writingyself文章讲解.ppt

-by Jade,Writing for Myself,Unit One Book One,Text A,-by Jade,Unit One Text A: Writing for Myself,1. Introduction of the author,2. Cultural Background,4. Abstract of the Text,3. Text organization,5. Text A study,6. Summary of Text A,-by Jade,Russell Baker (1925-),1. The Introduction of Russell Baker,-by Jade,1. The Introduction of Russell Baker,A Pulitzer Prize winner 普利策奖 An award for achievements in newspaper and online journalism, literature, and musical composition in the United States. Distinguish achievements,-by Jade,Discourse analysis,What type is this essay? A narration B description C exposition D argumentation,记叙文 描写文 说明文 议论文,-by Jade,Discourse analysis,What sequence/pattern does the author follow to compose the essay? A problem-solution B cause-effect C general-specific D time / chronological sequence,问题-解决(问答) 因果 概括-具体 时间 顺序,Scan the text, try to find out all the time words, expressions and clauses.,-by Jade,What is the story? Retell please.,since my childhood in Belleville (Para. 1) until my third year in high school (Para. 1) when our class was assigned to Mr. Fleagle for third-year English (Para. 2) late in the year (Para. 3) until the night before the essay was due (Para. 3) when I finished (Para. 6) next morning (Para. 6) two days passed (Para. 6) when I saw him lift my paper from his desk . (Para. 6) when Mr. Fleagle finished (Para. 9),-by Jade,Detailed learning,-by Jade,The idea of becoming a writer had come to me off and on since my childhood in Belleville, but it wasnt until my third year in high school that the possibility took hold.,从孩提时代，我还住在贝尔维尔时，我的脑子里就断断续续地转着当作家的念头，但直等到我高中三年级，这一想法才有了实现的可能。,the possibility of becoming a writer,Paragraph 1-1:,*,-by Jade,Words and Expressions:,off and on / on and off:,from time to time, now and again, irregularly,有时，不时地,断断续续地,他昨晚熬夜了，所以他在课堂上不时地打瞌睡。,He stayed up late last night. Thats why he dozed on and off in class.,-by Jade,take hold:,ideas/habits。 taken hold 。,Bad habits die hard. Thats why you should stop smoking before the habit takes hold.,Words and Expressions:,生根，确立,become established,坏习惯很难摆脱。这就是为什么/所以你在（抽烟）习惯养成前应该戒烟。,-by Jade,Until then Ive been bored by everything associated with English courses. I found English grammar dull and difficult. I hated the assignments to turn out long, lifeless paragraphs that were agony for teachers to read and for me to write.,在这之前，我对所有跟英文课沾边的事都感到腻味。我痛恨那些长而乏味的段落写作，老师读着受累，我写着痛苦。,Paragraph 1-2:,*,-by Jade,bore:,烦的要死 Bored to death. 饿得要命 Hungry to death.,Words and Expressions:,make sb. feel tired and lose interest,Pattern:,使（人）厌烦,-by Jade,associate: vt.,人们经常把中国和长城、埃及与金字塔联系起来。,People often associate China with the Great Wall, and Egypt with pyramids.,join or connect together; connect or bring in the mind,Words and Expressions:,联系，联想,-by Jade,Derivations:,Words and Expressions:,associate: vt.,联系，联想,（派生词）,an associate professor / editor,-by Jade,I hated the assignments to turn out long, lifeless paragraphs that were agony for teachers to read and for me to write.,我痛恨那些长而乏味的段落写作，老师读着受累，我写着痛苦。,compose / write 写作,painful,I found it painful to write long, boring essays as required by teachers; neither did teachers enjoy what I wrote.,Difficult sentences:,homework 作业,-by Jade,turn out:,American film studios turn out hundreds of films every year.,1. produce, make,Words and Expressions:,培养，生产、制造,The school has turned out some great scholars.,-by Jade,Words and Expressions:,turn out:,2. prove (to be),结果是，证明为,The weather report said it would be raining, but it turned out a fine day.,The plan turned out (to be) a failure.,-by Jade,Words and Expressions:,turn out:,3. shut off, switch off,关掉，熄灭,Please turn out the light before you go to bed.,-by Jade,Paragraph One,Heading of Para One: Bakers Feelings about English Courses.,-by Jade,Detailed learning,When did the story take place? How old is the author?,-by Jade,2. Cultural Background,Grade schools in the U.S.: U.S. students generally go through Kindergarten elementary school (to 5th or 6th grade.), middle school (grades 6-8 ) or junior high schools ( grades 7-9), high schools (grades 9-12 or 10-12).,“the third year in high school” (Para 1) equals “the eleventh grade” (Para 9).,-by Jade,When our class was assigned to Mr. Fleagle for third-year English I anticipated another cheerless year in that most tedious of subjects.,弗利格尔先生接我们的高三英文课时，我就准备着在这门最最单调乏味的课上再熬上沉闷的一年。,Paragraph 2-1:,What information we get from this phrase?,Before Mr. Fleagle became Bakers English teacher, all English courses were dull or boring.,Paraphrase this sentence:,When it was decided that Mr. Fleagle would teach us English druing my third year in high school, I expected the English course to be as boring as before.,-by Jade,Synonyms:,劳拉觉得乔治很无趣，所以决定不再见他。,Laura found George to be tedious and decided not to see him any more.,boring,Words and Expressions:,tedious:,boring and lasting for a long time,令人厌倦的，乏味的，烦人的,dull,deadly,-by Jade,Mr. Fleagle had a reputation among students for dullness and inability to inspire. He was said to be very formal, rigid and hopelessly out of date.,费利格尔先生在学生中以其说话干巴和激励学生无术而出名。据说他拘谨刻板，完全落后于时代。,Paragraph 2-2:,old-fashioned,sb is said/ reported/believed to be / do (据说，据报道，人们认为/相信) - It is said that,Opposite: up-to-date 最新的 fashionable 时尚的,-by Jade,Other collocations:,establish/build up/make reputation 树立/博得声誉,Words and Expressions:,reputation:,Have a reputation for 卓别林以喜剧而著名。,名声，声誉，名气,ruin reputation 损害名誉,-by Jade,The Presidents speech inspired us greatly.,Words and Expressions:,inspire:,fill (sb) with confidence, eagerness, etc.,激励， 启发，赋予（灵感）,Derivatives:,inspiration 灵感,Genius is 10% inspiration and 90% perspiration (汗水)。,-by Jade,To me he looked to be sixty or seventy and excessively prim. He wore primly severe eyeglasses, his wavy hair was primly cut and primly combed. He wore prim suits with neckties primly against the collar buttons of his white shirts. He had a primly pointed jaw, a primly straight nose, and a prim manner of speaking that was so correct, so gentlemanly, that he seemed a comic antique.,How many “prim” or “primly” are used? Translate them please.,Paragraph 2-3:,我看他有六七十岁了，古板之极。,他戴着古板的毫无装饰的眼镜，微微卷曲的头发剪得笔齐，梳得纹丝不乱。,他身穿古板的套装，白衬衣领扣外的领带打得一丝不苟。,他长着古板的尖下巴，古板的直鼻梁，说起话来一本正经，字斟句酌，彬彬有礼，活脱脱一个滑稽的老古董。,-by Jade,Mr. Fleagle,dullness & inability formal,rigid, out of date,excessively prim sixty or seventy primly severe wavy, primly cut & primly combed prim suit with . primly pointed primly straight prim, correct, gentlemanly,Reputaion: Impression: Age: Eyeglasses: Hair: Clothes: Jaw: Nose: Manner of speaking:,-by Jade,To me he looked to be sixty or seventy and excessively prim. He wore primly severe eyeglasses, his wavy hair was primly cut and primly combed. He wore prim suits with neckties primly against the collar buttons of his white shirts. He had a primly pointed jaw, a primly straight nose, and a prim manner of speaking that was so correct, so gentlemanly, that he seemed a comic antique.,Paragraph 2-3:,我看他有六七十岁了，古板之极。,他戴着古板的毫无装饰的眼镜，微微卷曲的头发剪得笔齐，梳得纹丝不乱。,他身穿古板的套装，白衬衣领扣外的领带打得一丝不苟。,他长着古板的尖下巴，古板的直鼻梁，说起话来一本正经，字斟句酌，彬彬有礼，活脱脱一个滑稽的老古董。,-by Jade,Describing people,Describing a person does not usually mean giving a detailed description of a persons physical appearance. A better way to answer the question is to say what sort of person he or she is and perhaps to mention a few noticeable characteristics.,-by Jade,Describing a person? How ?,1. Who is he? 2.His physical description 3. His clothing 4. His personality 5. His background,1.General personal impression 2. Age 3. Height, weight, build or figure 4. Face, hair, eyes, complexion,1.Interests, sports, and hobbies 2.Their life so far: achievements, family,-by Jade,Crayon is a famous cartoon image, which is popular among youth. He is a tiny little boy. Not much than 100cm tall, with plum round cheeks and big eyes. He wears a blue school uniform, with a matching hat. He is very naughty and cute.,-by Jade,-by Jade,Sister Lotus She is an internet celebrity (star). She is a plump woman, with long wavy hair and pink-and-white cheeks. She is spicy in a way, with a fancy evening dress.,-by Jade,Paragraph Two,Heading of Para. 2: Bakers Impression of His New English Teacher.,Part One: Main Idea,-by Jade,Part One: Main Idea,Para 1:,Para 2:,The main idea of Part One:,Baker was bored by everything associated with _, including _.,English courses,essay writing,Bakers feeling about English courses,Bakers impression of his new English teacher.,-by Jade,I prepared for an unfruitful year with Mr. Fleagle and for a long time was not disappointed.,我作好准备，打算在费利格尔先生的班上一无所获地混上一年，不少日子过去了，还真不出所料。,Paragraph 3-1:,一无所获，无所事事,What does the author really mean by saying: “I was not disappointed.”?,He means that his expectation was right that Mr. Fleagles lessons were dull.,-by Jade,Late in the year we tackled the informal essay. Mr. Fleagle distributed a home-work sheet offering us a choice of topics.,后半学期我们学写随笔小品文。弗利格尔先生发下一张家庭作业纸，出了不少题目供我们选择。,Paragraph 3-2:,-by Jade,Toshiba has recently designed a robot that can tackle almost any kinds of housework.,tackle:,Words and Expressions:,deal / cope with 东芝设计了一种机器人，几乎可以处理所有的家务。,应付，处理，解决,-by Jade,这种工厂遍布全国。,This kind of plant is distributed in many areas in China.,Words and Expressions:,distribute:,divide and give out among people, places, etc.,分发，分配，分送，分布,distribute leaflets,distribute test papers,distribute samples,散传单,送样品,发试卷,-by Jade,None was quite so simple-minded as “What I Did on My Summer Vacation,” but most seemed to be almost as dull. I took the list home and did nothing until the night before the essay was due.,我把作文题带回家，但一直到要交作业的前一天晚上还什么也没写。,Paragraph 3-3:,silly, dull,记暑假一件事，暑假见闻， 暑假二三事,What can we infer from this sentence?,Baker was unwilling to write his essay.,-by Jade,书明天到期。,The book is due tomorrow.,When is the rent due?,Words and Expressions:,due:,(to be) scheduled, arranged or expected (for a certain time or date),预定，约定，预期，该的,-by Jade,Words and Expressions:,due to:,owing to, because of,由于，由引起,The accident was due to careless driving.,The teams success was largely due to the efforts of all its members.,-by Jade,Lying on the sofa, I finally faced up to the unwelcome task, took the list out of my notebook, and scanned it. The topic on which my eye stopped was “The Art of Eating Spaghetti.”,我躺在沙发上，最终不得不面对这一讨厌的功课，便从笔记本里抽出作文题目单粗粗一看。我的目光落在“吃意大利细面条的艺术”这个题目上。,Paragraph 3-4:,-by Jade,Spaghetti with tomato sauce Is eating Spaghetti an art? For Chinese, hard to imagine! For westerners, Spaghetti is the staple food. Yes.,-by Jade,Eating spaghetti with a fork and a spoon . A polite way? Twirl the fork to gather the spaghetti around the prongs. chopsticks,-by Jade,既然你女儿已经出生了，你就应该承担起做父亲的责任。,In the competitive society, we will have to face up to every challenge before us.,Now that your daughter is born, youll have to face up to the responsibilities of being a father.,face up to:,Words and Expressions:,be brave enough to accept/deal with,勇敢地接受或对付,-by Jade,Other collocations:,face up to the fact that ,Words and Expressions:,face up to:,勇敢地接受或对付,face up to a problem,face up to a difficulty,-by Jade,Paragraph Three,Heading of Para. 3: A Topic That Attracts Bakers Attention,-by Jade,This title produced an extra-ordinary sequence of mental images.,这个题目在我脑海里唤起了一连串不同寻常的图像.,Paragraph 4-1:,-by Jade,Words and Expressions:,sequence:,set of events , numbers, actions, etc (in a particular order).,一连串相关的事物；次序，顺序,A sequence of bad harvests forced some African countries to ask for foreign aid.,连续的欠收迫使一些非洲国家请求外国援助。,-by Jade,Words and Expressions:,sequence:,一连串相关的事物；次序，顺序,Other collocations:,a sequence of dance movements,a sequence of good harvests,in sequence in rapid sequence in regular sequence,连续的舞蹈动作/舞步,连续的大丰收,连续地，有序地,一个接一个地，紧接着,有条不紊地，按次序,-by Jade,Many pop stars try to improve their public image by participating in charity events.,Other collocation:,self-image 自我形像,Words and Expressions:,image:,a picture formed in the mind,形像，印象，图象,-by Jade,Vivid memories came flooding back of a night in Belleville when all of us were seated around the supper table - Uncle Allen, my mother, Uncle Charlie, Doris, Uncle Hal - and Aunt Pat served spaghetti for supper. Spaghetti was still a little known foreign dish in those days. Neither Doris nor I had ever eaten spaghetti, and none of the adults had enough experience to be good at it.,Paragraph 4-2:,生动的，栩栩如生的,*,-by Jade,Vivid memories came flooding back of a night in Belleville when all of us were seated around the supper table - Uncle Allen, my mother, Uncle Charlie, Doris, Uncle Hal - and Aunt Pat served spaghetti for supper.,Difficult sentence:,Vivid memories came flooding back ,清晰的回忆如潮水一般涌来,Vivid memories of a night in Belleville when all of us came flooding back.,贝尔维尔之夜的清晰的回忆如潮水一般涌来，当时，我们 ,-by Jade,All the good humor of Uncle Allens house reawoke in my mind as I recalled the laughing arguments we had that night about the socially respectable method for moving spaghetti from plate to mouth.,艾伦舅舅家诙谐有趣的场景全都重现在我的脑海中，我回想起来，当晚我们笑作一团，争论着该如何地把面条从盘子上送到嘴里才算合乎礼仪。,respectable: socially acceptable 可敬的， 体面的 C.f.: respect respectable respectful respective,Paragraph 4-3:,-by Jade,I recognize the face but cant recall her name. I dont recall ever meeting her.,我认出这张脸，但不记得她的名字。我不记得见过她。,Words and Expressions:,recall:,1) bring back to mind, remember,Pattern: n. / v.-ing / that-clause,回想起，回忆起,-by Jade,Paragraph Four,Heading of Para 4 Vivid Memories the Title Brought Back -This paragraph serves as a flashback.,-by Jade,Suddenly I wanted to write about that, about the warmth and good feeling of it, but I wanted to put it down simply for my own joy, not for Mr. Fleagle. It was a moment I wanted to recapture and hold for myself. I wanted to relive the pleasure of that evening.,突然我就想描述那一切，描述当时那种温馨美好的气氛，但我把它写下来仅仅是想自得其乐，而不是为菲利戈尔先生而写。那时我想重新捕捉并珍藏在心中的一个时刻。我想重温那个夜晚的愉快。,*Paragraph 5-1:,write down,How many “wanted” are used? Think about the function of the repetition here.,-by Jade,To write it as I wanted, however, would violate all the rules of formal composition Id learned in school, and Mr. Fleagle would surely give it a failing grade. Never mind. I would write something else for Mr. Fleagle after I had written this thing for myself.,然而，照我希望的那样去写，就会违反我在学校里学的正式作文的种种法则，弗利格尔先生也肯定会打它一个不及格。,*Paragraph 5-2:,-by Jade,这些发现违背了物理原则。,Other collocations:,These findings appear to violate the laws of physics.,violate agreements / oath / human rights /ones privacy / a countrys sovereignty,Derivatives:,violation n.,violate:,Words and Expressions:,act against, break (a rule), disturb,违背，违反，侵犯,-by Jade,Paragraph Five,Heading of Para. 5: Bakers Sudden Desire to write about that Topic.,Part Two: Main Idea,-by Jade,Part Two: Main Idea,Para 3:,Para 4:,Para 5:,a topic that attracts Bakers attention,vivid memories the title brought back,Bakers sudden desire to write about the topic,Baker found himself attracted by _ and wrote about it _.,The main idea of Part Two:,one particular topic,for his own joy,-by Jade,When I finished it the night was half gone and there was no time left to compose a proper, respectable essay for Mr. Fleagle.,等我写完时已是半夜时分，再没时间为弗利格尔先生写一篇循规蹈矩、像模像样的文章了。,What can I do?,*Paragraph 6-1:,-by Jade,John Lennon composed the song “Beautiful Boy” for his son.,Words and Expressions:,compose:,1) write or create (music, poetry, etc.),写作，创作，谱曲,约翰为他的儿子写了一首歌。,-by Jade,compose, comprise, consist, make up, constitute, include, contain,c.f.,Words and Expressions:,compose:,2) make up, form,构成，组成,The medical team is composed of three doctors and two nurses.,-by Jade,There was no choice next morning but to turn in my tale of the Belleville supper. Two days passed before Mr. Fleagle returned the graded papers, and he returned everyones but mine.,第二天上午，我别无选择，只好把我为自己而写的贝尔维尔晚餐的故事交了上去。,There was no choice but to do sth. I could do nothing but do sth.,What would be the result?,*Paragraph 6-2:,-by Jade,turn on / off / down / up / back / out / over / to,Words and Expressions:,turn in:,hand in (work that one has done, etc.),交（作业）,You are required to turn in your homework in time.,For your final grade, each of you must turn in a 5-page composition.,c.f.,-by Jade,I was preparing myself for a command to report to Mr. Fleagle immediately after school for discipline when I saw him lift my paper from his desk and knock for the classs attention.,我正准备着遵命一放学就去弗利格尔先生那儿挨训，却看见他从桌上拿起我的作文，敲了敲桌子让大家注意听。,Whats the function of “when” in the sentence?,*Paragraph 6-3:,*,-by Jade,I was preparing myself for a command to report to Mr. Fleagle immediately after school for discipline ,Difficult Sentence:,I was sure that Mr. Fleagle would order me to see him soon after school for the purpose of punishing me,Why did Baker think that he would be punished?,Because to his mind this time he had violated the rules of formal composition and Mr. Fleagle returned everyones essays but his.,-by Jade,Words and Expressions:,command:,1) n. order,命令，指令,The president gave the command that all prisoners of war should be well treated.,2) n. possession and mastery,掌握，控制，运用能力,He has a good command of English language.,-by Jade,The captain commanded his men to leave the ship immediately.,The king commanded that the victory day become a national holiday.,3) v. give an order to,Words and Expressions:,command:,命令，指令,-by Jade,Words and Expressions:,discipline:,n. punishment; order kept (among school-children, soldiers, etc.),惩罚，处分；纪律；磨练,Collocations:,courage without discipline,匹夫之勇，蛮勇,enforce discipline,加强纪律,strict discipline,严格的训练,严明的纪律,-by Jade,He had just stripped off to sleep when the bell rang.,I was about to ask about his wife when I suddenly remembered they were getting