不定式to用法详解.ppt

动词不定式详解,课件设计： 课件制作： 总体计划：,一 不定式的句子功能,主语,1.To be here at Christmas time is my dream.,2. To go abroad is his dream.,3. To say is easy, to do is difficult.,（这时可将其用形式主语it来替换）,It is my dream to be here at Christmas time.,It is his dream to go abroad.,It is easy to say, it is difficult to do.,Its often difficult for me to decided what to do .,宾语 I want to buy a computer. She hopes to find a better job. I wish to go with you. Do you consider it better not to go ?,宾语补足语,She asked me to help her. The teacher told him to come on time. Edisons mother taught him to read and write. want sb to do wish sb to do get sb to do order sb to do find sb to be like sb to do would like sb to do help sb to do,作宾语补足语不带to 的情况:感觉动词、使役动词后面的 to 常省略，但是被动语态中的 to 不能省略,Let me do it. I saw him cross the street. 常见动词有： 使役动词: let, make, have 感官动词: see, watch, hear, feel, listen to,notice,observe 比较： I heard her singing in the next room. I heard her sing in the next room.,状语(adverbial),He came to show me his new CD player. I went there to see my teacher. She came back to get her English book. The boy was too frightened to move.,(目的),(目的),(目的),（结果）,表语,His work is to feed the animals.,Her job is to look after the patients.,My wish is to be a scientist.,定语,Give me something to drink.,I have two books to read.,They have much food to eat.,He asked for a room to live in.,I dont have a pen to write with.,The ice is hard enough to skate on.,He bought a toy to play with.,疑问词who, what, which, where, when, how 加to do可构成不定式短语，在句中可用作主语、 宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。,When to start has not been decided.,I dont know what to do.,He can tell you where to get the book.,The question is who(m) to ask.,(主语),(宾语),(宾语补足语),(表语),比较（Compare）,I dont know what to do. I dont know how to do it. I dont know what to do about it.,Exercises:,1. - Youve done very well this time. - Its really kind _. A. for you to say so B. for you saying so C. of you to say so D. of you saying so 2. It is better to lose ones life than _. A. if you lose your spirit B. losing his spirit C. to lose ones spirit D. your spirit getting lost,C,C,3. I cant work in this way. - Why not _ it in some other way? A. try to do B. try doing C. trying to do D. trying doing 4. Since you find it difficult _ a decision, youd better a discussion( 讨论) with your parents. A. reach; have B. reaching; have C. reach; having D. to reach; have,B,D,5. My father hates(痛恨) _. He never allows me _. A. to smoke; to smoke B. smoking; smoking C. smoke; smoking D. smoking; to smoke 6. The girl was beginning _. A. get angry B. to get angry C. getting angry D. angry,D,B,7. There isnt any difference between the two. I really dont know _. A. where to choose B. which to choose C. what to choose D. to choose which 8. The bag is too heavy for me _. A. to carry it B. not to carry it C. to carry D. not to carry 9. The teacher will teach him _. A. to use B. use it C. how to use it D. uses,B,C,C,找出句子中的不定式，并说出作用：,It takes you ten minutes to get there. I hope to see him soon. His wish is to become an artist. People eat to live, but not live to eat. I have a lot to tell you. Its not right to be always thinking of oneself. We often see him play football.,定语,主语,状语,表语,宾语,主语,宾语补足语,二 不定式的两种性质,a)回返性(不定式修饰的词是不定式动作逻 辑上的宾语) Do you have anything more to say? There is nothing to worry about. Lets find a room to put the bike in. We havent a chair to be seated in. I have a letter to write. I have a pen to write with. I have no ink to write in. I have no paper to write on.,（注意观察和思考）,b)时间性,动词不定式与谓语动作同时发生 : to be doing Theyre said to be building a bridge. We didnt expect you to be waiting for us here. 不定式后发生: to do sth They invited us to go there next week. 动词不定式先于谓语动作发生: to have done Hes said to have written a new novel. Im sorry not to have come on Wednesday.,三 特殊的动词,1). 只能后接动词-ing 形式作宾语的动词, 常见的有： avoid避免，miss错过，put off,delay,postponepsp-推迟 避免错过莫推迟 suggest建议,practice练习，finish,complete 建议练习早完成 keep保持，imagine想像, cant stand,canthelp禁不住 保持想象禁不住 admit承认,deny否认, mind介意 承认否认勿介意 escape逃避,risk,excuse原谅 逃避冒险可原谅 give up,quit放弃,envy妒忌,fancy,appreciate,enjoy喜欢 放弃妒忌皆喜欢 如：I cant avoid going我不能不去。,a)只能接动词-ing 形式作宾语的动词,b)只能接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有 1)manage尽量, prepare准备, fail失败 尽量准备免失败 2)choose,decide决定, determine决定, arrange安排 早做选定好安排 3)plan计划, seem看起来,refuse,decline拒绝 计划看来又遭拒 4),promise承诺,afford 承诺无价却能买 5)pretend ,agree ,expect 假装同意共期待 6)offer提供, demand要求,hope希望 要求提供望不再,四 注意几个容易混淆的短语,1） have sb do sth使某人做某事 have sb doing sth使某人不断做某事 not have sb doing sth不允许某人做某事 have sth to do sth有事情要做 have sth done 2） get sb to do sth 使某人做某事 get sb doing sth 使某人不停地做某事情 get sth done(vt) He couldnt get his car started just now. get doing(vi) Once she gets talking,its hard to stop her.,3)cease,start,begin ,continue/deserve(值得,应得) to do=cease等+doing 4)sb +need/want to do sth sth+need/want doing 5) consider(考虑) doing 6) consider(认为) sb/sth+to do sth 7) feel like doing sth dislike doing sth would like to do sth like doing/to do sth hate doing/to do sth 8)be worth doing=be worthy to be done/of being done,9)regret to do sth regret doing sth stop to do sth stop doing sth forget to do sth forget doing sth remember to do sth remember doing sth try to do sth try doing sth go on to do sth go on doing sth,五 “TO”的省略,(1) 两个动词不定式由 and、or、but、 than、except 等连接在一起时，第二个不定式常常省略 to Id like to lie down and go to sleep. Ill do anything but work on a farm. Do you want to have lunch now or wait till later? Its easier to persuade people than (to) force them.,(2) 口语中，在come、go、run、hurry up等动词后，可用and代替表示目的的动词不定式 Come and have a drink. Would you go and tell them to shut up? had better (not ) do sth. would rather do sth (than do sth) Hed rather watch TV than go to see a film. prefer to do sth rather than do sth Rather than wait, he prefers to go home on foot. Why (not) do sth?,(3) 1)情感动词后: like,love,hate,expect,hope,wish,want, prefer,refuse,agree,try,mean等 2)接不定式做宾补 : ask,tell,permit,allow,advise,warn,persuade等 3)情感adj后:glad,happy,delighted,pleased等 4). 在have to, ought to, be going to, used to等后,但:不定式是 “to be.“或者“to have done时,则be 或者have要保留 A:Are you the boss ? B:No,and I dont want to be (the boss.) He hasnt finished his homework yet though he is supposed to have (finished his homework.) -Are you a teacher? No, but I used to be (a teacher). John didnt come, but he ought to have (come).,六 动词不定式的复合结构,for sb to do sth Its a mistake for us not to help them. The coffee was too hot for me to drink. Its + adj. + of sb to do sth (kind, nice, brave, stupid, clever