《法律资料案例》PPT课件.ppt

案 例,第一次,题 目,自信是成功的秘诀,酸葡萄效应,理性情绪调节,“剥夺感觉”如何,善于“变通”的孙膑,自信是成功的秘诀,人物故事：海伦凯勒(1880-1962)，美国女学者，生于亚拉巴马州的小镇塔斯康比亚，1岁半时突患急病，致其既盲又聋且哑。在如此难以想象的生命逆境中，她踏上了漫漫的人生旅途人们说海伦是带着好学和自信的气质来到人间的，尽管命运对幼小的海伦是如此的不公，但在她的启蒙教师安妮莎利文的帮助下，顽强的海伦学会了写，学会了说。小海伦曾自信地声明：“有朝一日，我要上大学读书!我要去哈佛大学!“这一天终于来了。,哈佛大学拉德克利夫女子学院以特殊方式安排她入学考试。只见她用手在凸起的盲文上熟练地摸来摸去，然后用打字机回答问题。前后9个小时，各科全部通过，英文和德文得了优等成绩。4年后，海伦手捧羊皮纸证书，以优异的成绩从拉德克利夫学院毕业。海伦热爱生活，她一生致力于盲聋人的福利事业和教育事业，赢得了世界舆论的赞扬。她先后完成了我生活的故事等14部著作，产生了世界范围的影响，她那自尊自信的品德，她那不屈不挠的奋斗精神被誉为人类永恒的骄傲。 你的心里点评？,心理点评,1岁半就又盲又聋且哑的海伦，若没有强烈的与命运挑战的勇气和信心，是不可能成长为受世人赞誉的学者的。人生会面对一个接一个的挑战，我们如何面对挑战?倘若自我毫不畏缩，知难而上，并且最终战而胜之，那么，自我将会更加完善和成熟。在挑战面前，首先要肯定自己，肯定就是力量，就是对自己充满信心；自信可以促使人自强不息，迎难而上，可以发掘深藏于内心的自我潜能。海伦就是一个强有力的实证。海伦曾说，“信心是命运的主宰“。培养自信的气质十分重要。但自信并非天生的，它是在个人生活、实践中逐渐形成、发展的，认真地总结我们的长处和成功经历吧，让自信给我们力量去迎接人生的挑战，向海伦学习。,酸葡萄效应,现象实例 在伊索寓言中有个狐狸与葡萄的故事，说的是那狐狸本来是很想得到已经熟透了的葡萄的，它跳起来，未够高，又跳起来，再跳起来想吃葡萄而又跳得不够高，这也算是一种“挫折”或“心理压力”了，此时此刻那狐狸该怎么办呢?若是一个劲地跳下去，就是累死也还是跳不够那葡萄的高度。于是，那狐狸说：“反正这葡萄是酸的。言外之意是反正那葡萄也不能吃，即使跳得够高，摘得到也还是”不能吃“，这样，狐狸也就”心安理得“地走开，去寻找其他好吃的食物去了。 你的心里点评？,心理点评,寓言中的狐狸遇到“挫折“或“心理压力“时，采取了一种“歪曲事实“的消极方法以取得自己的“心理平衡“。凭心而论，人又何尝不是如此呢?像鲁迅先生笔下的“阿Q“，被人打时口中或心中念一句“反正是儿子打老子“，于是也就悠悠然忘却了皮肉之苦痛。人们不也常采用“阿Q“精神来缓解自己的压力而获取“心理平衡“吗?无可否认，它们确实也有着实际的意义和作用，尤其是当人们认为自己对所面临的压力已经是无能为力的时候，也不妨采用这种应付方式，以免走向极端。任何一种事物都会有正反两种意义，只要起到暂缓心理压力作用，使心理得以平衡，就有其实际意义，即“合理化“的酸葡萄效应。当然，我们不能总是停留在此，事后应采取积极措施，解决问题。,理性情绪调节,现象实例：有一个笑话：一个老太太有两个女儿，一个开洗衣店，一个开伞店。老太太左右为难：晴天，担心开伞店的女儿的生意不好；阴天，担心开洗衣店的女儿的衣服晒不干。有一天，有人劝导，老太太你好福气，下雨天，你开伞店的女儿生意好，该高兴；天气好，你女儿的衣服干得快，也该高兴。对你来说，哪一天都是好日子呀。老太太想一想，也真是这样，心情顿觉好多了。 你的心理点评？,心里点评,人们的不良情绪有些确实是因为生活中的不利境遇所引起的，但也有些不良情绪是由于人们对事情的真实情况缺乏了解或认识有偏差而盲目地生长起来的。同一事物，由于出发点和认识的不同，心情就不同，以上事例正是如此。由于老太太未能全面合理地认识事物，而是单方面地、只从不利的悲观的一面看待问题，这种不合理信念导致了消极的情绪。若从积极的角度理性地分析问题，就能获得愉快体验。,“剥夺感觉”如何,研究实例：美国普林斯顿大学做了一个实验，他们将55名自愿被试者分别孤单一人地关闭在几乎隔音的暗室里。为了尽量剥夺感觉，被试者的手上套上长至肘部的棉手套，蒙上眼罩。他们的头套在一个U形枕头里以降低听觉刺激，同时空气调节器发出单调的声音，以限制听觉。这些被试者就这样没日没夜地躺在小床上，或者百般无聊地昏睡，或者胡思乱想，所有的人都感到难以忍受的痛苦，有的还产生幻想。4天以后对被放出来的被试进行了各种测验，发现他们的各种能力都受到损害。而他们要恢复正常状态，则需要1天左右的时间。心理学家在其他大学做了类似的剥夺感觉实验，其情形也是如此。 你的心里点评？,心理点评,感觉虽然是一种简单的心理活动，但却十分重要。首先，感觉向大脑提供了内外环境的信息。通过感觉人可以了解外界事物的各种属性，保证机体与环境的平衡。感觉是认识的开端，知识的源泉。而以上实验可以证明刺激和感觉对于任何人来说都是必不可少的。对于一个正常人来说，没有感觉的生活是不可忍受的。,善于“变通”的孙膑,人物故事：战国时期，孙膑初到魏国，魏王要考查一下他的本事。一天，魏王召集众臣，当面考查孙膑的智谋。 魏王对孙膑说：“你有什么办法让我从座位上下来吗?” 庞涓出谋说：“可在大王座位下边生起火来。” 魏王说：“不可取。” 孙膑捻捻胡须道：“大王坐在上边嘛，我是没有办法让大王下来的。” 魏王问：“那你怎么办?” 孙膑道：“如果大王在下边，我却有办法让大王坐上去。” 魏王得意洋洋地说：“那好，”就从座位上走了下来，“我倒要看看你有什么办法让我坐上去。” 周围的群臣一时没有反应过来，也哄笑孙膑无能。忽然，孙膑却哈哈大笑起来，说：“我虽然无法让大王坐上去，却已经让大王从座位上下来了。” 这时，大家才恍然大悟，对孙膑的才华连连称赞。 你的心里点评？,心理点评,看了上面的故事，谁会不称赞孙膑的聪明呢?孙膑之所以聪明，这与他善于“变通”的思维品质分不开。在解决问题时，人们较多按常规去思考(即使魏王如何下来这一方面去思考)。而孙膑则能从“让魏王坐上去”反向思维，而巧妙地解决了问题，即能从另一个角度、另一个侧面去思考。这种思维具有发散性。 不少心理学家认为，发散思维与创造力有直接联系，因此，应有意识地培养、训练学生的发散性思维，即从思维的独创性、变通性、流畅性入手，逐渐养成学生多面向、多角度认识事物、解决问题的习惯，使学生的学习更具创造性。,Click to edit title style,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,Click to add Text,Content Title,Content Title,Content Title,Diagram,Reality,Identity,Creativity,Describe a vision of company or strategic contents.,Describe a vision of company or strategic contents.,Describe a vision of company or strategic contents.,Reality,Identity,Creativity,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,A title about content,Diagram,Text in here,Text in here,Text in here,Title,Title,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,Diagram,Description of the contents,Title in here,Title in here,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,Before,After,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,Description of the contents,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,Click to edit title style,2. 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Title,* Description of the contents,* Description of the contents,Diagram,Content Title,Description of the contents Description of the contents,Content Title,Content Title,Description of the contents Description of the contents,Description of the contents Description of the contents,Contents ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,Click to edit title style,Click to add Text Click to add Text Click to add Text,Click to add Text Click to add Text,Title in here,Title in here,Title in here,Text in here,Text in here,Text in here,Describe a vision of company or strategic contents.,Click to add Text,Click to add Text,Click to add Text Click to add Text,Click to add Text Click to add Text,Click to add Text,Click to add Text Click to add Text,Diagram,Describe a vision of company or strategic contents.,Describe a vision of company or strategic contents.,Describe a vision of company or strategic contents.,Describe a vision of company or strategic contents.,Describe a vision of company or strategic contents.,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,Click to edit title style,Contents,Contents,Contents,Contents,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,Click to add Text Click to add Text Click to add Text Click to add Text,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,Click to add Text Click to add Text Click to add Text,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,Click to add Text,Diagram,Step 1,Step 2,Step 3,1.Describe contents for a Step1 - Description of the sub contents - Description of the sub contents 2.Describe contents for a Step2 - Description of the sub contents - Description of the sub contents 3.Describe contents for a Step3 - Description of the sub contents - Description of the sub contents,Text in here,Click to edit title style,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,A Group,C Group,B Group,Click to edit title style,Level 1,Level 2,Level 3,Level 4,Level 5,Description of the contents,Description of the contents,Description of the contents,Description of the contents,Description of the contents,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,Click to edit title style,2004,Text,Text,Text,2005,2006,Text in here,Text in here,Text in here,Text in here,Text in here,Text in here,Click to edit title style,Text in here,Title in here,Text in here,Text in here,2003,2004,2005,2006,Description of the contents Description of the contents,Description of the contents Description of the contents,Description of the contents Description of the contents,Description of the contents Description of the contents,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,Click to edit title style,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,Contents,Contents,Contents,Contents,Diagram,Describe a vision of