贵阳中考英语总复习第二部分语法专题突破篇专题9非谓语动词精讲试题.docx

专题九非谓语动词,贵阳中考命题规律及趋势贵阳中考单项选择题和词汇应用对非谓语动词的考查中，考动词不定式，如：不定式作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语等。也涉及到了不定式固定句型和用法的考查，如：固定搭配forget to do sth.，decide to do sth.，would like sb.to do sth.(想让某人做某事)；疑问词不定式when to start(何时开始)。也考查分词和动名词形式，设题形式以单句为主。,贵阳中考重难点突破非谓语动词动词不定式作主语作表语作宾语作宾补作定语作状语分词现在分词过去分词动名词【注意】非谓语动词不能单独作谓语，无人称和数的变化。1动词不定式(1) 作主语：To do sports is healthy.作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。(2) 作表语His dream is to be an artist.(3) 作宾语Id like to help homeless people.常见的这类动词不定式做宾语：want，like，would like，love，prefer，hope，wish，try，ask，start，begin，learn，agree，forget，remember，need，decide，choose，afford，help，mean，order，plan，wish，expect，forget，hope，try，agree，promise，manage，volunteer，pretend，choose等。【注意】begin和start后可以接to do，也可接doing，意思基本相同。forget to do 忘记还没有做的事情forget doing 忘记已经做过的事情 remember to do 记得将要做某事remember doing 记得做过的事情 like，love，prefer 接to do 表示短暂性动作，接doing时表示经常性或习惯性动作。 stop to do 表示停下来去做另一件事 stop doing 表示停止正在做的事need to do sth. 需要去做某事(主动含义) need doing sth. 需要做某事(被动含义)(4)作宾补You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up.不定式做宾补，不定式的动作是宾语发出的，而不是主语发出的。常见的跟不定式作宾补的动词有以下：want sb.to do sth. ask sb.to do sth.need sb.to do sth. teach sb.to do sth.tell sb.to do sth. invite sb.to do sth.order sb.to do sth. allow sb.to do sth.force sb.to do sth. advise sb.to do sth.persuade sb.to do sth. would like sb.to do sth.【注意】感官动词后接不带to的不定式或现在分词感官动词后既可接不带to的不定式，也可接现在分词；接不定式时指“(看到、听到、见到)全过程”，接现在分词时指“瞬间动作”。这种用法常见的感官动词：see，hear，watch，notice，feel等。如：I heard the girl singing in the next room.我听到那个女孩正在隔壁房间里唱歌。I always hear the girl sing in the next room.我经常听到那个女孩在隔壁房间里唱歌。在使役动词make，let，have后跟不带to的动词不定式作宾补。如：My mom often lets me help her clean the house.(5) 作定语The park is a great place to have fun.He has no place to live in.动词不定式作定语时，被修饰的名词为它的逻辑宾语。如果动词不定式是不及物动词时，要带上必要的介词。(6) 作状语主要作目的状语，也可作结果状语和原因状语。动词不定式的动作是主语发出的。如：She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read.(目的状语)Paul is too excited to say anything.(结果状语)I am sorry to hear that your mother was ill in hospital.(原因状语)(7)动词不定式的特殊句型tooto表示“太而不能”。如：The boy is too young to look after himself.那个男孩太小不能照顾自己。enough to表示“足够”。如：He is old enough to go to school.他到了上学的年龄了。Why dont you 不带to的不定式？Why not不带to的不定式？如：Why dont you get her a photo album？Why not get her a photo album？为什么不给她买个相册呢？had better(not)不带to的不定式。如：Youd better not stay there today.你今天最好别待在那儿。prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。如：She prefers to receive a small gift that has some thought behind it rather than receive a lot of money.她宁愿收到一份有意义的小礼物也不愿收到一大笔钱。2分词分词分为现在分词和过去分词。(1)现在分词现在分词作定语，可放在被修饰的名词前或之后。如：Baking dogs seldom bites.现在分词作伴随状语，如：The girl came in the room，carrying a bun of flowers.(2) 过去分词做定语I know the girl called Mary.作表语His car is broken.作宾补：have sth.done：使某事被做Mr.Smith had his hair cut.,贵阳中考题例及解析一、单项选择根据语境或句意，选择可填入句子的最佳选项。( )1._ up early is important for your health.ATo getBGets CGot【解析】答案为A动词不定式作主语。( )2.He is too fat.He has decided _ some exercise to keep healthy.Ato take Btaking Ctake【解析】答案为Adecide to do sth.决定做某事，动词不定式作宾语。( )3.Im sleepy.I prefer _ at home to going out for a walk.Asleeping Bto sleep Cslept【解析】答案为Aprefer doing sth.to doing sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事。( )4.Many young people took part in _ trees on Tree Planting Day.Aplanting Bplants Cto plant【解析】答案为A动名词作介词的宾语。二、基础知识与运用根据语境或句意，用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1(2016贵阳中考)Our teacher often asks us _(discuss)questions in groups.【解析】答案为to discussask sb.to do sth.，动词不定式作宾语补足语。2(2017贵阳中考)To protect elephants，we must save the trees and not buy things _(make) of ivory.【解析】答案为mademade 是过去分词作定语，修饰名称things，由制成的。,考点抢测一、词语运用1Dont forget _to_clean_(clean) your bed.2Its easy for a child _to_wake_(wake) up and know where they are.3As teenagers you cant get your ears _pierced_(pierce)二、单项选择( C )1.My teacher encouraged me _ more confident.AisBbeCto be( C )2.Lucy is shy.She would not invite her classmates _ dancing with her.Apractice Bpracticing Cto practice( C )3.Students should learn how _ problems.Asolv