般现在时态和现在完成时态的区别.ppt

,现在完成时态与一般现在时态区别,1. 现在完成时: The Present Perfect Tense,构成： 助动词have (has) + 动词的过去分词 用法(1) ： 表示动作过去发生，现在已经完成，并与现在的情况有联系。通常和时间副词just, already, before, yet, never, ever等状语连用。例如： I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Ive just lost my science book.,现在完成时: The Present Perfect Tense,用法(2) ：表示动作或状态过去已经开始，持续到现在，可能还会持续下去，也可能刚刚结束。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状语连用。 如：for和since引导的时间短语，以及 so far, up to now, today, this week (month, year) 等。 I havent seen her these days. She has been ill for 3 years. They have lived here since 1990. 注意：这种“未完成”用法不适用于表示短暂动作或位置转移的词，如come, go, arrive, leave, die, marry, buy等。要与for或since引导的时间短语连用时，需用相对应的状态动词。如 come, go, arrive- die- leave- marry- buy-,be to/in,be away,be dead,be married,have,2.一般过去时与现在完成时之比较,(1) 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。如： I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了。） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） (2) 有些时间状语，如this morning, tonight等既可用于现在完成时，又可用于一般过去时，但意义上会有所差别。如： Jenny has had three cups of coffee this morning. Jenny had three cups of coffee this morning.,（讲话时还是上午）,（讲话时上午已经过去）,一般过去时与现在完成时之比较,(3) for所引导的时间短语既可用于现在完成时，也可用于一般过去时，但所表示的意义有明显区别。 I have lived in Guangzhou for ten years. I lived in Guangzhou for ten years.,I still live in Guangzhou.,I dont live in Guangzhou now.,(4) 句子中如有表示明确过去时间的副词（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，而要用一般过去时。例如： （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.,Exercise,例题分析：,1. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet,答案B；首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。,2. - Im sorry to keep you waiting. - Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be,答案A ； 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。,1. He stepped into the office, _ down and began to fill in the forms. A. Sitting B. to sit C. sat D. having it 2. She said she would telephone but we _from her so far. A.havent heard B.didnt hear C.hadnt heard D.wont hear 3. When I got to the cinema, the film_for ten minutes. A.has begun B.had begun C.had been on D.was 4. Come in, Peter, I want to show you something. Oh, how nice of you! I _ you _ to bring me a gift. A.never think; are going B.never thought; were going C.didnt think; were going D.hadnt thought; were going,5. “这本书我已经买了三个月了。”，下列哪一句不对？ A.I have had this book for three months. B.I have bought this book for three months. C.I bought this book three months ago. D.It is three months since I bought this book. 6. The old man _ two days after he had been sent to hospital. A. died B. would die C. had died D. has died 7. Old Mc