五种基本句型——主系表(学生版).doc

简单句共有五种基本句型(填写)一、_My head aches.我头疼。Everybody laughed.大家都笑了。二、_English is very easy.英语很容易。He looks tired.他看上去是累了。三、_She likes the flowers.她喜欢这些花。Dad bought a car.父亲买了辆汽车。四、_He told her the news.他把这消息告诉了她。He gave me an apple.他给了我一只苹果。五、_He told me to stay at home.他叫我呆在家里。The smell made him sick.这气味使他恶心。说明：上述各例都简化到了最低限度，在此基础上，我们可以加上一些修饰成分使句子变得更复杂，如：In fact, English is very easy to teach.事实上，英语很容易教。She likes the flowers very much.她非常喜欢这些花。He told her the news on the home.他把回家的路上这消息告诉了她。表达更丰富的内容主（语）系（动词）表（语）主语，主语是五种基本句型都具备的。从位置上来看，主语一般在句子开头，也就是一个句子的“头把交椅”。从意义上理解，主语一般是一个句子的“陈述对象”，后面的一切都是针对主语来说的。主语一般是名词或代词（当然还有其他，这里暂且详细讨论）系动词是联系动词的简称，顾名思义，它是起到联系作用的动词，是连接主语和表语的。系动词的数量是有限的，常见的只有十来个，我们把它们分成四组，这样有助于我们记忆系动词：一、be动词类：_二、表示变化类：_三、感官动词类: _四、表示延续性的动词：_表语从位置上来讲，它总是在系动词后面（系动词和表语关系甚为紧密，没有系动词，就没有表语：没有表语，就没有系动词。二从意义上讲，表语通常是来说明主语的性质、特征的。表语通常是由_等来充当。上面就是对主系表结构的简要介绍，其中，系动词是主系表结构的核心，它是这个结构的标志，看到了系动词，也就能立刻判断出句子的结构是主系表，因此，记住系动词非常重要。练习找出下面句子中的主语、系动词及表语，并指出主语和表语分别是由什么词性或词类来充当的。1Tomisastudent.2Heisfat.3Iamtired.4Wearestudents.5Thebagwaslost.6Theboywasfoolish.7Theywerekind.8Sheisintheroom.9Thebooksareonthedesk.10Snowiswhite.11Katewashereyesterday.12Myfatherbecameateacherin1978.13Theweathergetshotinsummer.14Shelooksbeautiful.15Theflowersmellsgood.16Wewereveryhappy.17Youareright.18Thesouptastesdelicious.19Thechairisyours.20Thechildrenareasleep.21Thestoryisinteresting.22Hefeelsbettertoday.23Theleafturnsgreen.24Istayedawakeallthenight.25TheweatherstillremainedcoldinApril.26Thelittlegirlissix27Myworkistolookafterthebaby.28Hisjobistakingcareofthepatient.29Thegirlisverypretty.30Hewentmad.31Pleasedontgetangry.32Theweatherisgettingcolderandcolder.33Youlookangry.34Shelookslikehermother.35Youlookunhappy,whatsthematter?36Thoserosessmellbeautiful.37Thistastesnice.Whatsinit?38Doyoufeelhappy?39Heremainedsilent.40Theweatherisgoingtostayfine.41MyjobisteachingEnglish42Sheisathome43Ifeelterrible44Heisolderthanhelooks他比看上去要老。46Thestorysoundsinteresting这个故事听起来有趣。47Thedeskfeelshard书桌摸起来很