英语写作Ⅱintrodu.pptVIP

英语写作（本科）,李花梅,Week 1,Introduction of the course 1.Main parts: essay writing/composition writing (description; narration; exposition; argumentation) 2.others: outline and summary writing; Grammar and language 3.Two weeks for each essay writing: lecture(one week); writing practice(one week) 4. other contents: one week for each topic,Requirements 16 weeks Final exam: the 16th week or 17th week Exercise book Final score: exam 60%; homework 20%; attendance 10%; class performance 10%,坐班时间：Wednesday 19:00-20:30 Place: 4420 Telephone:Email: 4499592,TEM 4,Time: April 20 (7 weeks) Writing: essay writing: (narration; exposition; argumentation) 35minutes / 200 words / 15 points Note writing: 10 minutes / 50-60 words / 10 points Teaching plan: narration; exposition; argumentation first,Class activity,5 or 6 groups Each group chooses the best writing and tells the reason. You can use ppt if necessary The score of your group members will be decided by this writing.,Section One: Essays,Introduction Unit 1 Outline Unit 2 Descriptive Essays Unit 3 Narrative Essays Unit 4 Expository Essays Unit 5 Argumentative Essays,Introduction,Objective 1. learn about the structure (layout) of an essay 2. learn to write a thesis statement Important points: thesis statement; the body Difficult points: thesis statement Methods: lecture; writing exercises Assignments: exercises on P11-12,Introduction,Preview The introduction part gives students a general idea of English essay. Students are shown how to begin, develop and conclude an essay., Structure of an Essay An essay basically consists of 3 parts.,一般来说，TEM-4的命题作文的模式是“三段式”作文，即introduction（提出观点）- body（展开论述）-conclusion（总结结论）。,演绎推理,归纳推理, Introduction Paragraph 1. In the introduction paragraph, the subject and the thesis statement are stated .,A sentence that sets out the main idea or the purpose of the essay,其中第一句的作用是用来说明整段文章的总义和介绍文章的主题，之后的一至两句则是用来表达考生的个人意见(论点)，最后一句通常用来带领进入主体部分。 文章好的开头会引人如胜，激发阅卷老师的阅读兴趣。一般说来，这一段落不宜太长，要写得简明扼要，主要可以采用以下三种方法：引用法、现象法和对立法。,Sample 1,The Best Way to Maintain Ones Health Our health is the only thing we really have in the world. Money, our house, or our clothes can be taken away and we can survive. But if our health is taken away, we will die. Then what are the ways to maintain ones health? In my opinion, the best ways are: eat healthfully, exercise regularly, and keep up your social life.,Sample 2,“Golden Week” Policy Should Be Abolished In recent years, Golden Week ranks one of the hottest words of Chinese. It refers to the May Day holiday and National Day holiday during which the majority of Chinese people relax and enjoy themselves by shopping, traveling or just staying at home etc. the “Golden Week” policy has been making great contributions to the development of China”s tourism and economy since its implementation several years ago. Meanwhile, it is undeniable that its shortcomings have come into appearance.,2. How to write a good thesis statement A thesis statement must make a point. A thesis statement must express one main idea only. A thesis statement must be specific. A thesis statement shouldnt be a fact,3. Exercise 1 on P11 choose the best thesis statement and tell why., Body Paragraph Body paragraph develops the subject and the thesis,主体部分段首通常有一个主题句(topic sentence)，用来表示该段的中心思想。下面是几个常用主题句句型： 1It is believed that has the following advantages 2 is important in several ways 3 I side with this view for two reasons 4 benefits us in many ways 接下来的文章应包含二到三个要点，用以支持主题句。考生可以通过例证、引证、对比、因果论证及反证等方法逐步论述各个要点。阅卷老师在看文章时也许会通过某些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构严谨，条理清晰，因此要在每一个要点前加入表示顺序的词汇，如：,1）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally 2）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly 3）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally 4）to start with, next, in addition, finally 5）first and foremost, besides, last but not least 6）most important of all, moreover, finally 7）on one hand, on the other hand 8）for one thing, for another thing,Sample: First, you should try to avoid foods high in fat like cookies and limit the amount of animal protein you consume. Never eat more than you need. Eat a lot of vegetables and fresh fruit which are full of fiber and vitamins. Second, exercise helps the bones build density and the muscles become stronger. If you form a habit of doing regular exercises, you will benefit from it all your life. Third, friends are an important part of ones health. Studies have shown that people with a wide range of social contacts get fewer colds and have fewer complaints than those who do not. So why not keep up your social life and spend some time with your friends?,transitions To arrange the ideas in a cohesive way To illustrate the shift of ideas and the relationship between ideas The following ways may help the writer to produce a fluent paragraph: A: Using parallel structures; B: Repeating words or word group; C: Using pronouns to refer to nouns in preceding sentences; D: Being consistent in the person and number of nouns and pronouns, and the tense of verbs; E: Using transitional expressions,a: transitional expressions for spatial development: above; under; before me; in the distance; on the left; opposite to; on top of; b: transitional expressions for chronological development: first, second, etc; at the same time; next; finally; afterward; soon; c: transitional expressions for comparisons: equally important; besides; similarly; furthermore; too, also; at the same time; accordingly; like; in the same way; likewise; d: transitional expressions for contrast: on the contrary; different from; on the other hand; unlike; whereas; but; however;,Exercise: in the following paragraph, note how the writer makes use of all these ways to achieve coherence. Americans are queer people: they cant play. Americans rush to work as soon as they grow up. They want their work as soon as they wake. It is a stimulant- the only one they are not afraid of. They used to open their offices at ten oclock; then at nine; then at eight; then at seven. Now they never shut them. Every business in America is turning into an open-all-day-and-all-night business. They eat all night, dance all night, build buildings all night, make a noise all night. They cant play. They try to, but cant. they turn football into a fight, baseball into a lawsuit. They cant play. The little children cant play; they use mechanical toys instead- toy cranes, hoisting toy loads, toy machinery spreading a toy industrial depression of infantile dullness. The grownup people cant play; they use a mechanical gymnasium and a clockwork horse. They cant laugh; they hire a comedian and watch him laugh.,2. Methods of developing an essay statistics; facts; examples; description; definition; classification; comparison and contrast; cause and effect, Conclusion Paragraph No new ideas should be introduced in the concluding paragraph. 1.,结尾部分的开始通常会用一个特别结论句式，如：in general，to sum up，to conclude，all in all等等。 在200词的文章中，这一部分不宜篇幅过长，最好用一两句话来总结全文，使其前后呼应。除非只是一个次要观点，否则不要在这段内提出任何新见解，但如果题目要求的话，考生也可以在结论上提出相应的建议、推荐、介绍和解决方法。,The Best Way to Maintain Ones Health introduction: Our health is the only thing we really have in the world. Money, our house, or our clothes can be taken away and we can survive. But if our health is taken away, we will die. Then what are the ways to maintain ones health? In my opinion, the best ways are: eat healthfully, exercise regularly, and keep up your social life. Conclusion: By eating properly and exercising regularly, you can keep your body at an appropriate weight and maintain your physical health. By keeping up your social life, you can keep your mind as well as your body happy. They are the secrets for a healthy living., writing process 1. planning a composition: choose a topic ; decide what to focus on; collect material 2. Write an outline 3. Write the first draft 4. Revise the first draft 5. Make the final copy,2012年专四作文真题： The Dragon Boat Festival(端午节)is one of the important national festivals in ChinaWrite on ANSWER SHEET THREE a composition of about 200 words on the following topic： The Dragon Boat Festival First, you should tell what you know about the festival Second, you should describe how you or other people usually observe the festival Marks will be awarded for content, organization，language and appropriatenessFailure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks,The Dragon Boat Festival The Dragon Boat Festival, also called the Duanwu Festival, is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth month according to the Chinese calendar. This festival is to commemorate the death of QU Yuan, an upright and honest poet and