GMW14400 2012 中文翻译版.pdf

GMW 14400 国际工程标准 1 / 30 GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS 全球工程标准 Material Specification 材料规范 GMW 14400 Pre-Coated or Uncoated Low Carbon, Heat-Treatable Boron Steel 预镀层或无镀层低碳可热处理硼钢 1 Scope 适用范围适用范围 This specification covers the requirements for low carbon, heat-treatable boron steel used in the manufacture of structural parts to manage very high tensile loads without significant deformation such as required in safety and occupant protection. 本规范涵盖了用于结构零件的低碳可热处理硼钢的要求，而这些零件应具有安全性和乘员保护性能，要求在没 有明显变形的情况下，具有很高的强度。 This material is heat treated and then formed and simultaneously quenched in a water cooled die in a process referred to as hot stamping, hot press forming or press hardening. 这种材料用于热冲压（或称热成形、压淬成形）工艺，经过加热，然后在水冷模具中成形并淬火。 Material produced by this process generally referred to as press hardened steel (PHS). 用于这种工艺的材料一般称作热成形钢（PHS）。 This process results in a part with a microstructure consisting of essentially 100% tempered martensite or martensite with trace amounts of bainite. 通过这种工艺得到的零件的金相组织是100%的回火马氏体或者含有极少量贝氏体的马氏体组织。 Note: For bonded applications with pre-coated press hardened steel, the material shall meet additional coating adhesion requirements in 3.2.7 and adhesive compatibility requirements in 3.3.2 注：注：如果预镀层热成形钢需要用于胶接工艺，则材料应该满足3.2.7节镀层附着性的附加要求和3.3.2节胶粘剂适 用性的要求。 1.1 Material Description. 材料说明。材料说明。 The material designation is defined by the GMW material specification number, material category (Sheet or Tubular product), steel product type, grade, and finish type. 根据GMW材料规范定义了材料编号、材料类型（板材或管材）、板材类型、牌号和最终产品类型。 The substrates used in these applications may be cold rolled or hot rolled, but the product type is designated as heat treated (HT) or hot stamped (HS), as appropriate. 应用于热冲压的母材可以是冷轧或热轧的，但是产品类型根据情况不同定义为热处理（HT）或热冲压（HS）。 The steel grades will correspond to the chemical and mechanical requirements as shown in Table 2 and Table A1 through Table A3. 钢的牌号对应于其化学性能和机械性能如表2和表A1至A3所示。 The surface quality, represented as an alpha character, shall be designated with the surface quality. 首字母来表示产品表面质量。 GMW 14400 国际工程标准 2 / 30 Only the surface quality designation of U, representing an unexposed application, shall be used unless otherwise approved by Materials Engineering. 除了材料工程师认可的其他情况外，只能使用表面质量定义为 U 的材料，U 表示非暴露条件。 The above descriptive items are used together to form the coding system. 编码系统是由上述描述性条款组成。 Examples of the coding system for engineering part drawings, electronic math data files and/or manufacturing engineering documents are shown in Section 8. 第 8 节介绍了工程零件图、数模文件和/或制造工程文件中编码系统应用实例。 1.1.1 Resistance Welded Mechanical Tubing. 电阻焊管。电阻焊管。 Tubes supplied to this specification are roll formed from a steel strip to the desired shape and dimension, electrical resistance welded into a tube, and then heat treated to achieve the final mechanical property requirements. 本规范中的管件都是带钢通过滚压成形得到需要的形状和尺寸，电阻焊成圆管，然后热处理获得最终的机械性 能。 1.1.2 Induction Heat Treated Steel. 电感应热处理钢。电感应热处理钢。 Part sections formed with this operation and supplied under this standard shall be made by stamping in the as-rolled condition. The raw stamping can be selectively coil induction hardened to achieve the required strength requirements. Al-Si, Zn, Zn-Fe, or Zn-Ni pre-coated products shall not be used in these applications. 该零件制造方法是对轧制状态的料片进行冲压，有选择性地对零件的所需部位进行电感线圈感应淬火，以获得 需要的强度。但是该方法不适用于铝硅镀层、锌镀层、锌铁镀层和锌镍镀层产品。 1.1.3 Hot-stamped Die-Quenched Steel. 冲压淬火钢冲压淬火钢。 Parts shall be made by austenitizing a pre-cut blank, hot stamping the heated blank and rapid cooling (quenching) the stamped part in the die or via water quenching. 将预先切好的料片加热达到奥氏体状态，然后进行热冲压，并在模具中快速冷却（淬火）或者水冷淬火得到最 终零件。 Press hardened steel (PHS) can be formed by either direct or indirect stamping processes. 热成形钢是通过直接或者间接冲压方法成形的。 The direct process is considered as main-stream for all usages (except tubes). 直接方法被认为是主要的方法（除了管材）。 The indirect process is less common and more expensive since it requires two dies and is not compatible with common oven designs and press systems. 间接方法不常用，并且比较贵。这是因为它需要两副模具，而且与普通加热炉和压机系统也不匹配。 Note: Since the indirect stamping process is not globally available, the indirect process must not be used (or parts designed to require its use) without the prior authorization of the Global Functional Lead (GFL). 提示：提示：由于间接冲压方法没有全球化的应用，在得到GFL授权之前禁止使用（除非设计要求）。 Use of the indirect process implies that effected part cannot be used globally without driving excessive cost to ship stamped parts globally. 间接方法的使用意味着如果不增加运输成本，相关的零件不能全球通用。 Exception: The indirect process is globally available and can be used without prior approval only for tubular products such as axle tubes. 例外：对于管类零件如轴管，间接方法是全球应用的，对零件采用间接热冲压不需要经过授权。 GMW 14400 国际工程标准 3 / 30 1.1.3.1 Uncoated Products. 无镀层产品。无镀层产品。 Parts formed with uncoated steel and supplied under this standard shall be subsequently blasted to remove oxide from the surface as described in section 3.3.3.2. 在本标准中，无镀层零件成形后必须经过喷丸处理，以去除其表面氧化物，详细描述见 3.3.3.2。 1.1.3.2 Pre-Coated Products. 预镀层产品。预镀层产品。 Parts formed with a hot stamping operation may also utilize pre-coated steels furnished according to this specification in order to eliminate the need for blasting and/or improve corrosion performance. 在本标准中，由热冲压形成的零件也可以使用预镀层钢料，以省去喷丸工序或是提高防腐蚀性能。 Aluminum-Silicon (Al-Si) Pre-Coatings: Al-Si coated parts shall not be cold-stamped prior to the hot stamping operation, but slight roll-forming operations may be allowable if the coating is not damaged. Blasting is not permitted for Al-Si pre-coated parts to prevent damage of the coating. 铝铝-硅（硅（Al-Si）预镀层：）预镀层：铝-硅镀层的零件在热冲压之前不允许进行冷冲压，但是在不破坏镀层的前提下，允许 小变形量的滚压成形。Al-Si预镀层零件不允许喷丸处理，以免破坏镀层。 Zinc Based Pre-Coatings. Parts are preferably stamped by the direct hot stamping process. After hot forming and cooling, parts shall be blasted to remove any oxide layer from the surface as described in section 3.3.3.2. 锌锌基基预镀层：预镀层：最好使用直接热冲压的方法冲压零件。在热冲压和冷却之后，零件必须经过喷丸处理，以去除其 表面氧化物，详细描述见 3.3.3.2 节。 1.1.4 Material Call-Outs.材料材料命名命名。 The list of material and coating designations shown in Table 1 are the only approved material call-outs that can be released unless Materials Engineering and the appropriate Global Subsystem Leadership Team approves. 只有表1所列的材料和镀层的名称是被认可并可以使用的。其它的材料名称需要得到材料工程师和相应的 GSSLT的批准。 Table 1. Approved Material Call-Outs 表表1. 认可的材料认可的材料命名命名 Material Call-Out 材料材料命名命名 Coating System 镀层分类镀层分类 Material Description 材料材料说明说明 GMW14400M-ST-S-HS1300T/950Y- MS-UNCOATED-U Uncoated 无镀层 Uncoated press hardened steel stampings 无镀层热成形钢冲压制品 GMW14400M-ST-S-HT1475T/1170Y - MS-UNCOATED-U Uncoated 无镀层 Uncoated induction heat treated products 无镀层电感应热处理产品 GMW14400M-ST-T-HT1475T/1170Y - MS-UNCOATED-U Uncoated 无镀层 Uncoated welded and heat treatable tubular product 无镀层电阻焊热处理管状产品 GMW14400M-ST-S-HS1300T/950Y- MS-AS60G60G-U AlSi 铝硅 Al-Si coated press hardened steel stampings 铝-硅镀层热成形钢冲压制品 GMW14400M-ST-S-HS1300T/950Y- MS-AS40G40G-U AlSi 铝硅 Al-Si coated press hardened steel stampings 铝-硅镀层热成形钢冲压制品 GMW 14400 国际工程标准 4 / 30 GMW14400M-ST-S-HT1475T/1170Y - MS-AS60G60G-U AlSi 铝硅 Al-Si coated induction heat treated products 铝-硅镀层电感应热处理产品 GMW14400M-ST-T-HT1475T/1170Y - MS-AS60G60G-U AlSi 铝硅 Al-Si coated welded and heat treatable tubular products 铝-硅镀层电阻焊热处理管状产品 1.2 Symbols. Not applicable. 符号。符号。不适用。 1.3 Typical Applications.典型应用。典型应用。 Typical applications are uncoated or pre-coated sheet metal stampings and thin gauge tubular structural parts requiring tensile strengths exceeding 1300 MPa and 500 MPa respectively. Typical applications include door impact beams, bumper impact beams, and structural reinforcements for side impact and roof strength. 典型应用为裸板或预镀层板冲压件和薄壁管结构零件，要求强度超过1300MPa和500MPa。典型应用包括车门 防撞梁、保险杠防撞梁和碰撞结构的加强件。 1.4 Remarks. 注意。注意。 See Table B1 in Appendix B for cross-referenced/ superseded specifications. 详见相互参照/替代规范附录 B 中的表 B1。 2 References 参考参考 Note: Only the latest approved standards are applicable unless otherwise specified. 注释：注释：无特殊情况，只可使用最新的标准。 2.1 External Standards/ Specification. 外部标准外部标准/规范。规范。 ASTM A370 ASTM E1077 ISO 6892 JIS Z2201 ASTM A428 EN 10247 ISO 7438 SAE J419 ASTM A513 EN 10346 ISO 10275 SEP 1160 ASTM A751 ISO 898-1 ISO 18594 ASTM E45 ISO 4287 ISO/TS 16949 2.2 GM Standards/ Specifications. GM 标准标准/规范规范 GMW 8 GMW 3335 GMW 14729 GMW 15282 GMW 3011 GMW 14019 GMW 14829 GMW 16549 GMW 3059 GMW 14700 GMW 14872 GMW 16579 GMW 3224 GMW 14704 GMW 15200 2.3 Additional References. 补充参考补充参考 Best Practice BODYSTR-33. The supplier shall work with the GM responsible engineer to comprehend this requirement. 最好的练习BODYSTR-33。供应商应该协同GM的相关工程师一起理解遵守该要求。 GWS-5A (available at weld.council ). GWS-5A（参考链接weld.council ） Statement of Requirements (SOR) Appendix N. 要求清单（SOR）参考附录N TMC003 Material Safety Data Sheet guidance documents (available at ). GMW 14400 国际工程标准 5 / 30 TMC003 材料安全数据表格指导文件。（参考链接 ） 3 Requirements 要求要求 The following section defines specific requirements for material on delivery, processing, performance and other stages during life cycle. Deviations required for individual GM business units are listed in the Deviations at the end of this document. 对材料的运送、生产、性能和生命周期内的其它阶段，以下部分都有具体的要求。各地 GM 分公司允许的例外 在文档最后的特殊情况部分列出。 Parts supplied according to this specification shall undergo successful trials that fully meet end product requirements. In the event of any changes to the heat treatment and/or manufacturing process to which the part was successfully validated, the appropriate engineering group must be notified and the part must be tested and re-qualified to the proper PPAP level as determined by GM. 供应商提供的部件必须根据本规范通过试验，满足成品要求。如果已经得到认证的热处理和（或）制造工艺有 任何改变，必须通知相应的工程组，该部件也必须测试，重新获得 GM PPAP 的认证。 Hot stampers are required to maintain a consistent source of steel supply and to use GM approved suppliers listed in GMs MATSPC system. 热成形零件供应商要保持其稳定的原材料来源，并且使用GM认可的供应商，这些供应商将会显示在GM的 MATSPC系统中。 3.1 Requirements on Test Specimens. Not Applicable. 试验样本要求。试验样本要求。不适用。 3.2. Engineering Requirements. 工程要求。工程要求。 3.2.1 Chemistry. 化学性质。化学性质。 Base metal composition based on product (coil, or sheet/blanks) analysis determined per ASTM A751 shall conform to the requirements of Table 2 and/or shall be agreed upon between supplier and purchaser. When end product (coil/blank) test results are not available, ladle analysis may be used. Chemical composition on the end product is the referee method. 按照 ASTM A751 对产品（包卷材、片材）的基本金属成分进行分析，应符合表 2 中的要求，并且（或）供货 商与采购者就此达成一致。如果不能获得最终产品（卷料或板料）的分析结果，可以使用钢包分析的结果。以 最终产品的化学成分分为仲裁方法。 Table 2: Chemical Composition, Mass % note1 表表 2：化学成分，质量：化学成分，质量% 注释注释1 Press Hardened Steel 热成形钢热成形钢 Carbon 碳 0.19% to 0.27% Manganese 锰 1.00% to 1.50% Aluminum 铝 0.010% Silicon 硅 0.50% Phosphorus 磷 0.030% Sulfur 硫 0.005% Chromium 铬 0.35% Titanium 钛 0.020% to 0.055% Nitrogen 氮 0.010% Boron 硼 0.0005% to 0.004% Note 1: See Table D1 in the deviations section for high hardenability alloy chemistry. GMW 14400 国际工程标准 6 / 30 注释 1：参看特殊情况章节中的表 D1，高淬硬性合金的化学性质。 3.2.2 Surface Lubrication. 表面润滑。表面润滑。 Steel supplied to this specification shall be coated with a designated lubricant (e.g., mill oil or pre-lube) and comply with GMW14019. Requirements for lubrication of post hot stamped parts are included in paragraph 3.3.3.2 适用于本规范的钢板都应覆盖一层制定的润滑剂（如轧钢油或预润滑），并遵守GMW 14019规范。3.3.3.2节中 详细介绍了热成形后润滑剂的使用要求。 3.2.3 Mechanical Property Requirements. 机械机械性能性能要求。要求。 The 0.2% Offset Yield Strength, Tensile Strength and Percent Total Elongation shall be determined in the longitudinal direction per GMW3335 for cold-formed parts. The test direction is not critical for finished, hot-formed parts. Tests shall be performed using samples per ISO 6892 Type I (50 mm gage length ASTM type sample), ISO 6892 Type II (80 mm gage length DIN type sample), or JIS Z2201 (No. 5). 对于冷成形零件，需要依据 GMW3335 规定，在零件长度方向上检测其屈服强度（0.2） 、抗拉强度和延伸率。 检测方向对于最终的热成形零件并不重要。试验将采用 ISO 6892型（50 毫米标距的 ASTM 样件） 、ISO 6892 型（80 毫米标距的 DIN 样件）或者 JIS Z2201（No.5）进行。 When specified for cold stamped applications, the strain hardening exponent n value shall be determined per ISO 10275. The specific strain level shall be reported with all test results. The strain hardening exponent n value shall be determined at 10% to 20% strain, or at 10% to end of uniform elongation when uniform elongation is 20%. The specific strain range shall be reported with all test results. The determination of strain hardening exponent n value does not apply to post heat-treated parts or for parts that are direct hot formed. 若需精确结果，冷作硬化指数 n 值应根据 ISO 10275 测定。所有实验结果中的具体应力值都应记录。冷作硬化 指数 n 值应在应变值的 10%-20%范围内确定，或当均匀延伸率小于 20%时，从应变值的 10%到均匀延伸阶段结 束。具体的应变范围必须记录。这种冷作硬化指数 n 值的测定方法不适用于热处理后的零件或直接热成形的零 件。 3.2.3.1 Base Metal Mechanical Property Requirements. 基材基材机械性能机械性能要求。要求。 Cold rolled steel supplied to this specification for direct hot stamping operations shall be in the “full hard” or non heat treated condition and hot rolled steel shall be supplied with “as rolled” mechanical properties unless otherwise agreed upon. Hot Steel supplied for induction heat treating after forming shall conform to the pre-heat treat requirements in Table A2. 适用于本规范的用于直接热冲压的冷轧钢应该在“全硬”或者未经热处理的状态，热轧钢应该具备“轧制状态” 的机械特性，除非有其它的约定。用于成形后感应热处理的热成形钢应满足表A2中热处理前的要求。 3.2.3.2 Finished Part Mechanical Property Requirements. 最终产品机械最终产品机械性能性能要求。要求。 All hot stamped parts shall meet the mechanical property requirements shown in Tables A1, A2 and A3 depending on the specific application and manufacturing process. 根据应用范围和制造工艺，所有的热成形零件都应该相应地满足表A1、A2、A3中的机械性能要求。 3.2.4 Bend Test Requirements. 弯曲试验要求。弯曲试验要求。 Bend testing of heat treated and quenched material shall be performed according to ISO 7438 using a free bend test, referred to as: “bending device with two supports and a former”. The material shall be capable of being bent, both longitudinally and transverse to rolling direction, through 130 degrees (outside bend angle, GMW 14400 国际工程标准 7 / 30 , as shown below) on a three point free bend with the ends unrestricted with bend radii as shown in Table 3 for the steel thickness being evaluated. 应根据ISO 7438标准进行热处理和淬火材料的自由弯曲试验，即“由两个支撑和一个冲头构成的弯曲试验装 置”。材料在轧制方向和垂直与轧制方向都应能够在两端自由三点弯曲试验装置上弯曲到130度（外角度， 如下所示），弯曲半径根据评估材料的厚度不同如表3所示。 Table 3. Sheet Thickness and Radii for Bend Testing 表表3. 弯曲试验弯曲试验钢板钢板厚度和半径厚度和半径 Sheet thickness: 钢板厚度： Bending radius: 弯曲半径： Bending angle : 弯曲角度： t 1.5 mm r = 5 mm 130 without any visible cracks into the base material 基体材料没有明显 的裂纹 1.5t 2.5 mm r = 10 mm After bending, the convex side of the specimen is examined for cracks. Samples that pass this test will not exhibit visible cracks in the base metal but may exhibit cracks in the coating. In order to facilitate visual examination, the coating may be removed in dilute acid after bend testing or cracks may be evaluated in cross-sectioned samples. Cracks in the base metal and originating from the edge of the sample that are less than the nominal thickness of the sample in length are considered acceptable. 弯曲之后，检查试样弯角外侧的裂纹情况。通过该实验的样本，基体材料应没有明显的裂纹，但是镀层可能会 有明显的裂纹。为了方便可视化检查，弯曲试验之后可用弱酸去除镀层，或者评估试样截面的裂纹。如果基体 上出现源于试样边缘且其长度小于试样厚度，则认为是可接受的。 3.2.4.1 Base Metal Bend Test. 金属基材弯曲试验。金属基材弯曲试验。 Bend testing is required for steel supplier qualification. For initial steel supplier qualification, samples shall be taken from production representative coils and the samples shall be heat treated in a production representative heat treatment process. If this process is not known, as in the case of qualification of a new steel supplier, heat treatment shall follow process described in 3.2.4.1.1. Heat treated material shall be able to pass the bend test requirements as described in 3.2.4. 钢板供应商认证时需要进行弯曲试验。对于最初的材料供应商认证，应从能够代表供货产品的卷料中取样，试 样的热处理也要采用能代表生产工艺的热处理方法。如果不知道该工艺方法，例如认证一家新的材料供应商， 应该遵照 3.2.4.1.1 节中表述的热处理方法进行。热处理材料应该满足 3.2.4 节中的弯曲试验要求。 3.2.4.1.1 Bend Test Sample Preparation. 弯曲试验弯曲试验试样试样准备。准备。 If flat panels are required for testing, they may be prepared by the process parameters used for the particular metal/coating combination as established by the production source to achieve required hardness and properties. 如果要测试平板，试样准备应该按照生产商为了获得所需的硬度和性能而制定的特殊金属/镀层工艺参数。 If these parameters are unknown or if a standard uncoated or Al-Si coated PHS is required, the samples may be prepared by heating to 900 C in pre-heated, an open air oven and held at that temperature for 5 minutes. 如果不知道这些参数，或者对无镀层、铝硅镀层的热成形钢（PHS）进行检测，试样可以在开放式加热炉加热 GMW 14400 国际工程标准 8 / 30 到900并保温5分钟。 The samples shall then be allowed to cool in the air for 7 seconds followed quenching in a water cooled die with a similar cooling rate to the production process or by immersion in a room temperature water bath. In each case, the mechanical properties should be verified to ensure the material is properly quenched. 允许试样在空气中冷却7秒， 接着用具有和产品生产时相同冷却速度的水冷模具来淬火，或者把试样浸没在室温 下的水里进行淬火。每种情况下，都应检测机械特性以保证得到完全淬火。 Note: If the panels have a zinc based coating the selected temperature and soak times shall be based upon established practices developed by the steel supplier for the specific coating and must be reported along with any test data. 注意事项：如果板料是锌基镀层的，那么加热温度和保温时间的选择都应该按照钢板供应商针对特殊镀层提供 的经验参数，并且必须随实验数据一并报告。 3.2.4.2 Bend Test for Heat Treated Parts. 热处理零件弯曲试验。热处理零件弯曲试验。 Heat treated parts shall meet the bend test requirements as described in paragraph 3.2.4. Hot stampers are not required to perform routine bend testing, however, they may elect to do so as part of their quality control plans. 热处理零件应满足3.2.4节描述的弯曲试验要求。热成形零件供应商不要求进行常规性弯曲试验，但是可以选择 作为其质量控制计划。 If parts are not of sufficient size to provide the specified size of sample, flat samples may be heat treated in a production representative process and used to verify conformance to bend test requirements. 如果零件没有足够尺寸来提供规定尺寸的试样，则可以采用与产品生产工艺相同的平板试样来验证弯曲性能要 求。 3.2.5 Additional Requirements for Pre-Coated Steels for Hot Stamping 热冲压预镀层钢附加要求热冲压预镀层钢附加要求 The follow