高中英语：Module3ViolenceofNaturePeriod3Grammar语法专题课课件外研版必修.ppt

Module 3 The Violence of Nature Grammar,过去完成时的被动语态和间接引语 【新知导引】 . 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. By the time the tornado ended, more than 700 people _(kill). 2. Coghlan travelled back to Canadaafter he _ (bury)in Texas! 3. Arriving home, she found all the furniture _(flood).,had been killed,had been buried,had been flooded,. 将下列直接引语的句子变为间接引语 1. He said, “My brother failed in the exam this week. ” He said _ that week. 2. He says, “Is Tom a student or a teacher?” He asks _. 3. He asked me, “Do you like playing football?” He asked me _.,that his brother had failed in the exam,whether/if Tom is a student or a teacher,if/whether I liked playing football,【知识详解】 一. 过去完成时的被动语态 1. 构成：had + been + done。 2. 概念：表示在过去某个动作或时间以前已被做的事情。,3. 用法： (1)在told, said, knew, heard, thought，found等动词后的宾语从句中，表示宾语从句中的动作已被做完时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。 *She said (that) she had never been shown around Paris. 她说从来没有人领她参观过巴黎。(she和show之间是被动关系，且show这一动作发生在said之前),(2)before, by the time, until, when, after, once, as soon as等引导的状语从句中的谓语是一般过去时，以及by， before, until后面接过去的时间时，主句的动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。 *By the time he was twelve, my brother had been sent to America. 我哥哥12岁前就已经被送到了美国。(by the time相当于before, 表示“在之前”，从句中的动作表示过去，主句中的send这一动作发生在从句的动作之前),【即学活用】用所给动词或短语的适当形式填空。 By the time Edison was ten, a chemistry lab _(build). The dish _(eat up)when I got there. _ the new plan _(discuss)before the meeting? Was the boy reminded that his homework _ (not hand in)? Which hospital _ Mary _(send)to before midnight? The couple said that the flowers were so lovely that they _ _ (sell)in no time.,had been built,had been eaten up,Had,been discussed,had not been handed in,had,been sent,had been,sold,二. 间接引语 直接引语表示直接引述别人的原话。通常都用引号括起来。 间接引语表示用自己的话把别人的话转述出来。间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句。 直接引语改为间接引语，在语序、人称、时态和状语方面会做相应变化。,1. 动词的时态的变化：,*“Where do you usually have lunch？”he asked me. He asked me where I usually had lunch.,2. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语的变化：,*“I will never forget this interesting lesson，”said Paul. Paul said that he would never forget that interesting lesson. *She said to me, “I came here five years ago. ” She told me she had been there five years before. *He said to me，“I will see her next week. ” He told me he would see her the next week.,3. 句式的转换: (1)转述他人的陈述陈述句的转换:,(2)转述他人的疑问一般疑问句的转换:,(3)转述他人的问题特殊疑问句:,(4)选择疑问句的转换: 用whether. . . or. . . 表达, 而不用if. . . or. . . , 也不用either. . . or. . . 。 He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” He asked me whether I spoke English or French.,(5)祈使句的转换:,4. 直接引语变间接引语的特殊情况: (1)时态不变的情况。 直接引语是客观真理、谚语或名人名言时。 *He said, “The earth goes around the sun. ” He said that the earth goes around the sun. 当直接引语中有具体的过去时间作状语时, 间接引语仍然用一般过去时。 *Mr Wang said, “I was born in China in September, 1972. ” Mr Wang said he was born in China in September, 1972.,当直接引语是过去完成时态时。 *She said, “They had left when I arrived here. ” She said they had left when she arrived there. 当直接引语表示客观的时刻表时。 *He said, “The plane takes off at 6: 30 a. m. ” He said that the plane takes off at 6: 30 a. m.,(2)如果在当天转述别人说过的话, 时间状语可不变; 如果在当地转述, 地点状语和动词也不必改变。 *He said, “Ill be back tonight. ” He said that he will be back tonight.,【即学活用】将下列句子变为间接引语。 Jack said, “I have been working here for a dozen years. ” _ He said to me, “I read it yesterday. ” _ The teacher said, “Please bring all the books downstairs up here. ” _ _,Jack said that he had been working there for a dozen years.,He told me that he had read it the day before.,The teacher asked the students to take all the books downstairs,up there.,The teacher said, “Columbus discovered America in 1492. ” _ “How much did you pay for the computer?”he asked. _,The teacher said that Columbus discovered America in 1492.,He asked how much I paid for the computer.,【典题研习】 (2011北京高考)Experiments of this kind_ (conduct)in both the U. S. and Europe well before the Second World War.,【思路演示】 分析句式: 该句为简单句, in both the U. S. and Europe是地点状语, before the Second World War是时间状语。 理清句意: 第二次世界大战前在美国和欧洲都进行过该类实验。 抓取关键: before the Second World War是表示过去的时间状语, conduct在the Second World War之前, 故是“过去的过去”, 用过去完成时; 又因experiments与conduct之间为动宾关系, 故句子谓语用过去完成时的被动语态。 断定答案: had been conducted。,【即学活用】 用适当的连词或所给词的适当形式填空。 1. (2015福建高考)I wonder_ Mary has kept her figure after all these years. By working out every day.,【解析】how。考查名词性从句。句意: 我想知道玛丽这些年是如何保持她的身材的。通过每天锻炼。根据答语可知问句中问的是“保持身材的方法”, 故用how。,2. (2015四川高考)The exhibition tells us_ we should do something to stop air pollution. 【解析】why。考查宾语从句。句意: 这个展览告诉我们为什么我们要采取措施来制止空气污染。根据语境可知这里表示原因, 故要用why来引导。,3. (2014天津高考)I think impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses. 【解析】what。句意: 我认为, 他的画让我印象深刻的是他使用的色彩。what在句中引导主语从句, 又在从句中作主语。,4. (2012北京高考)Have you heard about that fire in the market? Yes, fortunately no one_ (hurt). 【解析】was hurt。句意: 你听说市场上的那场火灾了吗?是的, 幸运的是没有人受伤。谓语动词hurt和主语no one之间是动宾关系, 应用被动语态; 此处讲述的是发生在过去的事情, 应用一般过去时。,【真题备选】 1. (2014福建高考)Pick yourself up. Courage is doing_ youre afraid to do. 【解析】what。句意: 站起来。有了勇气, 你才可以去做你不敢做的事情。what在句中充当引导词, 同时也是动词do的宾语。,2. (2014北京高考)Some people believe_ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. 【解析】whatever/what。考查名词性从句。句意: 有些人相信已经发生的或正在发生的任何事情将来都会重复发生。believe后面是宾语从句, 宾语从句中缺少主语, 只能选择连接代词whatever或what。,3. (2013湖南高考)Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell_ close you may be to victory. 【解析】how。句意: 不要让任何失败阻止你, 因为你永远不会知道你离胜利有多么近。how在句中引导宾语从句, 常用于“how +adj. +主语+谓语+其他”结构中, 意为“多么”。,4. (2013山东高考)Its good to know_ the dogs will be well cared for while were away. 【解析】that。句意: 当我们不在的时候, 知道这些狗会被好好地照顾真是太好了。本句中it是形式主语, 代替后面的不定式to know; 动词know后跟一个宾语从句, 由于宾语从句中主谓结构完整, 所以用连词that引导宾语从句。,5. (2013北京高考)Experts believe_ p