从习语中看翻译和文化的关系以及影响文化的因素.doc

从习语中看翻译和文化的关系以及影响文化的因素TheRelationbetweenTranslationandCulturefromtheAspectofIdiomsandtheFactorswhichInfluencetheCultureAcknowledgmentsThisthesisconcludesmypostgraduatestudyinHenanNormalUniversity.IwouldliketoexpressmysincereappreciationtotheprofessorsintheCollegeofForeignLanguage,whoseprecisenessandstrictnesssetagoodexampleformeinthefutureacademiccareer.Ifeltgratitudeespeciallygoestomysupervisor,GuoYingzhen,whoseilluminatinginstructionandendlessassistancehavegreatlyconducedtotheaccomplishmentofthisthesis.Imalsoverygratefultotheteacherswhohavetaughtmeinvariouswaysduringthecourseofmystudyforthebachelorsdegree.EspeciallyIwouldliketothankProfessorGuoYingzhenandotherprofessorsintheFaultyofForeigninstitutionwhoinspiredmealot.Lastbutnotleast,Icontributethisarticletomydearfamilyfortheirhelpduringmycollegelife.摘要翻译是一个复杂的过程,对于文化翻译尤其如此。一般来说,翻译涉及语言以及文化。译者应该知道外国文化以及文化自己的人民。此外,译者应连续比较两种文化之间的等价获得意义。翻译的主要任务是翻译源语言到目标语言。如何消除不同文化之间的语言障碍,如何传达源语言的意义的重点到底是不同国家的人。本文说明了不同文化的影响已经在翻译。文能从不同的方面分析:如思维的差异,心理学的文化之间的差异,不同的宗教、环境和生活环境不同的人,等等。翻译是一个复杂的过程,它是关于文化翻译尤其如此。一般来说,翻译涉及语言以及文化。译者应该知道外国文化以及文化自己的人民。此外,译者应连续比较两种文化之间的等价获得意义。翻译的主要任务是翻译源语言到目标语言。如何消除不同文化之间的语言障碍,如何传达源语言的意义。本文说明了不同文化的影响已经在翻译。文能从不同的方面分析:如思维的差异,心理学的文化之间的差异,不同的宗教、环境和生活环境不同的人,等等。关键字：翻译；文化意识；文化和思维；文化差别；习语AbstractTranslationisacomplexprocess,especiallywhenwetranslatetheculturaltext.Generallyspeaking,translationinvolveslanguageaswellasculture.Atranslatorshouldknowforeigncultureaswellasthecultureofhisownpeople.Moreover,atranslatorshouldmakecontinuouscomparisonsbetweenthetwoculturesforgettingtheequivalencemeaning.ThemajortaskoftranslationistotranslatethesourcelanguagetothetargetlanguageHowtogetridofthelanguagebarrierbetweendifferentculture,howtoconveythemeaningofthesourcelanguageexactlyisthefocusofthepeopleindifferentcountries.Thisthesisillustratetheinfluencesofdifferentcultureshaveupontranslation.Wencananalysisitfromdifferentaspects:suchasthedifferenceofthinking,thepsychologyofculture,thedifferencebetweendifferentreligion,theenvironmentandlivingsurroundingsofdifferentpeople,andsoon.KeyWords:translation；theconsciousnessofculture；cultureandthinking；culturaldifference；idiomsTableofContentsAcknowledgmentsI摘要IIAbstractIIITableofContentsIVIntroduction1PARTONETHECONCEPTOFTRANSLATIONANDCULTURE21.1Theconceptoftranslation31.2Theconceptofculture5PARTTWOTHEFACTORSWHICHINFLUENCECULTURE72.1Religion72.2Thepsychologyofculture82.3Thewayofthinking92.4differentwaysoflife102.5Geographicalenvironment142.6Geographicalenvironment15PARTTHREEBETWEENCULTUREANDTRANSLATION16CONSLUSIONS18Bibliography19IntroductionThisarticlecontainstheconceptoftranslationandtheconceptofculture.Theaimoftranslationistomakingcommunication.Humanssocialdevelopmentandprocessneedtranslationandhumanssocialdevelopmentandprogressshouldmakecommunicationbetweendifferentnations,andduringtheprocessofcommunication,translationisindispensable.Translation,asanculturalphenomenon,thinkingactivity,relatedtotheeraandsocialbackgroundallinall.Translationistorenderthemeaningofatextintoanotherlanguageinthewaytheauthorintendedthetext.Translationisanartthatinvolvesthere-creationofaworkinanotherlanguageforreaderswithadifferentbackground.Cultureisaverybroadconcept,togiveitarigorousandprecisedefinitionisaverydifficultthing.Manyphilosophers,sociologists,anthropologists,historiansandlinguistshavebeentryingtodefinetheconceptofculturefromtheperspectiveoftherespectivediscipline.However,sofaritstillhasnothavearecognizedandsatisfactorydefinition.Accordingtostatistics,aboutcultureatleast,ithasmorethantwohundredkindsofdifferentdefinition.Broadlyspeaking,cultureisasocialphenomenon,whichisthecreationoftheproductsforalongtime.Butitisalsoakindofhistoricalphenomenonandisthesocialhistoryremains.Rather,culturereferstoastateornationalhistory,geography,localconditionsandcustoms,traditions,lifestyles,literatureandart,behaviorstandards,wayofthinking,values,etc.Whenwetranslatesomething,thebackgroundofthecultureandthebackgroundofhistoryshouldbeconsidered.Therelationbetweencultureandtranslationisverycloseinagreatextent.Inthiscontext,weanalysisthisproblemfromdifferentaspects:thewayofthinking,thepsychologyofthinking,andthecustomsandhabitsindifferentnations.Ifthebackgroundofcultureandhistoryisignored,thetrulymeaningofthecontextwillbelost.PARTONETHECONCEPTOFTRANSLATIONANDCULTUREOnelinguistinChinahassaid:“whatisthemostdifficultthingduringtheprocessoftranslation,itisthedifferencesbetweentwocultures.”Nidahasmentionedthistoo:“translationisthecommunicationbetweentwodifferentcultures.”Andwecannotignoretheimportanceofthebackgroundofcultureandthebackgroundofhistoryifwewanttotranslateapieceoftextwhichcontainstheinformationaboutcultureorsomethingelse.Whentranslatingsomething,masteringtheknowledgeofcultureandhistoryisindispensable.Therearetoomuchfactorswhichcaninfluencethecultureofthesourcelanguage.ZhuGuangqian,onewriterinmoderntimes,thinkstheassociatemeaningisthemostdifficultthingwhenwetranslateonelanguageintoanotherlanguage.Becauseinthedictionaryyoucannotfindthetrulymeaningunderacertaincontext.Butforliterarystudy,itisoneimportantfactoryoucannotignore.Thisrequiresustoknowthecustomandhabitofthecountrywewanttotranslatethelanguageofit.Orwewillfindwedonotknowhowtotranslatewhenwearegivenapieceoftext.Wecantakeapoemasanexample.Forexamplethepoem:静夜思“窗前明月光，疑是地上霜。举头望明月。低头思故乡。”UsingEnglish,wecannotconveytheessenceofthispoemwithoutthebackgroundofoldChineseandthethoughtwhentheauthorwritethispoem.Andtherearesomanyversionsofit.Forinstance:(1)Inthestillofthenight:Idescrybrightmoonlightinfrontofmybed.Isuspectittobehoaryfrostonthefloor.Iwatchthebrightmoon,asItilebackmyhead.Yearn,whilestooping,formyhomelandmore.(2)Atranquilnight:beforemybedIseeasilverlight,Ithinkthegroundiscoveredwithhoarfrost.Raisingmyhead,Ifindthefullmoonbright；andbowingdown,inthoughtofhomeImlost.Andtherearelotsofotherversionstranslatedbyothertranslators.Nomatterwhichversion,theemotionoftheauthormustbeconsidered,ortheywillruintheessenceofthepoem.Tyler,oneanthropologistinEngland,whosebookprimitivecultureraisestheconceptofcultureanddescribesitas“cultureisakindofcomplexabilitiesandhabits,whichincludesknowledge,faith,art,moral,lawandcustom”.Thuswecanknowthewidecoverageofculture,itisacomplexsystem.Language,asacomponentofculture,reflectthephenomenonofaresourcefulculture.Translationissodifficultaslanguagereflecttheculture,whichconveystomuchculturalcontentandlimitedbyculture.Oncelanguageenteredthehumanslifeasatoolofcommunication,theproblemofculturalconnotationandtheabilityofexpresssomethingwillarise.Thisnotonlyrequiresthetranslatormastertheknowledgeofbilingualabilitybutmultilingualability,especiallytheymustknowtheconsciousnessoftwodifferentculture,religiouscultureandthegeographicfeatures,thehistoricalcustomsandtraditions,theprocessofformingculture,etc.Forthesefactors,thelanguageculturesofdifferentnationsreflecttheirownnationalfeaturesandthebackgroundofthenation.1.1TheconceptoftranslationTherearemanydifferentdefinitionsoftranslation,inTheOxfordEnglishDictionaryitmeans“toturnfromonelanguageintoanother”.Orrecreatingaccordingtheoriginaltext.WebstersThirdNewInternationalDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagegivesusthedefinitionoftranslationis“toturnintoonesownoranotherlanguage”.WhilethedefinitioninColumbiaEncyclopediaisthattranslationistheartofrecomposingaworkinanotherlanguagewithoutlosingitsoriginalflavor.“Translationisthereplacementoftextualmaterialinonelanguagebyequivalenttextualinanotherlanguage.(J.C.Catford,1994)”.“Translationconsistsinreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesourcelanguagemessage,firstintermsofmeaningandsecondlyintermsofstyle.(EugeneNida,1969)”.Translationisanoldandyoungwork,whichcomeintoexistsincetheoldtimesanditbecomessohotinmoderntimes.Translationistheneedofhumansdevelopmentandprogress.Theconceptoftranslationcanbedefinedfromtwoaspects:broadsenseandnarrowsense.Generalizedtranslationrefersto