英语写作要领范文.doc

英语写作要领范文 英语写作要领 一.中国式英语 1.汉式表达(Chinglishwayofexpression) (错)However,everythinghasitsblackside. (对)However,therearetwosidestoeverythingeverythinghasitsdrawbackseverythinghasitsprosandconsnothingisperfect. 2.Inaword,Iwanttofindajobthatfitsme,andmoneyandotherthingsareoutofthought. Inaword,Iwanttofindajobthatsuitsme,andmoneyandotherthingsarenotmychiefconcern 2.Peoplenowhaveconditiontoeatgoodthings. PeoplenowcanaffordnutritiousfoodHigh-qualityfoodisnowwithinpeoplesreach. 3.JustopentheTVset,youcanknoweverything,andwonthavetogoout. SimplybyswitchingontheTVset,youcanlearneverythingwithouthavingtogoout. 4.TVcanwidenoureyes. WatchingTVcanbroadenourmindshorizons. 5.Weyoungpeoplearenowliveinsugarwater. Weyoungpeoplenowliveafortablelife. 二.汉式“有”的概念 1.Thechiefreasonforthechangehavefivepoints Therearefivereasonsforthechange. 2.Trafficisaseriousproblem,oneofthereasonsisthatShanghaihaveovertenmillionpeople. Trafficisaseriousproblem,andoneofthereasonsisthatthereareovertenmillionpeopleinShanghai. 三.汉式“后”的概念 (错)Afteritsbiglibraries,whatFudanUniversityattractsmeisitsmodernlaboratories. Secondonlytoitsbiglibraries,theattractionofFudanUniversityformeisitsmodernlaboratories. (错)Somenaturalresourcessuchasoilandcoalwillbeusedupafter50years.(对)Somenaturalresourcessuchasoilandcoalwillbeusedupin50years.(错)Afterfouryears,theygraduatedfromtheuniversity. Fouryearslater,theygraduatedfromtheuniversity. 四.汉式“越来越少”的概念 (错)Nowadays,youngpeoplewhoseektogoabroadarebeingmoreandmore.(对)Nowadays,moreandmoreyoungpeopleareseekingtogoabroad. (错)Peoplebegintoeatgrainlessandless,whiletheyeatfruitmoreandmore.(错)Withthedevelopmentofcities,greenlandbeesmoreandmoreless. (对)Withthedevelopmentofcities,theamountofgreenlandisdecreasingevermorerapidly. 五.汉式的多个动词连用 1.错:Peoplethinkgotomoviewillcostalotofmoney. 对:Peoplethinkgoingtomoviewillcostalotofmoney. 2.错:ThebestwaytothetrafficproblemIShanghaiisbuildsubways. 对:ThebestwaytosolvethetrafficprobleminShanghaiistobuildsubways. 3.错:Therearemanypeopletakepartinsportsnow. 对:Therearemanypeoplewhotakeparttakingpartinsportsnow. 4.错:Makecitiesgreenerhasmanyadvantages. 5.对:Makingcitiesgreenerhasmanyadvantages. 错:Nowpeoplegoabroadisnoteasy. 对:Itisnoteasyforpeopletogoabroadnow. 6错:Althoughdifficultyisexist,butwecanovereit. 对:Althoughdifficultiesexist,wecanoverethem 六汉式的形容词用法 错:Tooeasyortoodifficultyisnogoodforus. 对:Bookswhicharetooeasyortoodifficultarenotgoodforus. 错：Sportsarelikedbyolds,youngmenandwomen,fortheybringyouhappy.对：Sportsarelikedbypeopleofallagesandbothsexes,fortheybringhappiness.错：Oldmenlikecalm,whileyoungpeoplelikeactive. 对：Oldmenlikepeacefullife,whilepeoplepreferanactiveone. 七汉式的无主语句 1错：Withoutelectricity,theworldbeedarkandevenunabletoseeafinger.对：Withoutelectricity,theworldwouldbeesodarkthatapersoncouldnotevenseeahandinfrontofhisface. 3.错:Readingbookscanacquireknowledge. 对：Throughreading,onecanacquireknowledge. 4.错:Allofthisshouldthankourgovernment. 对：Weshouldthankourgovernmentforallofthis. 文章的整体性和连贯性 整体性指在短文在语义上是一个整体，几个段落围绕短文的一个主题。在写作考试中，则主要指在确定了中心写作内容后，不要跑题。连贯性指句子之间和段落之间是以合乎逻辑的方式排列的，读起来通顺流畅。短文的整体性和连贯性是通过句子和段落的逻辑排列或采用过渡词的方式来实现的。 请看下面的短文是以逻辑排列的方式达到短文整体性和连贯性的： Nuclearpowerstationsareextremelydangerous.In1979astationintheUSAwentoutofcontrolandthousandsofpeopletherehadtoleavetheirhomes.Thewastefromnuclearpowerstationscanbedangeroustomanforthousandsofyears.Nuclearstationsareunnecessary.ThedemandforelectricityintheWestisincreasingveryslowlyandcanbemetbyexistingstations.Ifextrapowerinneeded,itshouldbeprovidedbywindortidalpowerstations.Theyaresafeandthereisnodangerofpollution.Forthesereasonsallworkonnuclearpowerstationsmustbehaltedimmediately. 下面的短文是采用过渡词的方式达到短文的整体性和连贯性的: Gettingupearlyisgoodforourhealth.Tostartwith,theairinthemorningisfresh,whichwilldoalotofgoodtoyourhealth.Second,earlyinthemorningyoumaytakeawalkordosomeexercise,whichwillhelptokeepyouhealthy.Finally,gettingupearlywillhelpyoutoformagoodhabit,anddevelopagoodmoodfordailyactivities.为了使短文具有较好的整体性和连贯性,通常采用“启”“承”“转”“合”的过渡词 1.用于引导主题句或主题句后第一个扩展句的过渡词语称为“启”有关这方面的词语有: First,firstofall,atfirst,inthefirstplace,inthebeginning,firstly,tobeginwith,tostartwith,foronething,foranother,ononehand,ontheotherhand,generallyspeaking,ingeneral,atpresent,currently,lately等 “启”的用法实例: Atpresent/currently/lately-somepeoplebelievethatintelligenceisgivenatbirth.Atfirst/Firstofall/Inthebeginning/Inthefirstplace/firstly-theenvironmentplaysanimportantroleinshapingonespersonality. 2.用于承接主题句或第一个扩展句的过渡词语称为“承”,这方面的词语有:Second,third,secondly,thirdly,inotherwords,inthesameway,besides,also,inadditionto,moreover,whatismore,forexample,forinstance,meanwhile,atthesametime,consequently,forthispurpose,namely. “承”的用法实例: Second/thirdly/Inotherwords/inthesameway/-shorterworkinghourscanleadto greaterproductivity. Besides/Afterthat/inaddition/Afterwards-hehopedtoworkwithoneofthebestprefessorsonthatresearchproject. 3.用来表示不同和相反的过渡词语为“转”,常见的词语有: But,yet,however,onthecontrary,unlike,nevertheless,inspiteof,ontheotherhand,though,asamatteroffact,infact,incontrast “转”的用法实例: Yet/However/unfortunately/infact-otherpeoplearestronglyagainsthisproposal.Unlikehisbrother,helikesswimmingverymuch. Inspiteoftheheavyrain,theycontinuedworking. 4.用于小结段落或短文的过渡词语有: Finally,atlast,inshort,inaword,inconclusion,atlength,eventually,thus,therefore,t