初中英语-语法填空解题方法.ppt

专 题 训 练 语法填空 Teacher: Miss Agree,题型概说,常用的动词与动词搭配,解题技巧,在做语法填空题时,可以用一种 “自上而下” 的思路去思考答案。即可以从 “篇章，句子，词汇”三个层面去考虑。,一、整体了解文章主旨，把握语篇特征 二、理解句子意思，分析句子结构 三、根据篇、句意思，推敲用词形式 四、通篇重读，保证语意贯通 五、单词归纳,整体了解文章主旨，把握语篇特征,1、文章主旨要义理解， 2、作者观点、意图、立场 3、句与句之间的关系 正确理解上下文的意思及各种语篇标志。（因果关系、转折关系、递进关系等） 4、时态变换,首先要通读文章,了解文段中谈及的要点发生的时间、地点、原因、人物及其关系等,文章的意思决定了选词。 其次,要通过字里行间的意思 推断作者的观点、意图、立场,如:作者同意什么,反对什么,喜好什么,憎恶什么,主张什么等等,这种理解直接影响你的填词决定。,句与句之间的关系是另一重要方面。 你必须要正确理解上下文的意思及各种语篇 标志。例如:上下文是如何衔接的,上下文的 意思是因果关系,还是转折关系、或是递进 关系等。 最后是你做题前,要特别关注整篇文章的时态变换。要把有关的表示时空顺序的标志词及时间状语画出来,看看是否发生了变化,为什么发生变化。,理解句子意思，分析句子结构 了解文章整体意思后,必须看清各个句子的意思,尤其是含有空格的句子的意思。 分析句子结构是答题过程中很关键的一步。一个句子的最关键词是它的主要谓语动词及其相应主语,这一套主谓结构就是该句的主句。其他成分,如宾语、表语、补语、状语、定语等都是附加成分。 做题时，首先弄清楚句子的基本结构，确定“主谓宾”成分，看看该句子缺不缺少谓语动词。然后再考虑非谓语动词或者其他扩展成分。此外，我们还可以用其他方法来分析句子的结构，确定填什么词。,1）翻译提示法 有时候,对句子的翻译会大大提高我们的正确答题率,如:,an,Jumping out of _ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite_ exciting experience.,从一万英尺高的一架飞机上跳下来是一次非常令人兴奋的经历。,an,Which do you enjoy _(spend) your spare time, playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park? 分析: 此句根据意群可分成Which do you enjoy 及_your spare time和playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park三块, enjoy的宾语是 playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park,而_your spare time部分应该是一个表示目的不定式。,2）意群切分法 意群就是句子中根据逻辑关系和语法结构,有一定独立性的,可以切割开的更小的部分。解题时,将句子的意群分离清楚并理顺其逻辑关系,有助于确定正确答案。如:,Which do you enjoy _(spend) your spare time, playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park?,to spend,enjoy doing sth,The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ (carry out) the next year.,3）结构还原法 由于汉英结构的差别,英语句子中的定语、状语的位置往往与其所修饰的部分发生分离现象,解题时,将位置发生了变化的结构还原会使解题更容易。,They would like to see the plan _(carry out) the next year,see sth done,carried out,No matter how frequently _(perform), the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.,4）结构补全法 将被省略的部分还原,补充为一个完整的句子。如:,分析: 将从句中被省略的部分还原为: No matter how frequently they are _.就不难确定正确答案为performed。,performed,The country life he was used to _(change) greatly since 1992.,5）简化结构法 去掉插入语、修饰语、附加结构、某些从句等,将原本比较复杂的句子简化,有助于我们看清句子结构。,The country life he was used to _ (change) greatly since 1992.,has changed,分析: 如果我们去掉country life 的定语从句 he was used to ,将原句简化为The country life _ greatly since 1992.那么可以确定正确 答案为has changed。,The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ (not make )it more difficult.,6）结构对比法 某些句子结构的前后部分往往包含完全相同或者平衡的语法结构,我们可以通过对前后结构的类比辨析来确定正确答案。如;,not to make,The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ (not make )it more difficult.,not to make,分析: 本句考查的是互相比较的两个动词不定式作表语的用法。正确答案为not to make,Many people agree that _ knowledge of English is a must in _ international trade today.,7）后空确认法 当一个句子含有两个空格是,不一定非要从第一个入手,而是从第二个空格来确定答案,即在两个考点的提目中不一定非要从第一个入手,而是从有把握的入手,寻找解题的突破口。如:,Many people agree that _ knowledge of English is a must in _ international trade today.,a,/,分析: 该题的时间状语today并不是修饰international trade ,而是修饰整个句子,所以international trade 并非特指,其前边不需要冠词, 因此,可确定第一格答案为a,第二格可不填。,实践与提高 Practice makes perfect!,1.More than a dozen students in that school _ (send) abroad to study medicine last year. 2.My brother is an actor. He_ (appear) in several films so far. 3.Mr White _ (arrive) at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up.,were sent,has appeared,should have arrived,4. Not only I but also Jane and Mary_(be) tired of having one examination after another, so we will complain to the teacher. 5.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ (not make) it more difficult.,not to make,are,A proverb says, “Time is money.” But in my opinion time is even _1_ precious than money. Why? _2_ when money is spent, we earn it back. However, when time is _3_ it will never return. _4_ is known to all that the time we can use is limited. Therefore we should make _5_ use of our time to study hard so as to serve out country in _6_ future. But it is a pity that there are a lot of people _7_ do not realize the value of time. They _8_ their precious time smoking, drinking and playing. In a ward, we should form the good habit of _9_(save)time. Do not put off what can be done today _10_ tomorrow.,A proverb says, “Time is money.” But in my opinion time is even _1_ precious than money. Why? _2_ when money is spent, we earn it back. However, when time is _3_ it will never return. _4_ is known to all that the time we can use is limited. Therefore we should make _5_ use of our time to study hard so as to serve out country in _6_ future. But it is a pity that there are a lot of people _7_ do not realize the value of time. They _8_ their precious time smoking, drinking and playing. In a ward, we should form the good habit of _9_(save)time. Do not put off what can be done today _10_ tomorrow.,A proverb says, “Time is money.” But in my opinion time is even _1_ precious than money. Why? _2_ when money is spent, we earn it back. However, when time is _3_ it will never return. _4_ is known to all that the time we can use is limited. Therefore we should make _5_ use of our time to study hard so as to serve out country in _6_ future. But it is a pity that there are a lot of people _7_ do not realize the value of time. They _8_ their precious time smoking, drinking and playing. In a ward, we should form the good habit of _9_(save)time. Do not put off what can be done today _10_ tomorrow.,more,Because,gone,It,full,the,who,spend,saving,until/till,in my opinion 我认为 Therefore 因此 ，所以 It is known to all that 是众所周知的 So as to 为了 in the future 在将来 It is a pity that 真遗憾 form the good habit of 形成良好的习惯 spend +时间/金钱 +(in) doing sth 花金钱/时间做某事,I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountain. The sun was setting when my car _1_ (break) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to _2_ should have the honor of receiving me _3_ a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me _4_ (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was trying up his horse to my car to pull it to _5_ small town some 20 kilometers away _6_ there was a garage.,I had noticed three hens running free in my hostesss courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table. _7_ villagers brought me goats cheese and honey, We drank together and talked _8_ (merry) till far into the night. When the time came for me say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old man _9_ the trouble I had cause _10_.,I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountain. The sun was setting when my car down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to should have the honor of receiving me a guest in their hous