paul was very polite, so he stood 33 to let the fat woman get off before him. She said,” 34 .” Then she tried to get 35 the seat with all her bags. But she couldnt move. She was too fat and her bags were too heavy.( ) 26.A. off B. on C. down D. up( )27. A. minutes B. days C. weeks D. years ( )28. A.off B. up C. on D. down( )29. A. in B. at C. near D. to ( )30. A. carries B. buys C. had D. has( )31. A. in B. at C. on D. upon( )32. A. In B. At C. On D.Up ( )33. A.down B. under C. up D. at ( )34. A. Go away B. Go at once C. Look out D. Thank you ( )35. A. down to B. off C. on D. out of1) 1-5 CABDC 6-10 BABCD2) 31-40 DBCDA CDAAB3) 41、DCBCD, 46-50 DABDC4) 4246 BDACD 4751 DBABC 5) 26-30 BAADC 31-35CBCDD课后习题：1.I will tell him as soon as he _ back A. come B. comes C. will come D. came 2. Mary _ on shoes when she _ them. A. triesbuys B. tries buies C. trys buys D. trys buies 3. The girl often _ cold when she _. A. cathcsdances B. catches dances C. catchsdancees D. catches dancee 4. _ he _ himself there? No, I dont think so. A. Doenjoy B. Does enjoies C. Does enjoys D. Doesenjoy 5. _ your teacher _ from them very often? Certainly. A. Dohear B. Doeshear C. Do receive D. receive 6. _ your mother _ some cleaning on Sundays? A. Doesdoes B. Dodoes C. Doesdo D. Do do 7. _ Tom _to work hard to help his family ? Yes, he _. A. Has xdoes B. Hasxdoes C. Doeshashas D. Does havedoes 8. Which teacher _ lessons to you every day ? A. does gives B. does give C. do give D. gives 9. Smith does not go fishing on weekdays, _? _ , he does. A. does heNo B. does heYes C. doesnt heNo D. doesnt heYes 10.Mr Black often _ fishing on Sundays, _ he ? A. goesdoesnt B. goesisnt C. doesnt godoes D. doesnt gois 11.He usually _ TV on Sunday evening. A. watch B. watches C. watching D. is watching 12. Well go to play with snow if it _ tomorrow. A. snow B. snows C. will snow D. snowed 13. Neither I nor he _ French. A. speak B. does