xx年高考英语难点37讲--难点25 依赖语境的词义猜测题

1 / 17 XX年高考英语难点 37讲 -难点 25 依赖语境的词义猜测题 XX 年高考英语难点 37 讲 -难点 25 依赖语境的词义猜测题 猜测词义题要求学生根据以往所学知识，对上下文的理解及自身的生活经验等猜测生词意义或仅从字面无法确认其意义的短语的准确含义，是阅读理解题中的难点。 难点磁场 1.()mentalhealthcareinchinahasdramaticallyimprovedoverthelast10years,accordingtoexperts. Increasingnumbersofurbanchinesearetodayseekingcounsellingonawiderangeofissuesrelatedtomentalhealth. “Wereceivemorethan120visitorsadayrightnow 20percentupoverthatof1998,”saidZhangHaiyin,thecentrereceived70to80visitorsaweek. Toaccommodatethegrowingnumberofpatients,theclinichashadtoextenditsservicefromfivedaystosevendaysaweek. mostofthecounsellingfocusesonproblemstodowitheducation,employment,familylife,relationshipsaswellasmentaldistress,accountingfor30percentoftotalpatients,saidZhang. 2 / 17 “Thegrowingicalwell -being.” chenZhigang,anemployeeofaforeign-fundedconsultingfirminBeijing,felt,hewasbacktofullhealth. “mentalhealthcounsellinghelpedreducemypressure,”saidchen. ,arailwayworkerfromShanghai,isunwillingtoseekhelp. “,”saidZhu.“HowcanItellmycolleaguesandfamilythatIamseekingmentalhealthcounselling?TheywouldthinkIwascrazy.” Zhangsaidalackofinformationaboutmentalhealthcarepreventedthegrownofservicesinchina. Hesaidastandardizedtrainingsystemwasrequiredtomakesureallmentalhealthdoctorswereproperlytrained. “InWesterncountries,menta lhea” Question:“extend”inParagraph4means_. 2.()ProfessorReasonrecentlypersuad,hewassurprisedtofindthatnearlyallofthemfellintoafewgroups. oneofthewomen,forinstance,onleavingherhouseforworkonemorningthrewherpetdogcerear-ringsandtriedtofixadogbiscuitonhercar.“Theexplanationforthisisthatthebr3 / 17 ainislikeacomputer,”explainstheprofessor.“ scus( 颠倒 )intheprogramme.”Aboutoneintwentyoftheincidentsthevolunteersreportedwerethese“Programmeassemblyfailure.” Twentypercentofallerrorswere“testfailures” hisgardenjacketandbootswerekept,putthemon :“Igotintothebathwithmysockson.” Thecommonestproblemwasinformation“storagefailures”.Peopleforgotthenamesofpeoplewhosefacestheyknew,wentintoaroomandforgotwhytheywerethere,mislaidsomething,orsmokedacigarettewithoutrealizingit. Theresearchsofarsuggeststhatwhilethe“centralprocessor”ofthebrainisliberatedfromsecond -to-secondcontrolofawell-practisedroutine,itmustrepeatedlyswitchbackitsattenti“captured”byanotherfrequentlyandrecentlyusedprogramme,resultinginembarrassingerrors. Questions:“verifying”inParagraph3canbereplacedby_. ,theinformation“storagefailures”refe rto_. 4 / 17 stotalmemory smemory sactionfromconsciousness 3.()(率 )fromth,forexample,diseasebyexercisingregularly,bynotsmoking,bychangingtheirdiets,andbypayingmoreattentiontoreducingstress(压力 )intheirwork. However,Westernhealth-caresys,however,( 外 科 的 )( 强调 )ontreatmentclearlyhassomethingtodowiththete,( 有风险的 ) Althoughthereisnodoubtthatheartsurgerycanhelpalargenumberofpeople,somepeoplepointoutthattheempha,eartsurgery,theyraisecostsforalltheirpatients,evenonpatientsforwhomanoperationisunnecessary ,forexample,morethan100000oftheseoperationsareperformedintheUnitedStateseveryyear. Question:4.“Todothis”(inParagraph3)means_. 4.()Someofthebest-knownnamesintheentertainmentindus5 / 17 tryhavetakenpartinanunprecedentedtelethontohelpvictimsoftheterroristattacksintheUnitedStates. Thebenefit( 义演） ,called“America:aTributetoHeroes,”,ABc,cBS,cableandradionetworksacrossthecountryandairedlivetomorethanahundredcountriesaroundtheworld. HollywoodstarsjoinedmusicentertainersinaskinglistenersandviewerstopledgecashdonationstocharitieshelpingthevictimsoftheSeptember11thattacks. Actors,includingTomHanks,juliaRoberts,TomcruiseandclintEastwood,toldstoriesofheroicactsbypeoplewashowofsupport. TheappealsalternatedwithperformancesbysuchpopularentertainersasBruceSpringsteen,mariahcarey,StevieWonder,PaulSimonandtherockbandU 2. TheyappearedonstagesinNewyork,LosAngelesandLondon,decoratedwithhundredsofburningcandles. SingerBillyjoelsang“NewyorkStateofmind”withaNewyorkcityfirefighter “Fragile”ong“Love sinNeedofLoveToday”.Pledgephonesweremannedbydozensofothercelebrities,includingjackNicholson,megRyan,WhoopieGoldberg,cindycrawford,AlPacinoandSylvesterSt6 / 17 allone. ,fromstarstostagehands,workedwithoutpay. Question:“telethon”mostprobablymeans_. 案例探究 sbirthdaypartydoesn thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnaclerio,anEvastonmotheroftwo,ages4and18months. “Havingapartyathomeusuallyrequiresalotofrunningaroundonthepartoftheparents, thavetobethatway,”,Anaclerioandherfriendjillcarlisle,aNorthbrookmotherofa2-year-old,foundedahomeparty-planningbusinesscalled“APartyinaBasket”.Theirgoalistohelpparentsandchildrenshareinthefunpartofpartyplanning,likechoosingthesubjectormakingacake,whiletheytakecareofeverything. Drawingontheirexperiencesasmothers,theyhavecreated(制作 )10ready-to-use,exceptthecakeandicecream,isdeliv7 / 17 eredtothehomeinalargebasket. “ourpartiesareaimedforchildren2to10,”Anacleriosaid,“andthey reveryinteractive( 互动 ),attheSodaShoppepartytheguestsbecomewaitersandwaitressesandbuildwonderfulicecreamcreations.” Thestandard 200packageforeightchildrenincludesabasketfilledwithinvitation,gifts,gamesandprizes,papergoods,callAnaclerioat708-864-6584orcarlisleat708-205-9141. Question:Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hassle”(Paragraph1)probablymean? 命题意图：本题考查学生通过上下文猜测词义的能 力，实际上也是考查学生的推理判断能力。属五星级题目。 错解分析：本题错解的原因主要是反义词领会不准确。 解题方法与技巧：（ 1）通读全文，抓文章大意，可知文章旨在推荐一种 homeparty-planningbusiness，其目的在于帮助父母及孩子筹办家庭晚会，从而把此工作化麻烦为乐趣。（ 2）仔细 观 察首 段 文字 ， “doesn thavetobeahassle” 和“canbeabasketoffun” 互为反义，故可以推出答案。 答案： c 8 / 17 (Reuters) organicfruit,the26-year-oldcomputertechnicianwillspendtheextramoneyatthesupermarkettobuyorganicfood. “organicproduceisalwaysbetter,”Goldsaid.“Thefoodisfreeofpesticides( 农药 ),( 本地 )grownandseasonal,soitismoretasty.”Goldisoneofagrowingnumberofshoppersbuyingintotheorganictrend,andsupermarketsacrossBr,andwhyaretheywillingtopayahigherpricefororganicproduce?marketresearchshowsthatGoldandotherswhobuyorganicfoodcangenerallygiveclearreasonfortheirpreferences ,d( 进口 )tomeetgrowingdemand.“Thedemandfororganicfoodisincreasingbyaboutonethirdeveryyear,soitisaveryfast-growingmarket,”saidSueFlock,aspecialistinthislineofbusiness. Question:Whatisthemeaningof“theorganictrend”asthewordsareusedinthetext? 命题意图：考查学生通过推理判断来猜测词义的能力。属五星级题目。 错解分析：本题错解的原因主要在于太孤立地看待相关语9 / 17 句，没能把上下文串起来。 解题方法与技巧：（ 1）通读全文，了解全文大意：越来 越多的人热衷于有机食品。 （ 2 ） 联 系 上 下 文 。 由 第 一 段 “That( 即organicfruit)iswhatGabrielGoldprefers”, 第 二 段“organicproduceisalwaysbetter,Goldsaid.” 可知 Gold对 organicfood 深 感 兴 趣 ， 再 根 据“Goldisoneofagrowingnumberofshoppersbuyingintotheorganictrend,andsupermarketsacrossBritainarecountingonmorelikehim” ，可知 Gold是越来越多的喜爱 organicfood的购物者中的一员，而且全英国的超级市场也正依赖（ counton）越来越多的像他这样的人（来赚钱）。因此可得出答案。 答案： A 锦囊妙计 1.通读全文，领会大意。 2.对上下文进行逻辑推理。 3.利用同义词、反义词、近义词、构词法（派生、合成、转化）等推测词义。 4.依靠自己的生活常识和社会经验进行判断。 歼灭难点训练 A 10 / 17 Formorethantwevelingthroughspace,onthechancethatsomeonemaybereceptivetosuchmessages. Scientistsareusingpowerfulradiotelescopestolistentosignalsfromabout1000stars,theywillscan( 扫 视 ）theentireskyto“listen”,oise. ofthe200billionstarsinthemilkyWaygalaxy （ 银 河 星系） ,toberightfortheevolution( 进化）(thatcanbelivedin)planetsinourgalaxy,mostscientistsagreethatchancesarelikelythatoneormoreoftheseplanetssupportsomelife. However,manyscientistswonderwhetherintelligent(有智力的） otherscientistsbelievethatoursearchhasn tbeenlongen,somescientiststhinkitislikelythatcivilization( 文明） ;,thesescientistsbelievethatwehavetokeeplooking. 1.()Theunderlinedword“monitor”inthepassagemeans“_”. B ,50percentoffam 11billionbytheyearXX. 11 / 17 ,cDs,( 购 入 品 )ies,reserving( 预定）hotelsorrentingcarsarealsoavailable( 可得到的 )epartinon-linegamesore-mail“chats”. 2.()Thephrase“physicalproducts”inthesecondparagraphmeansthings_. c TERNANG ，mon morethan10000peopleweremadehomelessinTernangwhentheSungaimasoverfloweditsbanksyesterdayaftersixdaysofcontinuousheavyrain. Thefloodvictimsarenowhousedinvariousmake-shiftreliefcentersinthenearbytownofTulang. “Everythingpossibleisbeingdonetohelptheunfortunatepeople.”Agovernmentspokesmansaid,“Infact,money,foodandclothinghavebeguntocomeinfrompublic-spiritedorganizationsandgenerouspersons.” 3.()Theword“casualty”inthel astsentencemeans_. 12 / 17 D Ifwomenareexploited( 剥削 )yearafteryear,outoffashion( 时髦 ),onlyawomaniscapableofstandinginfrontofawardrobe( 衣柜 )packedfullofclothesandannouncingsadlythatshehasnothingtowear. ,;neck-linesareloweredorraised,andsoon. Noonecandeclareth,comfortanddurability( 耐用 ).Theyareonlyinterestedinoutwardappearanceandtheytakeadvantageofthefactthatwomenwillputupwithanyamountofdiscomfort, tatsometimeinhislifesmiledatthesightofawomanshakinginathindressonawinterday,orpickingherawaythroughdeepsnowinhigh-heeledshoes. Whencomparingmenandwomeninthematteroffashion, sclothes,onewonders,showbasicqualitiesofinconstancyandinstability( 不稳定13 / 17 性 )?eliability?Thatisforyoutodecide. 4.()Bysaying“theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious”,thewritermeansthat_. sinconstancyintheirchoiceofclothingisoftenlaughedat E Ihadappliedforthenuclearsubmarine( 潜艇 )program,andwesatinalargeroombyourselvesformorethantwohours,IchosethoseaboutwhichIknewmostatthetime currentevents,seamanship,music,literature, navaltactics,electronics,gunnery ,hesoonprovedthatIknewrelativelylittleaboutthesubjectsIhadchosen. Healwayslookedrightintomyeyes, Finally,“HowdidyoustandinyourclassatGeorgiaTechbeforeenteringAnnapolisasafirstyearstudent?”Ihaddoneverywell,andIswelledmychestwithprideandanswered,“Sir,Istoodfifty-ninthinaclassof820!”Isatbacktowaitforthecongratulations ,thequestion:“Didyoudoyourbest?”Istartedtosay,“yes,sir,”butIrememberedwhothi14 / 17 swas,andrecalledseveralofmytimesattheAcademywhenIcouldhavelearnedmoreaboutourallies （ 二 战 时 的 同 盟国） ,ourenemies,weaponsstrategy,“,Ididn talwaysdomybest.” Helookedatmeforalongtime,whichIhaveneverbeenabletoforget ,“Whynot?”Isatthereforawhile,shaken,andthenslowlylefttheroom. 5.()Theword“saturated”inthesecondparagraphmayprobablymean_. F Inrecentyearsmanycountriesoftheworldh?Thereisevidencetosuggestthatwhilevarietycertainlymakestheworkerslifemoreenjoyable,thenvarietyisnotanimportantfactor. otherexpertsfeelthatgivingtheworkerfreedomtodohisjobinhisownwayisimportant,thereisusuallyverylittlethatcanbedonetocreateit. Anotherveryimportanlinesratherthanonelargeone,stfactor,therefore,butitisalsoonewecandosomethingabout. Towhatextentdoesmoremoneyleadtogreaterproductivity?15 / 17 ,theywillneitherwantmoremoney,norwillshortenworkinghoursbesoimportanttothem. 6.()Inthearticle,theword“productivity”means_. G oneofthequalitiesthatmostpeopleadmireinothersisthewillingnesstoadmitone “Iwaswrongaboutthat,”anditisevenhardertosay,“Iwaswrong,andyouwererightaboutthat.” IhadanexperiencerecenreIgrewup,andheaskedmeifIrememberedtheeggcartons(inmanycountries,eggsaresoldbythedozenandareputincartons).Thenherelatedanincident(event,matter)andIbegantorememberunclearlythein