高中英语Unit2CloningSectionⅠ课件新人教版选修.ppt

Unit 2 Cloning,文章导语Theres still trouble when it comes to cloning dinosaurs.Certain plants like the carrot have been cloned,but attempts at cloning animals have not been so successful. 当谈及克隆恐龙时仍旧有麻烦。某些植物像胡萝卜已经被克隆了,但是克隆动物的尝试却不那么成功。 In the movie Jurassic Park,scientists clone dinosaurs by using the DNA that was preserved for millions of years.However,there is trouble when the cloned dinosaurs turn out fiercer and smarter than expected.Can dinosaurs really be cloned?Theoretically,they can;all that would be required is DNA from an extinct dinosaur and a currently living closely related species which could act as a surrogate mother(代孕母亲).,Actually,cloning is a phenomenon that occurs naturally in a wide variety of species.Whenever you see a pair of identical twins,they are examples of natures clones.Although scientists have been cloning certain plants like the carrot quite successfully for decades,attempts at cloning animals have not been as successful.However,they began long before the birth of Dolly the sheepthe first mammal successfully cloned. Cloning humans does give rise to some worries,raising a number of moral problems involved.In fact,the social influences of producing humans artificially were brilliantly explored in the famous novel Brave New World by Aldous Huxley,and also in the movie The Island.,Human cloning is basically about creating a genetically identical copy of a previously existing person.Why would some people choose to clone human beings?Well,generally,it could make couples unable to have babies have their own children.Replacing a dead child is also another reason why some people have expressed interest in the technology.,译文 在电影侏罗纪公园中,科学家利用保存了几百万年的DNA克隆恐龙。然而,当克隆来的恐龙被证明比预料的更凶猛更精明时就有麻烦了。恐龙真的能被克隆吗?从理论上来说,是可以的;所需要的就是从灭绝的恐龙中提取DNA和一种现存的可作代孕母亲的紧密相关的物种。 实际上,克隆是一种在众多物种中自然发生的一种现象。每当你看到一对同卵双胞胎,他们就是自然克隆的例子。尽管几十年来,科学家们已十分成功地克隆出像胡萝卜这样的某些植物,但是在尝试克隆动物方面还没有那么成功。然而,他们在多莉出生前很长时间就已开始了,多莉,一只绵羊第一只成功克隆出的哺乳动物。,克隆人的确增加了一些忧虑,产生了一些相关的道德问题。事实上,人工生育的社会影响在阿道司赫胥黎的著名小说美丽新世界中成功地进行了探究,而且在电影岛中也有类似探究。 人类克隆基本上是创造现存人类的基因复制品。为什么还有人决定克隆人呢?一般来说,这可以让不能生育的夫妇有自己的孩子。代替死去的孩子也是一些人对这种技术表示感兴趣的另一个原因。,典句欣赏 1.Theoretically,they can;all that would be required is DNA from an extinct dinosaur and a currently living closely related species which could act as a surrogate mother. 从理论上来说,是可以的;所需要的就是从灭绝的恐龙中提取DNA和一种现存的可作代孕母亲的紧密相关的物种。 2.Cloning humans does give rise to some worries,raising a number of moral problems involved. 克隆人的确增加了一些忧虑,产生了一些相关的道德问题。,理解诱思 1.We can infer from the second paragraph that . A.more and more people are interested in cloning B.cloning has saved many animals from dying out C.cloning has a very short history D.cloning plants is much easier 答案:D 2.Do you agree with cloning humans?Why? 答案:No,although it can help people unable to have their own babies,it is against human morality.,Section Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading & Comprehending,一,二,三,四,五,六,一、词义匹配 A B mercial a.easy to do or to understand;not complicated 2.straightforward b.not seeming to be based on a reason,system or plan and sometimes seeming unfair 3.procedure c.to succeed in getting sth,usually after a lot of effort 4.arbitrary d.connected with the buying and selling of goods and services 5.conservative e.a way of doing sth,especially the usual or correct way 6.attain f.opposed to great or sudden social change;showing that you prefer traditional styles and values 答案:1.d 2.a 3.e 4.b 5.f 6.c,一,二,三,四,五,六,二、猜词拼写 1. to be different from sb/sth 2. to make yourself responsible for sth and start doing it 3. to say that you disagree with,disapprove of or oppose sth 4. to get sth,especially by making an effort 5. to order sb not to do sth 6. to gradually get more and more of sth over a period of time,differ,undertake,object,obtain,forbid,accumulate,一,二,三,四,五,六,三、词汇拓展 1.differ的名词 n.不同;区别 2.correction的动词 vt.纠正 3.object的名词 n.反对;不赞成;异议 4.accumulate的名词 n.积累 5.forbid的过去式 v.禁止,不准 6.carrier的动词 vt.携带,搬运,difference,correct,objection,accumulation,forbade,carry,一,二,三,四,五,六,四、阅读课文 CLONING:WHERE IS IT LEADING US?,搭配各部分主旨大意 Para 1 A.The problems of Dolly. Para 2 B.The two major uses of cloning. Para 3 C.The attitudes towards Dollys appearance. Para 4 D.The definition of cloning. Para 5 E.Effects of cloning on society. 答案:Para 1-D Para 2-B Para 3-A Para 4-C Para 5-E,一,二,三,四,五,六,五、阅读课文 CLONING:WHERE IS IT LEADING US?,回答下列问题 1.The main idea of the text is . A.animal cloning is very valuable and can benefit the world B.animal cloning could be misused by bad people so it must be forbidden C.animal cloning is well developed because Dolly the sheep was born D.animal cloning raised arguments and scientists are not sure about its future,答案：D,一,二,三,四,五,六,2.The cloning of Dolly the sheep succeeded because . A.its easier to clone a sheep than other animals B.the scientists were determined and worked hard with patience C.the scientists were rewarded and got lots of money D.many other attempts to clone mammals failed 3.What is the writers attitude towards cloning in this passage? A.The writer is against cloning. B.The writer is in favour of cloning. C.The writer is neutral towards cloning. D.The writer doesnt have a clear attitude.,答案：B,答案：C,一,二,三,四,五,六,4.Which of the following statements about cloning is NOT true according to the passage? A.Cloning is something that has been developed quite recently. B.Twins that look exactly the same are originally from the same original egg. C.Cloning is used by researchers to develop new plants. D.Animal cloning is much more difficult than plant cloning.,答案：A,一,二,三,四,五,六,六、根据课文内容填空 Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay.Its a way of making an 1. (exactly) copy of another animal or plant.Cloning has two major uses.Firstly,gardeners use it all the time to produce commercial quantities of plants.Secondly,its 2. (value) for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals.Cloning animals is a difficult task 3. (undertake).At last the determination and patience of the scientists paid 4. in 1996 with a breakthroughthe cloning of Dolly the sheep.,exact,valuable,to undertake,off,一,二,三,四,五,六,The fact 5. she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become 6. (serious) ill and she only lived six and a half years.Dollys appearance raised a storm of 7. (object) and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.Newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone 8. (they) to attain their ambitions.Religious leaders raised moral questions.Now some governments have 9. (forbid) research into human cloning,10. others think cloning is useful for humans.,that,seriously,objections,themselves,forbidden,while/but,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,It is a difficult task to undertake.(Page 11) 这是一项很难完成的任务。 考点 undertake vt.(undertook;undertaken)着手;从事;承担 The lawyer undertook the case without a fee. 这个律师承办那个案件不收费。 They undertook a dangerous task. 他们承担了一项危险任务。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,考点延伸 阅读下列句子,指出undertake的含义 She undertook the responsibility for these changes. 含义 承担;担负 He undertook to pay the money back in one month. 含义 答应;承诺 We cant undertake that you will make a profit. 含义 保证;担保 温馨提示 undertake作“答应;承诺”讲时,其后可跟不定式和that从句。 He undertook to pay her back. =He undertook that he would pay her back. 他答应将还她钱。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,单句填空 (3)He (undertake) several important experiments so far. 翻译句子 (4)University professors both teach and undertake researches. (5)The company has announced that it will undertake a full investigation into the accident. (6)I cant undertake that Ill finish it on time.,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,答案:(1)to undertake simple experiments (2)undertook to finish (3) has undertaken (4)大学教授既要教学又要从事研究工作。 (5)公司已经宣布要对这次事故进行全面调查。 (6)我不能保证按时做完它。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthroughthe cloning of Dolly the sheep.(Page 11) 但是决心和耐心使科学家们最终于1996年收获了突破性的结果克隆羊“多莉”。 考点一 pay off 得到好结果;取得成功;偿清 Years of hard work paid off in his future career. 多年的辛劳使他在以后的事业上获得了成功。 【高考典句】 (2016北京高考)This work is starting to pay off. 这份努力开始获得回报了。 Five years later,Mr Wang paid off the debts for his sons schooling. 五年后,王先生还清了儿子上学的债务。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,考点延伸 阅读下列句子,指出pay的相关短语及意义 Have I paid you back the $50 you lent me for those books? 短语 pay sb back sth 意义 偿还某人某物 Whichever one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it. 短语 pay for. 意义 赔偿 You will have to pay for what you have done today. 短语 pay for. 意义 为付出代价 I had to pay out 1,000 yuan to get my car repaired. 短语 pay out 意义 付巨款,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,pay off得到好结果;取得成功;偿清 pay sb back sth偿还某人某物 pay for 赔偿;为付出代价;付的钱 pay out 付巨款,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,考点二 breakthrough n.突破 This is a major breakthrough in cancer research. 这是癌症研究中的重要突破。 考点延伸 阅读下面的句子,指出break的相关短语及意义 Scientists think they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer. 短语 break through 意义 取得突破,做出重大发现,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dollys illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal.(Page 12) 研究克隆的科学家们发现多莉得的病更容易发生在年老的羊身上,这让他们很沮丧。 考点 cast down 使失望;使沮丧 Karl was much cast down by his failure in the exam. 卡尔因未通过考试而十分沮丧。 The truth cast him down. 真相让他很沮丧。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,考点延伸 (1)阅读下面的句子,体会cast down的意义 The boy who was late for class cast his eyes down shyly. 那个迟到的学生害羞地垂下了双眼。 意义 放低,垂下 (2)阅读下列句子,指出cast的相关短语及意义 You really must cast off all these bad habits. 你确实应该抛弃这些坏习惯。 短语 cast off 意义 抛弃,摆脱掉 If you were cast away on a deserted island,what would you miss most? 如果你被丢在荒岛上,你最想念什么? 短语 cast away 意义 扔掉;放弃,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,cast down 使沮丧;放低,垂下 cast off 抛弃,摆脱掉 cast away 扔掉;放弃;浪费,(3)阅读下面的句子,指出cast的词性及含义 The little boy cast a little stone into the pond. 这小男孩向池塘里扔了一个石子。 词性 动词 含义 投,扔,掷,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,答案:(1)was cast down (2)John was cast down (3)Cast them away/off (4)will cast away this money,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,On the other hand,Dollys appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.(Page 12) 另一方面,多莉羊的出现引起了一阵强烈的反对,对媒体和公众的想象力也产生了极大的影响。 考点一 objection n.不赞成;反对;异议 No objections were raised at the meeting. 会上没有人提出异议。 We have an objection to teaming up with them. 我们不赞成和他们合作。 If no one has any objection,Ill declare the meeting closed. 如果没人反对的话,我将宣布会议结束。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,考点延伸 阅读下列句子,体会object的词性及含义 Ill have a smoke,if you dont object. 词性 动词 含义 反对 I saw an object in the sky,but I didnt know what it was. 词性 名词 含义 物体 Her object is to become a travel writer. 词性 名词 含义 目标 温馨提示 a.object(反对)通常为不及物动词;后跟宾语时常与to连用,构成object to短语。该短语后接sb doing 或sbs doing均可。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,Why do some people object to human cloning? 为什么一些人反对克隆人类呢? I object to you/your going there alone. 我反对你一个人去那里。 b.object习惯上不用于反对人(用oppose sb) His old trick was to support one section of people in opposing another.(不用objecting to) 他的惯用伎俩是拉拢一部分人,反对另一部分人。 c.object后接that从句,含义是“提出反对的理由”,即从句的内容是“反对的理由”而不是“反对的内容”。 Jane objected that the prices were too high. 简以价格过高为由反对。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,Tom decided to move to the countryside and his father made no objection to it,while his mother objected to it. 汤姆决定搬到乡下去住,爸爸没异议,但妈妈反对。 考点二 medium n.媒介;手段;工具(复数media) Television is the modern medium of communication. 电视是现代传媒。 Blood is the medium in which oxygen is carried to all parts of the body. 血液是把氧气输送到身体各部分的媒介。 Video is a good medium for practising listening to a foreign language. 录像是一种练习外语听力的好方法。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain,newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain their ambitions.(Page 12) 尽管目前供克隆研究的人类卵细胞和胚胎很难获得,但是报纸报道说,有些邪恶头目希望把自己克隆出来以实现他们的野心。 剖析过去分词短语needed for cloning research作定语修饰human egg cells and embryos。 Have you bought the novel recommended by the professor? 你买了教授推荐的那本小说了吗?,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,考点一 obtain vt. 获得;赢得 He obtained a drivers license after three-month training. 3个月培训之后,他获得了驾驶执照。 His work obtained him a regular income. 他的工作使他获得定期的收入。 He obtained a large sum of money by/through buying and selling houses. 他通过买卖房子赚了一大笔钱。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,考点延伸 (1)阅读下面的句子,指出obtain的含义 The custom still obtains in some districts. 含义 流行 (2)阅读下列句子,指出obtain的相关短语及意义 Details can be obtained from the Ministry of Education. 短语 obtain sth from sb 含义 从某人/物处获得某物 I obtained this record for you with difficulty. 短语 obtain sth for sb 含义 为某人获得/赢得某物 This practice obtains with most people. 短语 obtain with 含义 为所公认,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,obtain.from.从处获得 obtain.for.为获得/赢得 obtain with 为所公认,考点二 attain vt. 获得;到达(水平、年龄、状况等) Most of our students attained five “A” grades in their exams. 我们多数学生的考试成绩是五个优。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning,but other countries like China and the UK,continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide.(Page 12) 有些(政府)开始改革司法制度,明令禁止进行克隆人类的研究,但是其他的国家,如中国和英国,则仍在继续收集克隆技术有可能提供丰富的医疗救助的证据。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,考点一 forbid vt.(forbade/ forbad;forbidden)禁止;不准 In some Middle Eastern countries,exposing your flesh is forbidden,especially if youre a woman. 在一些中东国家,暴露皮肤是被禁止的,尤其是女性。 Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library,but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you. 请注意,在图书馆禁止食物和水果,但允许带饮料和糖果。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,考点延伸 阅读下列句子,归纳forbid的用法 Everyone is forbidden to own a gun privately. 用法 forbid sb to do sth 意为 “禁止某人做某事” We should take measures to forbid returning illegal cooking oil to dinner tables. 用法 forbid doing sth 意为 “禁止做某事” His parents forbid him wine. 用法 forbid sb sth 意为 “禁止某人某事” 温馨提示 forbid后面不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语,而是跟动词-ing作宾语,但是可以跟不定式作宾语补足语(forbid sb to do sth),类似的动词还有:allow,permit,advise 等。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,考点二 accumulate vt. 积累;聚积;收集 I have accumulated a lot of books. 我收集了很多书。 By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune. 她投资精明,积累了一笔财富。 考点延伸 阅读下面的句子,指出黑体词的词性及含义 The mans debts began to accumulate. 词性 不及物动词 含义 (数量)逐渐增加,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,Is it in favour of cloning or against it?(Page 12) 它是赞成克隆行为还是反对克隆行为? 考点 in favour of 赞成;支持 There were 249 votes in favour of the plan and 123 against. 有249票赞成这个计划,123票反对。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,考点延伸 阅读下列句子,指出favour的相关短语及意义 The exchange rate is in our favour at the moment. 短语 in sbs favour 意义 对某人有利 Could you do me a favour and pick up Sam from school today? 短语 do sb a favour 意义 帮某人忙 I am doing this as a favour;its not part of my job. 短语 do sth as a favour 意义 帮忙做某事 Ill ask Steve to take it.He owes me a favour. 短语 owe sb a favour 意义 欠某人情,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,in favour of 赞成;支持;有利于 in sbs favour 对某人有利 do sb a favour 帮某人忙 do sth as a favour 帮忙做某事 owe sb a favour 欠某人情,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,一,二,三,一、写作词汇检测 A.根据每一组的提示词,完成或者翻译句子。 1.carrier (1)In this country,