英语学业水平考试专题训练-阅读理解短文填空.ppt

学业水平考试专题训练 阅读理解短文填空,一、先读问题，弄清考查要点，以便能带着问题看文章，这样会心中有数，有的放矢。 二、快速浏览全文，掌握全貌，注意发现与问题有关的信息，如果时间紧，至少要扫视一下起首段和尾段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想，这样全文大意便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答题。,阅读理解四步曲,三、细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，掌握短文细节内容。 四、重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案。在解完最后一道题后，如果时间允许，再将原文读一遍；用全文的主题思想统率各思考题，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，目的在于对所做答案进一步审查，推出未解答的题，以便减少失误。,阅读理解四步曲,阅读理解常见题型及解题方法 1、主旨归纳题 2、推理判断题 3、直接信息题（细节题） 4、词义理解题 阅读要素及阅读能力的培养,阅读理解题型及解题,一、主旨归纳,主旨大意题型主要测试读者对短文的全面理解和概括能力。提问的内容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某段的段落大意。针对主旨问题的提问一般比较笼统，不涉及具体内容，所以有时不易直接在文中找到答案。 为了要准确而又迅速地找到短文的中心句（表达中心思想的主题句）， 我们首先要明确作者的写作意图和文章的结构。,针对短文中心思想或主旨大意提问的方式主要有以下几种： 1.The best title for this article is _ . 2. The passage is about _ . 3. Whats the main idea of this passage ? 4. The main idea (topic, subject) of the passage is about _ . 5. With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned ?,People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.,topic sentence,Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.,topic sentence, ,Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.,topic sentence, ,The position of the topic sentence,At the beginning In the middle At the end No topic sentence,二、推理判断题,推理判断题着重考查逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断，如人物的性格、心理、故事的结局、寓意、文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。其题目设计的方式一般有：,We can infer(推断）from the passage that _ . The story suggests(暗示）that _ . We can conclude(得出结论）from the passage that _ . Which of the following might happened later ? The passage is probably taken from a _ . The writer of the passage considers it _ . Which of the following best describes(描绘）the character of _ .,解析：从作者的语气中我们可以体会他的态度，特别是Even if he does miss them，it is always the fault of the buses or the airplanes. 误了车或飞机本该是人的失误怎能归咎于车或飞机呢？明显是讥讽，也是暗示他对Mr. Neff的讨厌之情。答案为D。,阅读理解常见题型及解题方法,三、直接信息题（细节题） 直接信息题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题材目。其题目设计的方式一般有： 1、以who, what, when, where 等疑问词开头提问短文的具体内容。 2、以true or false 形式，让考生判断文章某一事实或细节。 3、 句意转换理解。 4、就文中具体内容进行简单计算，排序，识图等。 5、以According to the text/From the text 开头，考查某一细节。,解析： A、C 和D都可在原文找到答案，而B项原文列的是： taken to Hong Kong可判断不是moved to Hong Kong with her parents，因此选B。 解此类题需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断。,作此类题时，应尽可能的利用生词所在的上下文来猜测词义，即利用我们所熟悉的词或短语和上下文中的已知部分进行逻辑上的推理，有时还需 依靠构词法。,四.词义理解,解析：这是一段介绍热带雨林吸收二氧化碳的说明文。 此题猜测词义。根据Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tonnes of CO2 each year句中的take in可猜测正确答案为B。,四.词义理解,I removed the _ from the shelf. 2. He would _ the gold from his grandma.,Guess the missing words,I removed the _ from the shelf and began to read.,Harvey is a thief: he would _ the gold from his grandma and not feel guilty.,book,steal,3. Unlike his brother, Hobart is quite _.,Guess the missing words,Unlike his brother, who is truly a handsome person, Hobart is quite _.,4.He caught a cold,_ couldnt come to the party.,homely/plain,so/therefore,5.They are looking forward to_each other.,Guess the missing words,They havent seen each other for years,so they are looking forward to_each other.,6.The population of China is larger than_ of America.,seeing,that,enjoyed collet because neither Secondly care kind,hunger