高中英语：Module1EuropePeriod3Grammar语法专题课课件外研版必修.ppt

Module 1 Europe Grammar,一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态及主谓一致 【新知导引】 用所给单词的适当形式完成句子 1. Paris _(visit) by more than eight million tourists every year. 2. The Church of the Sagrada Familia in Barcelona _ (design) by an architect called Antonio Gaudi. 3. Many of Florences most beautiful paintings and sculptures _ _ (produce) by great artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo.,is visited,was designed,were,produced,4. Buildings such as the Parthenon on the Acropolis Hill _ (build) 2, 400 years ago. 5. The Valencia soccer team _(play) in a large stadium. 6. Coffee with sugar _(be) always my favorite drink. 7. Not only I but also David and Iris _(be) fond of playing basketball. 8. Neither you nor I，nor anybody else _(be) content to live in such a lonely village.,were built,plays,is,are,is,【知识详解】 一、一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态 1. 构成： 一般现在时被动语态的构成是：am/is/aredone，一般过去时被动语态的构成是：was/weredone。 *My computer is repaired every few months. 我的电脑每隔几个月修理一次。 *My computer was repaired by the storekeeper yesterday. 昨天我的电脑被店主修理过了。,2. 主动语态变被动语态应注意： (1)有些动词, 如feel，hear，watch，notice，make，have，let等，在主动语态中接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中要用带to的不定式。 *The teacher made me go out of the classroom. I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher). 老师让我从教室里出去。,(2)动词短语，如look after，take care of等用于被动语态中时，要保留介词或副词。 *The little patients are looked after quite well in hospital. 小病号们在医院里受到很好的照顾。,3. 下列情况不用被动语态: (1)有些动词或动词短语没有被动语态，如belong to, break out, happen, take place, last, fail, cost等。 *The meeting only lasted for an hour. 会议只持续了一个小时。,(2)有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义以说明主语的性质，如clean, sell, look, lock, open, write, read, wash, feel等，此时多与副词easily/poorly/well等连用。 *This kind of cloth washes easily. 这种布很容易洗。,(3)表示感官的连系动词，如look, smell, taste, feel， sound等，不用被动语态，后常跟形容词作表语，表示主语的特征。 *What he said at the meeting sounded encouraging. 他在会上说的话听起来令人备受鼓舞。,【名师点津】 动词need，require，want，deserve等后跟-ing形式，表示被动意义。此时-ing形式相当于to be done。 *The door needs repairing. The door needs to be repaired. 这扇门需要修理。,【思维延伸】 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时的被动语态表示一般将来时的被动语态(例)；用一般过去时的被动语态表示过去将来时的被动语态(例)。 Listen to your friends problems and give advice when you are asked. He told me he wouldnt attend your birthday party unless he was invited.,【即学活用】 1. 同义句转换，每空一词 The teacher gave us some advice on how to improve our oral English. Some advice on how to improve our oral English _ _ to us by the teacher. Mom bought me an MP4 player last weekend. An MP4 player _ _ _ me by Mom last weekend. The boss made the little boy do heavy work. The little boy _ _ _ do heavy work by the boss.,was,given,was,bought,for,was,made,to,2. 用所给词的适当形式填空 The door wont _(close)，thats to say，the door needs _(repair). A fire _(break) out in the factory. More than 20 firefighters _(send) there to put out the fire. Unfortunately，one of the firefighters _(kill) by the fallen wall.,close,repairing/to be repaired,broke,were sent,was killed,二、主谓一致 在英语句子里，谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。主谓一致大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原则。,1. 语法一致原则。 语法一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 (1)以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 *Walking on the moon is very difficult. 在月球上行走是十分困难的。,*What the boy wanted were some books. 这个男孩想要的是几本书。(此句根据some books可知What the boy wanted是复数，所以谓语要用复数) (2)由连接词and或both. . . and. . . 连接起来的合成主语后面，一般要用复数形式的谓语动词。 *To say something and to do it are quite different things. 说和做是完全不同的事情。,(3)当主语后面跟有with, along with, together with, as well as, including, but, in additio