高中英语：Module3ViolenceofNaturePeriod3Grammar语法专题课课件外研版必修(1).ppt

Module 3 The Violence of Nature Period 3 Grammar语法专题课 过去完成时的被动语态和间接引语,. 过去完成时的被动语态 【课前热身】 用所给词的正确形式填空 By the time the tornado ended, more than 700 people _ (kill). Coghlan travelled back to Canadaafter he _ _(bury) in Texas.,had been killed,had,been buried,She returned home and found all her furniture _ _ (ruin) by the flood. When he woke up, he found his house _ _ (destroy) by the thunderstorm.,had,been ruined,had been,destroyed,【课堂诠解】 过去完成时的被动结构由“had been+过去分词”构成, 表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前发生的被动的动作, 句中常用by, before, until, when等词引导时间状语。,过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下情况: 1. 主句的动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时, 要用过去完成时的被动语态。常用于before, by the time, until, when, after, once, as soon as等引导的状语从句中谓语动词是一般过去时, 以及by, before, until+过去的时间点。,By the end of last year, 20, 000cars _ _ _. 到去年年末, (该厂)已经生产了两万辆轿车。 The classroom _ _ _ before the teacher came. 老师来之前, 教室还没有打扫。,had,been,produced,hadnt,been,cleaned,How many buildings _ _ _ when the hurricane ended? 飓风结束时有多少建筑被毁? All of the dishes _ _ _ till then. 到那时盘子全部洗完了。,had,been,destroyed,had,been,washed,2. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词之后的宾语 从句中, 若表示过去某一被动动作时, 用过去完成时。 They said the production costs _ _ _. 他们说生产成本降低了。 I was told that the book _ _ _ in the room. 我被告知把那本书落在那个房间里了。,had,been,reduced,had,been,left,3. 根据语意可以判断出动作先后的用过去完成时。 (用所给词的正确形式填空) As the work _ (do), he began to watch TV. The girl did what she _ (tell) to.,had been done,had been told,. 间接引语 【课前热身】 将下列句子中直接引语转化为间接引语 Tom said, “I want to go shopping. ” Tom said (that) _ _ to go shopping. The girl asked me, “Can you help me? ” The girl asked me _ _ could help _.,he,wanted,if,I,her,I asked the boy, “Why are you late again? ” I asked the boy _ he _ late again. He said to me, “Shut the window, please. ” He told me _ _ the window.,why,was,to,shut,【课堂诠解】 直接引述别人的原话, 叫做直接引语。用自己的话转述别人的话, 叫做间接引语。将直接引语改为间接引语时, 人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语作相应的变化。,1. 直接引语是陈述句, 变为间接引语时由连词that引 导。 He said, “I like it very much. ” He said _ _ _ _ very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。 He said, “You told me this story. ” He said that _ _ _ _ that story. 他说我给他讲过那个故事。,that,he,liked,it,I,had,told,him,【名师指津】 口语中that可以省略; that从句之前常用say, tell等动 词。 2. 直接引语是一般疑问句, 变为间接引语时变成 if/whether引导的宾语从句。 He said, “Can you swim, John? ” He asked John _ he could swim. 他问约翰是否会游泳。,if/whether,I asked him, “Will you stay at home or go to see a film tonight? ” I asked him _ he would stay at home _ go to see a film that night. 我问他那天晚上他是待在家里还是去看电影。,whether,or,【名师指津】 大多数情况下if和whether引导宾语从句时可以互换, 但后紧跟or not时, 一般用whether。,3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句, 变为间接引语时特殊疑问句变为由who, what, when, where, why, how等疑问词引导的宾语从句(但注意从句须是陈述语序)。 He said, “Where is Mr Wang? ” He asked _ _ _ _. 他问王先生在哪里。,where,Mr,Wang,was,He asked, “How did you find it, mother? ” He asked his mother _ _ _ _it. 他问他妈妈是怎么找到它的。,how,she,had,found,4. 直接引语是祈使句, 变为“主语+ask/order/tell/beg等+宾语+宾语补足语(动词不定式)”这一句型。 The teacher said, “Listen to me carefully. ” The teacher _ us _ listen to her carefully. 老师告诉我们认真听她讲。,told,to,“Dont touch anything in the lab. ”the teacher said to us. The teacher _ us _ _ touch anything in the lab. 老师告诉我们不要动实验室里的任何东西。,told,not,to,【巧学助记】人称的变化 一随主, 二随宾, 第三人称不更新。 即直接引语的第一人称取决于主句的主语, 第二人称取决于主句的宾语, 第三人称一般不变。,*He said, “Im forty. ” He said that he was forty. (一随主) *She said to me, “Your pronunciation is better than mine. ” She told me that my pronunciation was better than hers. (二随宾) *They said, “Is everything OK? ” They asked if everything was OK. (第三人称不更新),5. 直接引语变间接引语时, 如果谓语动词是过去式, 时态的变化如下:,注意: 情态动词也作相应改变: cancould; maymight; mustmust/had to He said, “I usually watch TV on Sunday. ” He said that he usually _ TV on Sunday. He said, “Im using the knife. ” He said that he _ _ the knife.,watched,was,using,He said, “Ill give you an examination next Monday. ” He told us that he _ _ us an examination the next Monday. He said, “I came to help you. ” He said that _ _ _ to help me. She said, “I have not heard from him since May. ” She said that she _ _ _ from him since May.,would,give,he,had,come,had,not,heard,He said, “I had finished my homework before supper. ” He said that he _ _ his homework before supper. He said, “I went to college in1994. ” He told us that he _ to college in1994.,had,finished,went,Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound. ” Our teacher told us that light _ faster than sound.,travels,【名师指津】 (1)直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等, 主句尽管是过去时态, 变成间接引语时, 时态仍然用一般现在时态。 (2)直接引语变间接引语时, 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、动词等要作相应的变化。但是, 如果转述时对话人双方就在原来的地方, 或在说话的当天, 就不必改变相应的时间状语、地点状语等。总之, 对这些变化不能机械理解, 应根据实际情况来决定所作的变化。,(3)间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序, 即主、谓